小麦生育期亚性状的配合力研究

本研究以６个小麦品种（系）为亲本，按Ｇｒｉｆｆｉｎｇ方法２进行完全双列杂交，对小麦生育期亚性状（抽穗期、开花期、成熟期、籽粒发育期、旗叶功能期）进行了配合力分析。结果表明：５个性状的一般配合力均方和特殊配合力均方均达到极显著，并且一般配合力的作用大于特殊配合力的作用。本文依据一般配合力效应、特殊配合力效应和特殊配合力方差，对各供试亲本在育种中的利用价值进行了评价。     

水稻杂种优势的遗传研究

采用双列杂交法分析水稻杂种优势．用杂交水稻研究中具有代表性的8个品种．按所有可能成对杂交，对配成的28个组合进行田间重复试验，评估产量及其构成因子等性状．结果表明．所考察6个农艺性状在各组合问总体平均数差异显著；6个农艺性状一般配合力方差和特殊配合力方差达到极显著水平，即表明所研究性状同时受加性效应和非加性效应控制；从8个亲本6个农艺性状的一般配合力效应值(gi)分析可得出．同一亲本不同性状其gi值不同．同一性状gi值在不同亲本间亦有很大差别；从28个组合的特殊配合力效应(Sij)可得出，特殊配合力在同一组合不同性状间以及同一性状不同组合间存在显著差异．一般配合力与特殊配合力在多数组合中表现一致．但也有例外，是由于双亲杂交具有很强的非加性效应所致．在产量构成要素中．单株实粒数表现为最高杂种优势，其次是有效穗数，而千粒重优势最小。     

蓖麻主要农艺性状配合力分析

本文以11个亲本蓖麻品种按NCⅡ交配设计获得28个杂交组合,考查亲本F1代主要性状的表现,进行性状的配合力分析,结果表明：产量性状的一般配合力以转1号、转2号、1987的单株产量为较高,而其参于的特殊配合力效应也较高。通过配合力分析,转1号/1987和转2号/2129为优良组合,可继续进行产量鉴定。一般配合力方差相对比率大的性状有：单株产量、一级分枝果穗数、主茎穗长和一级分枝数,这些性状遗传上加性效应占主导地位,其他性状的杂种优势以非加性效应占主导地位。通过对农艺性状遗传力的估算,狭义遗传力高的性状有一级分枝果穗数、主茎蒴果数、主茎穗长可在低世代进行选择,狭义遗传力低的性状则在较高的世代选择。     

四川小麦育种骨干亲本的应用与种质资源创新

 对四川省30 年来审(认)定的170 个小麦品种的骨干亲本进行了分析,结果表明:2000 年之前审(认)定小麦品种的骨干亲本是繁6 和衍生品种绵阳11 号系列,有繁6 亲缘关系的育成品种33 个,占该时期育成品种的49.28%,亲缘系数累计9.25.绵阳11 号及姊妹系育成品种21 个,占此时期育成品种的31.35%,亲缘系数合计8.45.2001-2013 年是四川省小麦育种界的黄金时期,13 年选育审定了112 个小麦新品种,克服了2000 年前种质资源使用单一和狭窄的弱点,这个时期选育出5 个品种以上的骨干亲本有绵阳26、贵农21 和92R 系列材料,分别占本时期育成品种的10.7%、9.8%、6.3%.近年来,育种家创造培育的一批新的种质资源(包括人工合成品种川麦42,SW 系列,R 系列)正在成为新一轮多个骨干亲本系列.     

冬春性小麦杂交世代主要性状配合力与杂种优势的研究

通过冬春性小麦杂交世代主要性状的配合力与杂种优势的研究表明:同一性状不同品种的一般配合力和特殊配合力相对效应存在较大的差异:特殊配合力效应值较高的组合,其杂种优势较强,杂种后代表现愈好,但还与亲本的一般配合力效应有关.因此在选择中必须注重亲本的一般配合力的选择.实践证明,京花2号和荆阿的殊特配合力效应虽表现稍差,但一般配合力效应较好,是两个具有较高利用价值的亲本.     

马铃薯块茎性状的配合力分析

对马铃薯8个亲本利用完全双列杂交设计组配的36个组合的11个块茎性状的群体遗传和配合力效应进行研究。结果表明：①青薯5号、青薯6号、陇薯3号、陇薯6号具有较好的一般配合力效应,是理想的亲本材料。②组合08-14、08-18、08-25和08-33的块茎产量、淀粉含量具有较高的特殊配合力,产生较强的杂种优势。③一般配合力和特殊配合力之间没有明显的对应关系,两个由一般配合力高的亲本所组配的组合,其特殊配合力不一定高,但特殊配合力好的组合,至少有一个亲本的一般配合力较好。因此,要选择一般配合力高的亲本,在此基础上再考虑特殊配合力的大小。     

啤酒大麦主要农艺性状的配合力和遗传力分析

通过对8 个啤酒大麦品种配置的不完全双列杂交分析,针对株高等8 个农艺性状,依据配合力效应对亲本和组合进行了评价,并且对这8 个农艺性状的广义和狭义遗传力进行了估算。结果表明:矮秆早和浙皮1 号是较好的矮秆亲本,91282 和91272 具有分蘖力强、长穗和粒大的特点,甘木二棱和浙皮1 号是较好的多粒亲本;Schooner×浙皮1 号、矮秆早×91272 、91282×甘木二棱是丰产性状较好的组合;主穗长和株高的广义和狭义遗传力比其它性状较高。     

春小麦籽粒蛋白质性状的配合力分析

选用10个籽粒蛋白质性状差异较大的春小麦品种进行5×5不完全双列杂交,对其F1后代及亲本的干、湿面筋含量、Zeleny沉降值、籽粒蛋白质含量和籽粒硬度等的主要蛋白质性状进行了配合力分析.分析结果表明,中8131的干面筋含量、湿面筋含量、蛋白质含量和硬度的一般配合力的正向效应值显著高于其它几个亲本,是相对较好的育种亲本.中8131×新春6号、武春3号×永3119、武春3号×辽春10号、新春9号×宁作19的特殊配合力效应值在所有蛋白质性状上均表现为正向效应,可以认为是提高籽粒蛋白质性状的较好组合.     

玉米自交系配合力的分析

玉米自交系配合力分的析结果表明:穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、穗质量、单株籽粒产量、穗位叶长的一般配合力方差达极显著水平;亲本性状表现与其一般配合力关系为穗长、穗粗、穗位叶长、穗行数都达到显著或极显著水平;同一亲本不同性状或同一性状不同亲本间GCA效应有较大差异;优良组合的双亲之一GCA要高,要能互补,同时SCA也要高.     

水稻叶型特征与产量的典型相关分析

对12个水稻品种生理成熟期的产量和叶型特征进行典型相关分析,结果表明：产量与叶型特征各性状的典型相关系数均达显著或极显著水平。剑叶宽、短、直和叶基夹角小;倒二叶厚、直、叶鞘长;倒三叶长、直、窄、厚、叶鞘较短和叶基夹角较大的株型对产量的提高有利。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the