不同龄期鹌鹑的静止代谢率与恒温水平

成鹑在15～40℃时的静止代谢率呈“U”型曲线,25℃时最低,其正常体温41.52±0.40℃。一日龄雏鹑的体温已相当恒温水平时71.57％,但至20～21日龄才恒温。一日龄的静止代谢率较低,仅相当成鸟的80％左右;2日龄后,较成鸟为高;而20℃时较35℃时高;温暖的饲养环境,可减少能量消耗。     

高山姬鼠体温调节和产热能力的胎后发育

为了阐明高山姬鼠(Apodemus chevrieri)胎后发育的体温调节和产热能力,对其出生后1~42日龄幼仔的体温和静止代谢率(resting metabolic rate,RMR)进行了测定。结果表明:1日龄和7日龄时高山姬鼠幼仔体温和RMR随环境温度的升高而升高,14日龄时,高山姬鼠幼仔在低温条件下(5℃、10℃)体温相对较低,此时RMR已有明显的增加:7~14日龄是其体温调节能力快速发育的时期;21日龄时,高山姬鼠幼仔在低温条件下RMR极显著高于其他温度点的RMR,28日龄时,高山姬鼠幼仔RMR在高温(35℃)条件下也表现出增加的趋势;35日龄和42日龄时,能判断高山姬鼠幼仔热中性区(thermal neutral zone,TNZ)在22.5~30℃之间,接近成体水平。以上这些结果说明,高山姬鼠幼仔在胎后发育过程中,为维持恒定的体温,不同发育时期产热机制和能量分配方式不同,发育早期,生理性产热较弱,能量主要用于自身的生长发育;离开母体后,其恒温能力及产热调节能力得到较快的发展,以适应环境的变化。     

年龄和怀卵对鳄蜥选择体温及静止代谢率的影响

2008年8～9月在广东罗坑自然保护区,对大竹园管护站和鳄蜥研究中心的部分人工饲养鳄蜥Shinisaurus crocodilurus进行选择体温和静止代谢率的测定,实验鳄蜥共分为一龄幼蜥组、二龄幼蜥组、三龄亚成体蜥组、成年雄蜥组、非怀孕成年雌蜥组和怀孕雌蜥组6组.结果表明:怀孕雌蜥、一龄幼蜥和二龄幼蜥的选择体温和静止代谢率均显著高于三龄亚成体蜥、成年雄蜥和非怀孕成年雌蜥,而三龄亚成体蜥、成年雄蜥和非怀孕成年雌蜥间的选择体温和静止代谢差异不显著.从选择体温和静止代谢率的年龄差异推测幼蜥发育成熟的时间跨度约为3年.建议在饲养怀卵雌体及幼体鳄蜥时,应注意保持适宜的热环境.     

泽陆蛙的体温调节及静止代谢率

为研究泽陆蛙Fejervarya multistriata的体温调节能力及其静止代谢率,应用开路式呼吸作用测量仪,测定泽陆蛙在一定温度范围内(10~35℃)的耗氧量,由此计算出静止代谢率,结果显示:雌雄泽陆蛙在不同环境温度条件(10、15、20、25、30、35℃)下的体温和静止代谢率均无显著性差异(P0.05)。泽陆蛙体温与环境温度(10~35℃)呈显著正相关关系,其线性回归方程为T_b=0.881 7T_a-1.355 2(r~2=0.996 1,F_(1,6)=1 009.98,P0.01)。泽陆蛙静止代谢率随环境温度(10~35℃)的升高而升高,其关系符合一元二次曲线的数学模型,回归方程为η_(RMR)=3.176-0.314T_a+0.01T2a(r~2=0.976,F_(1,6)=18.251,P=0.021)。在20、30、35℃时,泽陆蛙静止代谢率与其体质量呈显著负相关关系,相关系数分别为-0.449、-0.523、-0.512。结果表明:泽陆蛙的体温和静止代谢率随环境温度的变化而变化,符合外温动物的体温和代谢特点,泽陆蛙具有一定的生理调节体温的能力。     

温度对中华倒刺鲃静止代谢及低氧耐受的影响 (动物科学)

为考查温度对鱼类静止代谢率及低氧耐受能力的影响,本研究以中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbussinensis)幼鱼为对象,分别在10、20和30℃条件下驯化2周,随后将实验鱼置于密闭呼吸室中测定静止代谢率,并通过“双线法”推出临界氧压(Pcrit)等相关参数。实验结果显示:随着温度的上升,中华倒刺鲃幼鱼静止代谢率(MO2rest)、Pcrit点所对应代谢率(MO2pcrit)以及临界代谢范围(MMS)均显著上升(p<0.05);MO2rest的温度系数(Q10)在10~20 ℃和20~30 ℃间分别为2.54和1.27。而中华倒刺鲃幼鱼Pcrit却不受温度变化的显著影响,表现出一定的保守性。研究表明,中华倒刺鲃幼鱼Pcrit随温度的变化趋势并不与MO2rest的变化趋势相吻合,这提示随温度的改变中华倒刺鲃可能还启用了其他生理、生化和(或)行为学机制。
     

体质量对雌雄孔雀鱼静止代谢率的影响

在 25℃ 下测定了 60 尾雌雄各半、不同大小的孔雀鱼( Poeciliareticulata )的静止代谢率( Restingmetabolicrate )。结果表明:雄性孔雀鱼(体质量范围为 0.16~1.15g )静止代谢率范围为 0.03~0.37mg · h-1 ;雌性孔雀鱼(体质量范围为 0.16~2.13g )静止代谢率的范为 0.03~0.44mg · h-1 。协方差分析表明,孔雀鱼体质量对静止代谢率有显著影响(p <0.05 ),性别对静止代谢率的影响不显著,性别和体质量对静止代谢率的影响无交互作用。孔雀鱼的个体静止代谢率( A )与体质量( M )的关系可表示为:ln A =0.858ln M -0.643 ( r2 =0.726 ,n =60 , p <0.05 )。结果提示,尽管孔雀鱼发育非常迅速,但代谢尺度指数仍在文献报道范围内,体质量与代谢率的关系并无特殊性;孔雀鱼的特定体质量静止代谢率高于文献报道的其他鱼类,这可能与该鱼世代周期短、进化速度快有关。
     

温度对中华倒刺鲃静止代谢及低氧耐受的影响

为考查温度对鱼类静止代谢率及低氧耐受能力的影响,本研究以中华倒刺鲃（Spinibarbus sinensis）幼鱼为对象,分别在10、20和30℃条件下驯化2周,随后将实验鱼置于密闭呼吸室中测定静止代谢率,并通过“双线法”推出临界氧压（Pcrit）等相关参数。实验结果显示：随着温度的上升,中华倒刺鲃幼鱼静止代谢率（MO2rest）、Pcrit点所对应代谢率（MO2pcrit）以及临界代谢范围（MMS）均显著上升（p〈0.05）;MO2rest的温度系数（Q10）在10-20 ℃和20-30 ℃间分别为2.54和1.27。而中华倒刺鲃幼鱼Pcrit却不受温度变化的显著影响,表现出一定的保守性。研究表明,中华倒刺鲃幼鱼Pcrit随温度的变化趋势并不与 MO2rest的变化趋势相吻合,这提示随温度的改变中华倒刺鲃可能还启用了其他生理、生化和（或）行为学机制。     

中缅树Qu静止代谢率的研究

测定了分布于我国云南高原的中缅树Ｑｕ（Ｔｕｐａｉａ ｂｅｌａｎｇｅｒｉ）在不同环境温度下的静止代射率（每小时每克体重的耗氧量，ＹＲＭＲ）和体温调节能力，Ｔ．ｂｅｌａｎｇｅｒｉ的体温为（３７．６±０．１５）℃（冬）和（３８．７±０．１３）℃（夏）；体温受环境温度的影响较大；冬夏２季的下临界温度分别为２７．５和３０．０℃；热中性区内的静止代谢率（ＹＢＭＲ）是（１．５６±０．０３）ｍＬ．ｈ＾－１．ｇ＾－     

体质量对雌雄孔雀鱼静止代谢率的影响

在25℃下测定了60尾雌雄各半、不同大小的孔雀鱼(Poecilia reticulata)的静止代谢率(Resting metabolic rate)。结果表明:雄性孔雀鱼(体质量范围为0.16~1.15g)静止代谢率范围为0.03~0.37 mg·h~(-1);雌性孔雀鱼(体质量范围为0.16~2.13g)静止代谢率的范围为0.03~0.44mg·h~(-1)。协方差分析表明,孔雀鱼体质量对静止代谢率有显著影响(p0.05),性别对静止代谢率的影响不显著,性别和体质量对静止代谢率的影响无交互作用。孔雀鱼的个体静止代谢率(A)与体质量(M)的关系可表示为:ln A=0.858ln M-0.643(r2=0.726,n=60,p0.05)。结果提示,尽管孔雀鱼发育非常迅速,但代谢尺度指数仍在文献报道范围内,体质量与代谢率的关系并无特殊性;孔雀鱼的特定体质量静止代谢率高于文献报道的其他鱼类,这可能与该鱼世代周期短、进化速度快有关。     

多疣壁虎静止代谢率的热依赖性研究

本文研究非繁殖期多疣壁虎在５个实验温度中的静止代谢率及其热依赖性。动物体重量与耗氧量呈高度的正相关，因而是影响耗氧量的重要因素之一。多疣壁虎静止代谢率随环境温度升高而显著增加，显示出外温动物的代谢率随温度变化的一般规律。体重设置为４．０ｇ的静止动物在１５℃、２０℃、２５℃、３０℃和３５℃中的静止代谢率矫正平均值分别为６２２．２、７１５．２、７４７．７、８７３．２和９６６．５ｍｌＯ２／ｈ，２０℃和２５℃中动物的耗氧量无显著差异，其余温度间动物的耗氧量均有显著差异。本研究中多疣壁虎的性别与耗氧量无关．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that