玫瑰冠鸡资源群的微卫星多态性分析

利用8个微卫星DNA标记分析了玫瑰冠鸡(50只)及其杂交鸡(40只)的群体遗传变异。计算了各群体在各位点上的等位基因频率,并据此计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度、多态信息含量和有效等位基因数。结果表明:2个鸡群在8个微卫星座位上的基因频率存在明显的差异。所选的8个微卫星座位均为高度多态,可作为有效的遗传标记用于鸡群体遗传多样性的分析。     

新疆7个绵羊品种MHC区段微卫星遗传多样性的分析

为分析新疆北疆地区主要绵羊品种的遗传多样性和系统发生关系,利用SSR Hunter软件寻找5个微卫星标记,采用PCR扩增,1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳,对新疆7个品种绵羊群体遗传多样性进行了检测分析,统计了各群体的等位基因组成、平均有效等位基因数和平均基因纯合率,利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度、多态信息含量和群体间的遗传距离。结果显示新疆7个绵羊群体共发现28个等位基因,实验证明在5个微卫星位点的平均多态信息含量为0.5569~0.7335,平均杂合度为0.6208~0.7437,有效等位基因数为2.7118~4.4203,均属于高度多态性位点。聚类分析和主成分分析结果与其起源、育成历史及地理分布基本一致。这5个位点作为与生产性能相关的遗传标记较为理想。     

翘嘴鳜EST-SSR标记的开发及3个群体遗传多态性分析

为保护野生翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)的种质资源以及遗传育种,本研究从翘嘴鳜的EST文库中开发微卫星并筛选出22对具有多态性的微卫星标记,对来自陆水水库(赤壁)和沅江流域(常德、怀化)的3个野生群体进行了遗传多样性分析.实验结果显示,这些标记在3个群体中均表现出了丰富的多态性;共检测到134个等位基因;各基因座观测等位基因数4～8个;平均等位基因数为6.090 1;观测杂合度0.675 4;期望杂合度0.748 7;多态信息含量0.701 0,表明3个翘嘴鳜群体在各检测位点中具有较好多态性.对数据进行F-检测,平均Fst值为0.038 3,说明群体间的遗传分化程度低;而群体遗传相似度和遗传距离的计算结果显示:常德和怀化群体的遗传相似度最大,遗传距离最小;而常德与赤壁群体的遗传相似度最小,遗传距离最大.这恰恰与翘嘴鳜群体的流域分布一致.     

6个绵羊品种微卫星多态性分析

为了研究5个新疆当地绵羊品种与藏羊的遗传多样性及进化关系,本研究采用8个微卫星标记对策勒黑羊、多浪羊、巴音布鲁克羊、巴什拜羊、阿勒泰羊和藏羊6个群体共计263个血液DNA样品进行检测,通过计算基因频率、多态性分析含量(PIC)、有效等位基因数(Ne)和杂合度(He),分析以上绵羊品种群体的遗传多样性。同时采用Mega5.2分析软件对其遗传距离进行聚类分析。结果表明:8个微卫星位点在6个绵羊品种中共检测到130个等位基因,每个座位平均16.25个等位基因;6个群体的平均Ne为7.6882-9.8722。6个群体中藏羊的He与PIC最高值分别为0.8922和0.8715,其次是巴什拜羊,而巴音布鲁克的He和PIC都最低分别为0.8629和0.8350,但是6个群体均属于多态信息含量较高的遗传群体。由遗传距离构建的系统进化树也符合地理分布与育种历史。结果提示,6个群体都存在丰富的遗传多态性,而遗传距离有助于诠释品种之间的亲缘关系,预测杂交优势。     

北京地区两个封闭群巴马小型猪的群体遗传质量分析

目的对北京地区两个封闭群巴马小型猪群体进行遗传质量评价与分析。方法利用DB11/T828.3-2011中的25对微卫星引物,对A、B两个巴马小型猪群体进行微卫星分型及遗传参数计算。结果 A、B两巴马小型猪群体分别得到126和160个等位基因,平均杂合度分别为0.6541、0.6973,平均多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.6037、0.6605,两者的遗传距离为0.2650。结论 B群巴马小型猪群体具有较好的遗传多样性和稳定性,符合封闭群动物的群体遗传特征。     

尼罗罗非鱼选育家系的遗传多样性研究

近年来,微卫星标记技术因其引物通用性强、检测快速、多态信息含量高等优点发展并成为各种物种基因组作图的首选标记。本文利用11个微卫星标记分析14个尼罗罗非鱼家系的遗传多样性,研究尼罗罗非鱼群体的遗传多样性和家系间的遗传关系。结果表明,11个微卫星位点扩增产物具有多态性,每个位点平均等位基因数为8.36;14个尼罗罗非鱼家系的平均多态信息含量、平均杂合度、平均有效等位基因数分别为0.499 3、0.558 3、2.608 0,表现为较高的遗传多态性。对14个尼罗罗非鱼家系间的遗传距离分析发现,家系NT207与NT213遗传距离最小,为0.204 4;家系NT208与NT210遗传距离最大,为0.760 9。14个尼罗罗非鱼家系间的平均遗传相似性指数为0.649 6,平均遗传距离为0.440 2。UPGMA系统树分析结果表明,家系NT215、NT218、NT210与NT211构成一个分支;家系NT214、NT203、NT206、NT207、NT213、NT217、NT209与NT216构成另一个分支;而家系NT208、NT201与其他家系的遗传距离则较远,分别构成独立的分支。     

基于微卫星标记的中华蜜蜂5个自然群体遗传多样性分析

【目的】分析中国四川阿坝、黄土高原、海南岛、浙闽丘陵、滇南地区等地的中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana)自然群体遗传多样性。【方法】提取样品基因组DNA后进行PCR扩增,并用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测。通过计算15对微卫星标记在5个中华蜜蜂自然群体中的等位基因数、多态信息含量、期望杂合度、观测杂合度、遗传距离、遗传相似系数和遗传分化系数,进而评估各中华蜜蜂种群遗传多样性和各种群间遗传分化。【结果】15个微卫星位点共检测到64个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因数平均为4.266 7个,单个位点的等位基因数为2～6个。各群体平均等位基因数为2.6～3.066 7个,平均观测杂合度为0.550 3～0.664 3,平均期望杂合度为0.524 4～0.566 7,平均多态信息量为0.410 3～0.492 7。四川阿坝群体与黄土高原、海南岛、浙闽丘陵、滇南地区等地群体在Acc001,Acc096,Acc131等3个位点上存在明显分化;黄土高原群体与海南岛、浙闽丘陵、滇南地区等地群体在Acc114,Acc121,Acc132等3个位点上表现出一定程度的遗传分化;海南岛群体与浙闽丘陵、滇南地区两地群体在Acc001,Acc002,Acc004,Acc131,Acc132等5个位点上均表现出较强的遗传分化;浙闽丘陵与滇南地区群体间在Acc002,Acc121,Acc131等3个位点上遗传分化极明显。5个中华蜜蜂自然群体之间的遗传距离在0.160 1～0.491 0之间。【结论】5个中华蜜蜂群体遗传多样性丰富,群体间遗传分化明显。     

舟山附近海域3个大黄鱼养殖群体遗传多样性的微卫星分析

利用8个微卫星多态标记分析舟山附近海域3个大黄鱼养殖群体共90个体的遗传多样性。结果显示,8个微卫星位点共检测到等位基因64个,各位点等位基因数(A)范围为5~10个,观测杂合度(Ho)的平均值为0.9111,期望杂合度(He)的平均值为0.8108,多态信息含量(PIC)平均值为0.7800,表明所选择的8个微卫星位点均表现出较高的多态性。群体的遗传多样性分析结果显示,3个群体的平均观测杂合度和平均期望杂合度分别为0.891 7、0.900 0、0.941 7和0.738 4、0.743 2、0.821 3,Shannon多样性指数分别为1.467 0、1.449 0、1.800 9,表明3个群体的遗传多样性处于较高水平。HardyWeinberg平衡检验发现只有LYC0015和LYC0009位点处于平衡状态(PHW0.05),其余6个位点都不同程度地偏离了平衡。3个群体的聚类分析表明,岱山和朱家尖西岙网箱2个养殖群体亲缘关系较近,而与舟山市水产所耐低温F2代群体亲缘关系较远。     

利用微卫星标记分析贵州水牛的遗传多样性

通过对贵州水牛的遗传多样性进行分析,为正确评估贵州水牛的资源价值、制定合理可行的保种方案提供理论依据.利用11对多态性较高的微卫星引物对贵州7个水牛群体的有效等位基因数、基因杂合度、多态信息含量和遗传距离进行分析.贵州7个水牛群体的平均有效等位基因数、平均杂合度和平均多态信息含量分别为4.0823～4.8951、0.7450～0.7922和0.7021～0.7605;遗传距离最远的黔南水牛和毕节水牛为0.3084;由UPGMA聚类法将贵州7个水牛群体聚为4类.贵州水牛遗传多样性丰富,具有较好的遗传潜力;对贵州水牛的划分比传统分类法更能反映实际的生态地理环境及其历史形成状况.     

新疆3个地方品种绵羊微卫星遗传分析

利用10个微卫星标记对新疆北疆地区3个品种绵羊品种遗传多样性进行了检测。统计了各品种的等位基因组成、平均有效等位基因数(E)和平均基因纯合率(Ph),利用等位基因频率计算出各品种的平均遗传杂合度(h)、多态信息含量(PIC)和品种间的遗传距离。结果表明：10个微卫星位点在3个绵羊品种中的多态信息含量除BM1824、MAF65、OarAE101、OarFCB48为低、中度多态外,其余6个微卫星均为高度多态,可作为有效的遗传标记用于绵羊品种之间遗传多样性和系统发生关系的分析;各品种绵羊总的平均PIC、h和E均低于、Rh高于国外其他品种的绵羊,其基因多态性和遗传多样性相对贫乏;各品种的分子系统发生关系与其来源、育成史、分化及地理分布基本一致。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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