菠里克果的镇痛和抗炎活性研究

目的：对民间验方菠里克果镇痛和抗炎的活性部位进行筛选，观察分离出的各部位口服和外敷给药的差别，为将其改为口服制剂或制备成帖剂提供理论基础。方法：用小鼠耳廓肿胀法、扭体法、热板法对分离出的若干有效部位进行药理实验筛选。结果：醋酸乙酯萃取物外敷和灌胃给药可以抑制小鼠耳肿胀，灌胃给药使小鼠扭体反应次数减少，外敷给药使小鼠热板痛阈值提高，正丁醇萃取物外敷和灌胃给药可以抑制小鼠耳肿胀，灌胃给药使小鼠热板痛阈值提高。结论：醋酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取物为菠里克果镇痛和抗炎的有效部位。     

藏药垂果蒜芥挥发油的提取及其化学成分的GC-MS分析

目的：提取分离鉴定垂果蒜芥挥发油的化学成分.方法：采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取垂果蒜芥挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行化学成分分析.结果：首次对垂果蒜芥挥发油进行分离,并结合质谱鉴定出69种化合物.结论：垂果蒜芥挥发油中主要成分是异硫氰酸丁酯（22.37%）;丁二酸二异丁酯（4%）,1-甲基异氰基苯（15.07%）,N,N′-二异丁基硫脲（22.24%）.     

燕山东段野生木半夏果实性状的株间变异

以燕山东段碣石山天然分布的木半夏果实为试验材料,对其果实的8个性状变异和各性状间的相关性进行了分析研究。结果表明：（1）果实性状株间变异比较显著;（2）果实各性状变异系数由大到小依次为空瘪率、果实重、果形指数、果实横径、果梗长、种子重、果实纵径、果肉率;（3）果肉率与果实横径成极显著正相关,与果形指数成显著负相关;种子重与果实重成极显著正相关,与空瘪率、果实横径成显著负相关,与果实纵径关系最不紧密;（4）建议在野生木半夏群体中筛选高果肉率和高种子重的单株时应分别进行,以果实横径的大小作为主要参考指标;在以观果效果为主的单株选择上,则宜果梗长短为主要参考指标。     

刺柏叶精油的化学成分研究

刺柏（ＪｕｎｉｐｅｒｕｓｆｏｒｍｏｓａｎａＨａｙａｔａ）为我国特有树种。其叶精油可作为调香原料。为探索刺柏叶精油的利用价值，使用色谱－质谱仪对其进行了化学成分分析，定性定量鉴定出５５个化合物．主要成分为α－菠烯、柠檬烯、乙酸龙脑酪和月桂烯等。并将其化学成分与欧洲刺柏（ＪｕｎｉｐｅｒｕｓｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｓＬｉｎ）叶的化合物进行对比，二者有较多的相似之处，但刺柏更具独特香型。     

旋覆花化学成分研究

旋覆花是一种传统的中草药,现代研究表明旋覆花中含有多种生物活性成分。通过柱层析、HPLC等分离方法对旋覆花乙醇提取物的化学成分进行研究,分离纯化得到6种单体化合物,并通过化学方法和现代波谱学方法技术（一维及二维核磁共振谱等）进行结构鉴定。分别为：β-谷甾醇、槲皮素、α-菠甾醇、山奈酚、伊谷甾醇葡萄糖苷、α-葡萄糖。     

浆果之王 蓝莓的发展前景

蓝莓（学名Blueberry）,又称越桔、蓝梅、蓝浆果、蓝莓果等,杜鹃花科越桔属落叶或常绿灌木,是多年生的浆果类果树。蓝莓果实既可以鲜食,又可以加工成果汁、果酒、果酱等老少皆宜的多种食品,深受消费者青睐。从加工果汁的果渣中,还可以提取优良的天然食品红色素“越桔红”。     

白骨壤果实中抗氧化活性成分研究

【目的】为获得高效的抗氧化先导化合物,对红树白骨壤（犃狏犻犮犲狀狀犻犪犿犪狉犻狀犪）果实中化学成分进行研究.【方法】采用柱色谱和高效液相色谱及细胞定量分析方法,对白骨壤果实中抗氧化活性成分进行研究,并运用色谱分析和文献对照方法,鉴定其化学结构.【结果】从白骨壤果实中分离鉴定了4个具有抗氧化活性的单体化合物,分别为tamarixetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（1）、3,4-dihydroxyphenethylalcohol-6-O-caffeoyl-β-D-glucoside（2）、类叶升麻苷（3）、焦地黄苯乙醇甙C（4）.化合物1～4的EC50值分别为（16.0±0.98）μM,（18.5±1.47）μM,（9.5±1.09）μM 和（12.0±0.89）μM.【结论】红树白骨壤果实中存在着具有强抗氧化活性成分（1～4）,且上述活性成份均为首次从该物种中分离获得.     

红毛丹果实的发育及采后生理研究

研究红毛丹果实的生长发育及采后生理的变化－结果表明：红毛丹果实的生长发育期约为１６～１７周;果实的生长速度呈“Ｓ”型生长曲线;鲜红色或黄色的椭圆形果实大小接近于５ｃｍ×３ｃｍ,是一种甜酸之果,也是一种非骤变型的果实－果实中总的可溶性固形物为质量分数１９－３％－采后果实失水较为严重,通常在室温（２６℃）条件下,果实的保鲜期仅６～７ｄ－将果实装入薄膜袋内,并调节袋内的Ｏ２（体积分数为５％）和ＣＯ２（体积分数为９％）的水平,在低温（１０℃）下贮藏,可使果实的保鲜期延长约４周－     

野生欧李果实中不同形态钙的含量

采用不同浸提剂（H2O,1mol／LNaCI,2％HAC,5％HCI）逐级提取,分析测定了野生欧李不同类型（大果型和小果型,小果型土壤施钙和叶面喷钙,大果型高位嫁接和低位嫁接）果实中的不同形态钙含量。结果表明：大果型和小果型果实中以活性钙（水溶钙和果胶钙）积累为主,不同形态钙含量大小为水溶钙含量〉果胶钙含量〉磷酸钙含量〉草酸钙含量〉剩余钙含量;小果型土壤施钙和叶面喷钙果实中总钙量增加,与实生小果型果实比较,活性钙组分下降,非活性钙组分增加;大果型高位嫁接和低位嫁接果实中不同形态钙组成比例大小并未改变,嫁接接口的高低影响果实中总钙量及不同形态钙的含量。研究提出,野生欧李果实中活性钙组分多,利于人体吸收和利用,是人体补钙之佳品。     

化香果化学成分的研究

<正> 化香果是化香树(Platycarya Strobilacea Sieb et Zucc.属胡桃科)的果实,长椭圆形球果状,具狭翅。主产江苏、浙江、安徽、山东、河南、江西等省,朝鲜、日本亦有分布。化香树各部位均含单宁,果实的单宁含量高达30％左右,是国内重要的水解类栲胶原料之一。 化香果栲胶除广泛用于制革和锅炉除垢剂外,还具有其他水解类栲胶所没有的某些特殊用途,例如可以代替单宁酸作为半导体材料锗的良好浮选剂,等等。 有关化香果化学成分的研究情况,迄今未见报道。为了改进栲胶质量,并为扩大栲胶用途提供理论依据,对其化学成分的研究是极为重要的。 本研究以南京地区的化香果为试验原料,分别用甲醇和70％甲醇连续浸提。甲醇浸提液经减压浓缩后再用乙酸乙酯多次萃取,最后通过色层分离得到五种化合物。经理化常数测定,紫外、红外光谱和纸层析图谱与标准样品对照,确定结构成分有一种是鞣花酸,其余四种尚待鉴定。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to