液相氧化法制取芴酮的研究

以工业芴为原料,吡啶为溶剂,KON为催化剂,采用液相氧化法制取芴酮,通过考察溶剂用量、催化剂用量和反应时间等影响因素对芴酮产率和芴转化率的影响,找到最佳的反应条件使芴酮的产率>98%,芴的转化率>99%.     

液相氧化法制取芴酮的研究

以工业芴为原料,吡啶为溶剂,KON为催化剂,采用液相氧化法制取芴酮,通过考察溶剂用量、催化剂用量和反应时间等影响因素对芴酮产率和芴转化率的影响,找到最佳的反应条件使芴酮的产率＞98%,芴的转化率＞99%.     

2-溴-9-芴酮的合成研究

采用9-芴酮为原料,在相转移催化剂、溴化铵和溴酸钾的共同作用下合成了2-溴-9-芴酮;其结构经熔点和1H NMR确证,并通过单因素变量法研究了各因素的影响.结果表明,取9-芴酮10 mmol时,溴化铵用量为40 mmol,溴酸钾用量为11.5 mmol,相转移催化剂用量为5.3 g,反应时间为1.5 h,反应温度为95℃,产率最高达98%.     

腐植酸负载钯催化剂对Heck反应的催化性能

研究了腐植酸负载钯催化剂对碘苯、溴苯及其芳基卤衍生物与丙烯酸的Heck芳基化反应的催化性能.在氮气保护下,讨论了时间、温度、催化剂用量、碱和溶剂对反应产率的影响.结果表明:以溴苯与丙烯酸的反应为例,催化剂在130℃反应12 h,三丁胺作为碱,催化剂用量为0.44 mol%的钯含量,四丁基溴化铵作为溶剂的条件下具有较好的催化性能;对碘苯及溴苯的衍生物与丙烯酸的反应也有很高的催化活性.     

二(4-苯氧基苯基)二甲基硅烷的合成与表征

以六甲基膦酰胺(㈣)为溶剂，铜粉作催化剂，用稍过量的对二溴苯和酚钠盐或酚钾盐在185～210℃下反应制得4-溴二苯醚，收率为55％．由4-溴二苯醚制备格氏试剂，与二甲基二氯硅烷反应制得二(4-苯氧基苯基)二甲基硅烷，m．p．：68～69℃．以二甲基二氯硅烷计产率达85％．用IR、^1HNMR等分析方法对4-溴二苯醚和二(4-苯氧基苯基)二甲基硅烷进行了表征．     

对溴苯酚合成工艺

采用正交试验考察了反应物浓度、反应温度、溴滴加时间对直接溴化制备对溴苯酚产率和苯酚转化率的影响。适宜的工艺条件为：反应温度0℃，加料时间90min，溴与苯酚的摩尔比1.1，溴与溶剂的质量比为0.59，苯酚与溶剂的质量比为1.04。在上述条件下苯酚的转化率高达99.4%，对溴苯酚产率为96％,对邻比为85。反应产物经分离、提纯等工艺，产品的纯度达到98.5%。     

芴气相氧化制芴酮催化剂制作条件的研究

研究了用工业芴气相氧化制取芴酮的催化剂制作条件，考察了浸渍时间、煅烧温度、煅烧时间和煅烧空气量对催化剂制作的影响．     

探索合成乙酰乙酸乙酯最佳条件

以苯作为溶剂制备乙酰乙酸乙酯，考察反应时间、溶剂用量对反应产率的影响，结果表明，在最佳反应条件下，产率最高可达到一个新的水平56．2％。     

溴化聚苯乙烯的制备

简述了在二氯乙烷溶剂中，以三氯化铝为催化剂，以氯化溴为溴化试剂制备溴化聚苯乙烯的方法，通过实验确定了制备溴化聚苯乙烯的最佳工艺条件，讨论了反应条件对产物收率和质量的影响。     

半纤维素-g-壳聚糖负载钯(0)催化剂的制备与催化性能

通过较温和的click反应制备了半纤维素-g-壳聚糖化合物,并以其为载体通过简单的还原方式制备了半纤维素-g-壳聚糖负载钯(0)催化剂.利用傅里叶红外光谱、热重分析、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱分析等方法对催化剂进行了表征,发现该催化剂对Suzuki偶联反应有较好的催化活性.考察不同的反应溶剂、催化剂用量、反应温度、碱、底物种类和循环回用次数对Suzuki反应产率的影响.结果表明:以无水乙醇为溶剂、K2CO3为碱时,在70℃下反应3 h,反应产率高达84%;催化剂可以通过简单的方法回收但重复使用性能有一定下降,重复使用5次后产率降至61.6%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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