DO对MBBR同步硝化反硝化生物脱氮影响研究

研究了移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)同步硝化反硝化生物脱氮城市污水处理工艺.试验结果表明,当溶解氧(DO)质量浓度为2 mg.L-1、水力停留时间为8 h、悬浮填料填充率为50%时,MBBR工艺可通过同步硝化反硝化实现90%以上的脱氮效果.生物膜内DO质量浓度梯度造成好氧和缺氧区是实现同步硝化和反硝化的关键.该工艺能在同一个反应器中实现同时硝化和反硝化,并达到两个过程的动力学平衡,大大简化了生物法脱氮的工艺流程,提高了生物脱氮的效率,并节省投资.     

HRT和载体对一体化生物膜反应器脱氮除磷效果的影响

根据生物脱氮除磷原理,设计了一体化生物膜反应器,用于生活污水的处理。在一体化生物膜反应器处理生活污水连续运行基础上研究水力停留时间(HRT)和载体对反应器脱氮除磷效果的影响,同时通过分析微生物群落变化对系统脱氮过程进行探讨。试验结果表明:载体特性对反应器脱氮除磷效果影响显著;HRT为9h时,载体B4反应器总氮去除率为68.9%;好氧区HRT是限制系统脱氮效果的主要因素。由于载体的作用反应器好氧区存在着好氧缺氧微环境的交替,从而实现了好氧区同步硝化反硝化的脱氮过程。     

HRT和载体对一体化生物膜反应器脱氮除磷效果的影响

根据生物脱氮除磷原理,设计了一体化生物膜反应器,用于生活污水的处理。在一体化生物膜反应器处理生活污水连续运行基础上研究水力停留时间(HRT)和载体对反应器脱氮除磷效果的影响,同时通过分析微生物群落变化对系统脱氮过程进行探讨。试验结果表明:载体特性对反应器脱氮除磷效果影响显著;HRT为9 h时,载体B 4反应器总氮去除率为68.9%;好氧区HRT是限制系统脱氮效果的主要因素。由于载体的作用反应器好氧区存在着好氧缺氧微环境的交替,从而实现了好氧区同步硝化反硝化的脱氮过程。     

用一体化生物膜反应器处理生活污水

根据生物脱氮原理,设计了一体化生物膜反应器,用于生活污水的处理。将反应器运行2个月,探讨反应器对有机物和氮的去除,同时采用聚合酶链式反应与变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)方法对反应器好氧区和缺氧区微生物种类和多样性进行分析。结果表明:该反应器通过设置好氧和缺氧2种环境,并且通过内循环回流,形成“前置式反硝化系统”可达到较好地去除有机物和氮的目的,其中水力停留时间为影响硝化作用的重要参数。在反应器的好氧区有同步硝化反硝化现象发生。     

一体化生物膜反应器处理生活污水

根据生物脱氮原理,设计了一体化生物膜反应器,用于生活污水的处理。将反应器运行两个月,探讨了反应器对有机物和氮的去除,同时采用聚合酶链式反应与变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)方法对反应器好氧区和缺氧区微生物种类和多样性进行了分析。结果表明,该反应器通过设置好氧和缺氧两种环境,并且通过内循环回流,形成"前置式反硝化系统"可达到较好地去除有机物和氮的目的,其中水力停留时间为影响硝化作用的重要参数。在反应器的好氧区有同步硝化反硝化现象发生。     

无污泥持留序批式反应器的脱氮理论模型

提出无污泥持留序批式反应器并建立其动力学理论模型．模型推导表明：反应器的脱氮效能是水力停留时间、曝气比率、进水周期等操作因子的函数；通过调控水力停留时间、曝气比率等因素，能调节反应器的好氧菌筛选因子和厌氧菌筛选因子，完成硝酸菌的洗出和反硝化菌的积累．模型极限分析表明现有Sharon反应器的实质是反应周期为零的无污泥持留序批式反应器．以荷兰Dokhaven污水处理厂的Sharon反应器为例，模型计算结果表明在水力停留时间为2．6d、反应周期为2h、曝气比率为0．175时，厌氧菌筛选因子值为0．020，低于反硝化菌的最大比生长速率0．034，好氧菌筛选因子值为0．093，介于亚硝酸菌最大比生长速率0．137与硝酸菌最大比生长速率0．082之间，此时反应器的理论氨转化率为98．9％，总氮脱除率为97．6％．     

半硝化-厌氧氨氧化法的脱氮研究

研究采用一种新的工艺——半硝化-厌氧氨氧化法来处理高浓度氨氮废水。半硝化在35℃左右,pH值为7．6左右,水力停留时间为1d的条件下反应;厌氧氨氧化在35℃,pH值为7．5左右,水力停留时间为2d的条件下反应。硝化反应对氨氮的有一定去除效果,但没有同等比例的亚硝酸盐氮生成;厌氧氨氧化反应前期氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮的去除率均可达到55％以上,但后期氨氮没什么去除效果,而亚硝酸盐氮有一定的去除率。     

三维电极生物膜脱氮系统的电场响应性

研究三维电极-生物膜反应器对加载电场的响应性,为寻求反应器有效合理的自动控制方式提供理论指导.为了充分利用三维电极体系阳极产氧为硝化菌提供好氧环境实现氨氮硝化,利用阴极产氢为反硝化菌提供缺/厌氧环境和电子供体实现反硝化脱氮,实验设计并稳定运行了三维电极-生物膜脱氮反应器.通过考察不同电流密度条件下,系统溶解氧(DO)、pH、脱氮性能的变化,研究电流密度对三维电极-生物膜反应器中微生物生长的微环境和微生物反硝化脱氮所需电子供体的影响,评价三维电极-生物膜脱氮系统的电场响应性.结果表明,在电流密度为0.013 4 mA/cm2时,NH+-N转化率可达90％,NO3--N和TN去除率70％以上;三维电极-生物膜脱氮系统的极限电流密度在0.020 1 mA/cm2附近;极限电流密度范围内,电流密度引起系统DO、pH的变化均在系统承受范围内;电流密度的提高可提高阴极NO3--N反硝化效率,但对阳极NH4+-N的硝化无明显影响,极限电流密度范围内均无NO2--N积累.     

低基质条件下厌氧氨氧化生物膜和颗粒污泥脱氮性能对比研究

在低基质质量浓度条件下,对海绵填料生物膜反应器和颗粒污泥反应器进行厌氧氨氧化的脱氮性能进行对比研究。研究结果表明:当进水NH4+-N和NO2--N质量浓度分别为(17.03±2.16)mg/L和(19.17±2.33)mg/L时,颗粒污泥厌氧氨氧化反应器的脱氮性能明显优于海绵填料生物膜反应器的脱氮性能;保持对NH4+-N和NO2--N的平均去除率为90%以上时,通过缩短水力停留时间,颗粒污泥反应器容积氮去除速率可达3.55 kg.N/(m3·d),而海绵填料生物膜反应器仅为0.94 kg·N/(m3·d);进水中NO2--N与NH4+-N的质量浓度比能影响反应器的化学计量关系。     

玄武岩纤维-周丛生物膜-连续流反应器的污水深度净化性能研究

污水处理厂排水中氮、磷等营养盐浓度仍高于地表水,可能导致受纳水体富营养化,需要对其深度净化.周丛生物膜因其在脱氮除磷方面的优异性能而引起越来越多的关注.因此,设计了基于玄武岩纤维-周丛生物膜的连续流反应器(BFP-CFR),研究了不同水力停留时间(HRT)下BFP-CFR对污水深度净化的性能.研究结果显示,BFP-CFR的最佳HRT为48 h.该HRT下氨氮(NH₄⁺-N)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的去除率为79.88%、25.36%和94.83%.经过该反应器处理后,可显著降低污水氮磷污染物浓度.当HRT≥32 h时,氨氮出水浓度可达《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)Ⅳ类标准及以上,总磷浓度符合《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)Ⅱ类标准及以上.反应器出水水质和净化动力学分析表明,由于BFP反硝化能力弱,本反应器水质净化的限制性污染物为总氮,后续需要在促进反硝化功能以强化脱氮方面开展研究.这为今后将BFP运用于污水处理后排水的深度净化提供了数据支撑,指出了需要技术突破的方向.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with