短波随机不平顺对列车-板式无砟轨道-路基系统振动特性的影响

运用弹性系统动力学总势能不变原理及形成矩阵的"对号入座"法则,建立列车-板式无砟轨道-路基竖向振动方程组,分析列车高速运行时,短波随机不平顺对列车-板式无砟轨道-路系统振动特性的影响,并对不同种类随机不平顺对列车-板式无砟轨道-路基系统动力特性的影响进行对比研究.研究结果表明:短波随机不平顺对车体垂向加速度、路基竖向压应力影响很小,对扣件竖向压应力、轨道板及底座板弯曲应力有一定的影响,对轮轨垂向力、钢轨振动加速度、轨道板振动加速度、底座板振动加速度和CA砂浆压应力则有显著的影响,影响超过中长波随机不平顺.研究车体及路基动力特性时可以不考虑短波随机不平顺,研究无砟轨道各部件动力特性时,则应考虑短波随机不平顺.     

有砟及无砟轨道结构对货物列车运行安全性的影响

基于列车-有砟及无砟轨道系统空间振动计算模型,采用列车脱轨能量随机分析方法,分别计算货物列车在有砟、无砟轨道上的脱轨全过程,得出2种车轨系统横向振动极限抗力作功及其动力响应,分析货物列车的运行安全性、2种车轨系统的空间振动特性。研究结果表明:与有砟轨道相比,无砟轨道的抗脱轨能力最大可提高45.9%,车速为90 km/h时无砟轨道上车体竖向Sperling平稳性指标、轮对横向力、轮轨竖向力分别减小73.5%,22.1%和27.3%;无砟轨道各部件横向位移、加速度均小于有砟轨道相应值,而钢轨竖向位移大于有砟轨道相应值,但由于无砟轨道竖向位移主要由扣件承担,导致钢轨传至道床板的竖向位移衰减75.3%;无砟轨道各部件竖向加速度均大于有砟轨道相应值,产生的振动、噪声对周围建筑影响更大。建议在重载铁路新线设计中优先采用无砟轨道,但应采取减振降噪措施。     

地铁引起环境振动的振源加速度

分析计算了列车运行引起环境振动的振源,即轨道作用于道床的振动加速度机制.建立了轮-轨-道床计算分析模型,将钢轨视为Winkler地基上无限长梁,建立并求解该梁的动力方程,得到列车移动静力产生的轨道振动加速度;根据Hertz接触理论,求得轮轨动接触力,利用Green函数模拟轨道因轨道不平顺和轮轨动接触力作用产生的变形,进而求得轨道不平顺和轮轨动接触力引起的轨道振动加速度;叠加上述两种加速度,即得列车引起环境振动的振源振动加速度;最后将理论计算结果和实测结果进行比较,吻合较好.     

时速80 km/h地铁地下线梯形轨枕轨道现场测试分析

为评价时速80 km/h地铁作用下梯形轨枕的工作性能,对北京地铁某线梯形轨枕道床进行现场动位移和加速度测试,从时域、频域和Z振级角度对加速度指标进行分析,从时域角度对动位移数据进行分析,评价梯形轨枕轨道工作性能。结果表明:地铁列车作用下普通道床钢轨、道床和隧道壁振动有效值为14.1、0.48、0.069 m/s~2,梯形轨枕断面对应测点振动有效值为18.1、0.62、0.016 m/s~2,隧道壁处振动加速度在1～1 000 Hz内均有一定减振效果,最大Z振级差值为11.9 dB,梯形轨枕道床钢轨垂向、钢轨横向、梯轨垂向、梯轨横向最大动位移分别为0.34、0.13、1.21、0.081 mm。     

提速条件下重载铁路小半径曲线32m简支T梁动力性能试验研究

通过对不同轴重、不同速度情况下朔黄铁路芦沟特大桥32m跨度简支T梁进行运营性能试验,测试桥梁结构动力响应,研究提速状态下桥梁结构的动力响应规律。研究结果表明:在30～70km/h时速重载列车作用下,32m简支T梁的横向自振频率、跨中横向振幅、横向加速度、动力系数以及墩顶横向振幅和桥墩横向自振频率均符合《铁路桥梁检定规范》相关要求;随着列车速度提高,桥跨结构横向振动和竖向振动明显增大,墩顶横向振动也有逐渐增大趋势;随列车轴重增加,桥跨结构跨中动挠度逐渐增大,而其他动力性能参数变化规律不明显。     

既有高速铁路提速条件下低频晃车特征及影响因素研究

针对某高速铁路列车在运营速度由200 km/h提升至250 km/h后,部分直线区段出现的车体横向低频晃动现象开展试验研究和仿真分析。首先对比分析提速前、后轨道动态检测数据在晃车区段和未晃车区段的时频特征以及乘坐舒适性,进而研究晃车区段的轮轨接触特性,通过建立车辆-有砟轨道动力相互作用模型,深入分析轮轨廓形、列车运行速度以及轨道平顺状态对高速铁路直线运行晃车问题的影响。研究结果表明：当列车提速至250 km/h后,晃车区段车体横向加速度出现明显周期性波动,振动频率为1.37 Hz,与提速前相比,车体横向加速度振动幅值增加了一倍,舒适性等级接近超限,乘坐舒适性明显降低;与采用CHN60&LMA廓形相比,采用实测轮轨廓形时的轮对蛇形运动加剧,轮对运动向一侧钢轨偏移,直接影响车体横向振动频率;列车运行速度提高后车辆系统响应对轮轨廓形的变化更为敏感,采用实测轮轨廓形,列车运行速度为250 km/h时的车体横向加速度谱峰较运行速度为200 km/h时的增大了1.6倍,较采用CHN60&LMA廓形时的增大了1.5倍;当列车提速至250 km/h后,轨道不平顺振动频率与轮对蛇形运动频...     

重载铁路钢轨波磨对有砟道床动力特性的影响

为分析钢轨波磨对重载铁路有砟道床动力特性的影响,考虑道砟颗粒的不规则外形,采用离散单元法建立了有砟道床的数值模型.通过施加由车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型计算得到枕上动压力,分析了有砟道床在钢轨波磨条件下的动力响应.结果表明:钢轨波磨会降低道床稳定性,显著提高散体道床的振动水平;钢轨波磨区段砟颗粒之间的接触力会有较小程度的增...     

复合轨枕有砟轨道动力性能试验研究

为研究复合轨枕有砟轨道动力性能,试验铺设轨道结构实尺模型,采用落轴冲击的方法,测试不同落轴高度冲击下钢轨、轨枕、道床、基础的加速度及钢轨的应变,并推算轨道动刚度和阻尼。研究结果表明:与弹性轨枕有砟轨道对比,复合轨枕钢轨加速度较大,衰减快;复合轨枕道床和基础加速度峰值略小,道床衰减较慢;2种轨道结构基础加速度衰减均较慢;在1～10 Hz范围内,复合轨枕振动能量较大,减小了其轨道钢轨和基础的振动,使得2种轨道动力特性差异较大;2种轨道弹性均很好,使得动刚度较小,复合轨枕和弹性轨枕轨道动刚度分别为28～32 kN/mm和38 kN/mm,阻尼分别为170～195 kN?s/m和146～178 kN?s/m。从减振性能角度考虑,复合轨枕有砟轨道效果更好。     

简支梁上CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道动力特性的试验研究

为研究纵连板式无砟轨道-桥梁整体的动力性能,对桥上CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道建立了多测点测量系统,详细观测了CRTSⅡ型轨道工作时各结构的响应特征,对各结构的横向加速度、竖向加速度、竖向位移以及梁体的自振频率、阻尼比、动力系数进行了统计分析.结果表明:CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道系统的竖向总减振率可达90%以上,行车振动传至桥面板时,最大竖向加速度幅值为3.93 m/s~2,最大竖向位移幅值为0.131 4 mm,满足相关规范要求;行车振动对邻线影响较小,且影响主要集中在简支梁固定支座端;车致振动响应基本与行车速度呈正相关;在特定速度附近,部分结构可能产生与轨道系统整体不同步的振动模式,存在离缝与损坏的隐患;在CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道系统下,简支梁一阶竖向自振频率约为7.27 Hz,略大于裸梁理论值.     

客运专线有砟道岔轨道动刚度特性分析

在分析客运专线有砟道岔轨道刚度组成的基础上,建立了有砟道岔轨道动刚度的计算方法,分析了我国时速250 km客运专线有砟道岔轨道动刚度特性.结果表明:心轨的动静刚度比最大,基本轨、尖轨和导轨次之,翼轨最小;在小于100 Hz的频段上,各钢轨的动刚度随着激振频率增加而减小;在0～250 Hz的频段上,各钢轨会出现3个共振峰.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-