不同加载应变率下钨合金变形及破坏机理研究

采用准静态压缩、霍普金森动态压缩以及爆炸加载3种不同加载方式,研究了钨质量分数为97.5%的高钨合金在不同加载应变率条件下的变形以及破坏机理.试验结果表明:钨合金在应变率为10-4s-1准静态加载条件下,大量钨颗粒在与轴向呈45°方向发生拉伸塑性变形并在径向发生解理断裂;在应变率为103s-1量级的动态压缩条件下,钨合金在与加载应力呈45°方向发生了局部剪切,径向外表面发生钨-钨断裂以及钨颗粒解理断裂;爆炸加载应变率达到105～106s-1的条件下,钨合金内部产生大量钨颗粒碎块,且在个别钨颗粒内产生条状花样,同时钨颗粒内部产生大量形变孪晶作为裂纹萌生源,增加了钨合金内钨颗粒解理断裂.钨合金在高应变率加载条件下为纯脆性断裂.     

射频溅射Fe1—xNix／Cu超晶格的结构与磁性

应用射频溅射技术制备了面心立方结构的Ｆｅ１－ｘＮｉｘ／Ｃｕ（ｘ＝０．２６－０．５４）金属超晶格，ＭｇＯ单晶衬底的采用以及在面心立方结构的Ｃｕ上实施外延等措施保证了在Ｎｉ质量分数低至０．２６时Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ合金层仍保持了良好的面心立方的晶体结构，而且直到液氦温区这种面心立方结构仍是稳定的，磁性测量表明，当Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ合金层的Ｎｉ质量分数低至接近因瓦合金成分（ｘ＝０．３５）时，其合磁矩呈下降趋势，即表现出偏     

应变速度对8090Al—Li合金拉伸性能的影响

用动态拉伸的方法研究了应变速率对８０９０Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金拉伸性能的影响,应变速率的范围为１０＾－３－１０＾３Ｓ＾－１。结果表明,合金的强度和塑性随应变率的增加而增加。试样的ＳＥＭ和ＴＥＭ分析发现：准静态下的断裂为沿晶断裂;随着应变率的增加,断裂从穿晶准解理断裂过渡到由显微空穴聚集而成的韧窝断裂。高应变率下８０９０Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金强度和塑性的提高与其变形机制的晶界无沉淀区的变化有关。     

纳米丝应变率和尺寸效应的数值模拟

在绝对零度下,利用基于分析型嵌入原子势的分子动力学模拟了体心立方(BCC)结构的纳米丝在不同应变率、和不同截面尺寸下的的拉伸变形过程,结果表明:在拉伸过程中,纳米丝表面出现了滑移带,并沿010方向发生脆性断裂;不同应变率只影响试样的断裂强度,应变率越大,断裂强度越高;而截面尺寸越大,屈服强度降低,断裂强度和弹性模量增大.     

一种面心立方合金的流变应力及应变速率敏感性的表象模型及其计算机模拟

在Ｒ．Ｅ．Ｒｅｅｄ－Ｈｉｌｌ提出的体心立方合金塑性变形总流变应力的物理模型的基础上，建立了一种置换式面心立方合金Ｃｕ—３．１ａｔ．％ Ｓｎ的总流变应力的表象模型．此总流变应力由三项组成，即内应力、有效应力及由于动态应变时效所引起的应力．有效应力和应变速率及温度成指数函数关系．动态应变时效应力遵循修正了的Ｈａｒｐｅｒ关系式．内应力则被假定为以和弹性模量同样的规律随温度而改变．将此模型输入计算机进行模拟计算，所得结果和实验数据吻合很好，说明此模型成功地描述了在７７Ｋ至６００Ｋ温度范围内，合金的总流变应力和应变速率敏感性随温度的变化规律．     

钨合金力学性能及断口形貌的温度效应

研究了真空退火态93WNiFe合金在10-900℃的拉伸性能、断口形貌及显微组织,研究结果表明：随着温度的升高钨合金抗拉强度逐渐下降,延伸率先上升后下降,在400℃出现峰值,断口形貌由钨颗粒解理型断裂逐渐向钨颗粒与粘结相脱开型断裂转变,钨合金抗拉强度主要受断口断裂模式的影响,而延伸率却受钨颗粒和粘结相变形的共同影响。     

西昆仑造山带变形古应力差值、应变速率估算及结果分析

文章对西昆仑造山带早华力西变形期的古应力差值、应变速率进行了估算，并对估算的结果进行了分析。对透射电镜所拍摄的变形颗粒位错形态照片，采用位错密度、动态重结晶和亚晶粒粒径等方法进行古应力差值的估算，并估算了该期变形的应变速率。古应力差值σ１－σ３＝８０～１５０ＭＰａ，应变速率６×１０－１４～２×１０－１３ｓ－１，为中速应变。初步推算，该期变形作用大约持续了２．１６Ｍａ。     

钨合金变形微观力学行为的计算机数值模拟

提出了钨合金的组织结构模型，在此基础上通过有限元法对钨合金闰伸变形时组织结构中的应力分布及其变化规律进行了计算机数值模拟研究，结果表明：钨合金拉伸变形时拉伸方向最大正应力和最大Ｍｉｓｅｓ应力区域在钨颗粒相中，同时钨颗业还将受到垂直于拉伸方向的压应力；最大剪切应力分布在粘结相中，随拉伸变形增加，粘结相最先进人塑性状态，由于粘结相的塑性变形、钨合金中应力不断重组，应力逐渐在钨颗粒中集中。     

纳米线高应变率拉伸超塑性

应用分子动力学方法,采用嵌入势EAM与Buckingham势,对金属Cu、半导体化合物CuInSe2和陶瓷化合物MgO纳米线进行拉伸模拟,考察其拉伸应力-应变曲线,并分析拉伸过程中的结构变化.发现当以高于临界应变率的速率对纳米线进行拉伸时,纳米线由脆性断裂向韧性断裂转变,且其延伸率可以超过100%,表现出超塑性的特性,而以较低应变率拉伸时,纳米线仍然表现为脆性断裂,这表明纳米线材料的超塑性对于应变率高度敏感.通过观察纳米线在拉伸过程中的结构变化,发现高应变率拉伸时由于CuInSe2与Cu纳米线晶体结构发生非晶化,在这一转变过程中大量能量被吸收,因而导致其塑性变好.而MgO纳米线则发生面心立方结构向环形结构的相变,相变的发生同样导致了能量的吸收,从而使其塑性大大改善.     

密排六方颗粒填充床内对流换热的模拟研究

针对颗粒堆积结构对填充床内对流换热的影响,利用ICEM和FLUENT等流体力学软件对密排六方堆积结构进行建模,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型以及等比例缩放的壁面函数对结构内转捩流和湍流进行数值模拟,使用CFD-Post后处理软件计算分析结构内流体的压力降、流动阻力系数和综合换热系数,并与无序堆积结构和具有同样孔隙率的面心立方堆积结构进行比较。结果表明,相比于面心立方堆积结构和无序堆积结构,密排六方堆积结构内流体的压降明显增加;在孔隙雷诺数小于1500时,密排六方堆积结构内流体的阻力系数小于面心立方堆积结构及无序堆积结构内流体的阻力系数;密排六方堆积结构的颗粒壁面努塞尔数明显大于面心立方堆积结构及无序堆积结构的颗粒壁面努塞尔数,该堆积结构具有更好的综合换热效率。     

Coupling effects of tungsten and molybdenum on microstructure and stressrupture properties of a nickel-base cast superalloy

In order to comprehensively understand the forming mechanism of abnormal phases solidified in a nickel-base cast superalloy with additives of tungsten and molybdenum, the coupling effects of W and Mo on the microstructure and stress-rupture properties were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the precipitation of primary α-(W, Mo) phase depended tremendously on the amount of W and Mo addition. When the total amount of W and Mo was greater than 5.79 at%, α-(W, Mo) phase became easily precipitated in the alloy.With increasing of Mo/W ratio, the dendrite-like α-(W, Mo) phases were apt to convert into small bars or blockylike phases at the vicinities of γ′/γ eutectic. The morphological changes of α-(W, Mo) phase can be interpreted as the non-equilibrium solidification of W and Mo in the alloy. Since the large sized α-(W, Mo) phase has detrimental effects on stress-rupture properties in as-cast conditions, secondary cracks may mainly initiate at and then propagate along the interfaces of brittle phases and soft matrix. During exposing at 1100 ℃ for 1000 h, the α-(W, Mo) phases transformed gradually into bigger and harder M_6C carbide, which results in decreasing of stress-rupture properties of the alloy. Finally, the alloy with an addition of 14W-1Mo(wt%) maintained the longest stress lives at high temperatures and therefore it revealed the best microstructure stability after 1100 ℃/1000 h thermal exposure.     

High Strain Rate Induced Plasticity-increasing of Metallic Materials under Tension

The effect of strain rate on plasticity has been Investigat-ed for three metallic materials with dynamic tension tech-nique. A phenomenon of high strain induced plasticity -increasing was found for tested materials. The elongation of quenched 30CrMnSiNi2A is 14. 5% under 40 m/s loading rate which is more than two times of the 7 % un-der 0. 5 mm/min. This typic high strain rate induced plasticity - Increasing phenomenon is associated with adiabatic heating, strain twinning and suppression of strain - induced - phase transformation.     

Ductile fracture behavior of TA15 titanium alloy at elevated temperatures

To better understand the fracture behavior of TA15 titanium alloy during hot forming, three groups of experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of deformation temperature, strain rate, initial microstructure, and stress triaxiality on the fracture behavior of TA15 titanium alloy. The microstructure and fracture surface of the alloy were observed by scanning electronic microscopy to analyze the potential fracture mechanisms under the experimental deformation conditions. The experimental results indicate that the fracture strain increases with increasing deformation temperature, decreasing strain rate, and decreasing stress triaxiality. Fracture is mainly caused by the nucleation, growth, and coalescence of microvoids because of the breakdown of compatibility requirements at the α/β interface. In the equiaxed microstructure, the fracture strain decreases with decreasing volume fraction of the primary α-phase (α_p) and increasing α/β-interface length. In the bimodal microstructure, the fracture strain is mainly affected by α-lamella width.     

轧制态5083铝合金的超塑性

为获得轧制态5083铝合金超塑性变形行为的工艺参数,对超塑性变形行为及其原理进行了研究。结果表明：在300℃条件下,当应变速率为1.67×10^-4s^-1时,材料的伸长率最高,达到126.1%。在此条件下轧制态5083铝合金呈现良好的超塑性,材料在超塑性变形过程中表现出明显的应变软化现象,伴随有锯齿形流变现象;断裂形式为韧性断裂,断口形貌由韧窝和撕裂棱组成。该结果为轧制态5083铝合金的工业化生产提供了数据参考。     

TWIP钢高温变形行为的研究

通过单道次压缩试验,对Fe-Mn-C系孪生诱导塑性钢(TWIP钢),在800~1 000℃,应变速率0.01~10.0 s-1条件下的热变形行为及组织演变规律进行了研究.实验结果表明,升高温度和降低应变速率均可促进奥氏体发生动态再结晶.根据实验所得流变应力曲线,由热变形方程计算得到了TWIP钢热变形激活能Q=421.37 kJ/mol.并在此基础上得到了TWIP钢高温变形的热加工方程.采用Z参数预测了动态再结晶的临界条件,当Z≤9.94×1018时TWIP钢易发生动态再结晶,具有较好的热加工性能.     

超塑性材料的单向拉伸均匀变形和颈缩速度的研究

均匀变形条件是超塑性材料迭到很高塑性的一个条件。文章用塑性基本理论导出幂硬化特性的在单向拉伸时均匀变形条件,它适用范围较广,幂硬化塑性材料的均匀变形条件是它的一个特例。从该均匀变形条件可以看到W.A.Backofen所提出的超塑性材料不可能有绝对意义上的均匀变形,但可以通过分析颈缩的速度和应变速率敏感性指数m来分析超塑性的高低。     

PIM高密度合金在液相烧结过程中的变形

研究了高密度合金在液相烧结中的变形 ,提出了变形模型 .实验结果表明 ,随W含量降低、液相烧结温度提高、保温时间延长 ,变形将更为严重 .变形的结果使得显微组织、性能和尺寸发生很大的变化 .根据变形模型 ,可以预测控制变形的方法 .     

Hydrogen effect on the mechanical behaviour and microstructural features of a Fe-Mn-C twinning induced plasticity steel

The influences of hydrogen on the mechanical properties and the fracture behaviour of Fe-22Mn-0.6C twinning induced plasticity steel have been investigated by slow strain rate tests and fractographic analysis.The steel showed high susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement,which led to 62.9%and 74.2%reduction in engineering strain with 3.1 and 14.4 ppm diffusive hydrogen,respectively.The fracture surfaces revealed a transition from ductile to brittle dominated fracture modes with the rising hydrogen contents.The underlying deformation and fracture mechanisms were further exploited by examining the hydrogen effects on the dislocation substructure,stacking fault probability,and twinning behaviour in pre-strained slow strain rate test specimens and notched tensile specimens using coupled electron channelling contrast imaging and electron backscatter diffraction techniques.The results reveal that the addition of hydrogen promotes planar dislocation structures,earlier nucleation of stacking faults,and deformation twinning within those grains which have tensile axis orientations close to<111>//rolling direction and<112>//rolling direction.The developed twin lamellae result in strain localization and micro-voids at grain boundaries and eventually lead to grain boundary decohesion.     

Deformation behavior and microstructural evolution during hot compression of an a+b Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si alloy

The effect of processing parameters on the flow response and microstructural evolution of the a+b titanium alloy Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si has been studied by conducting isothermal hot compressive tests at a strain rate of 0.01-10 s-1 at 860-1100°C. The true stress-true strain curves of the sample hot-compressed in the a+b phase region exhibit a peak stress followed by continuous flow softening, whereas in the b region, the flow stress attains a steady-state regime. At a strain rate of 10 s-1, the alloy exhibits plastic flow insta-bilities. According to the kinetic rate equation, the apparent activation energies are estimated to be about 674-705 kJ/mol in the a+b region and 308-335 kJ/mol in the b region, respectively. When deformed in the a+b region, the globularization process of the a colony structure occurs, and a dynamic recrystallized microstructures are observed to show bimodal. Dynamic recrystallization can take place in the b region irrespective of starting deformed structures.     

镍钛形状记忆合金管滚珠热旋压成形数值模拟

为了获得高性能、高质量的镍钛形状记忆合金薄壁管,尝试采用滚珠热旋压方法进行镍钛形状记忆合金管的成形．通过采用刚粘塑性有限元法对镍钛形状记忆合金管进行滚珠热旋压成形模拟,获得了镍钛形状记忆合金管坯在不同初始温度下的温度场、应力场和应变场,并进行了旋压载荷的预测．模拟结果表明,旋压件主变形区的温升可达100℃以上,故不宜选择太高的旋压初始温度;旋压成形时主变形区处于三向压应力状态,这将有利于提高材料的塑性,从而实现更大程度的塑性变形;主变形区的等效应力和等效应变数值均由外壁到内壁逐渐减小,说明旋压成形时管坯的外壁比内壁更容易满足塑性屈服准则;随着旋压温度的升高,各方向的旋压载荷均呈下降趋势,轴向载荷远远小于径向载荷和切向载荷．