红柱石浮选药剂的选择及其作用

研究了红柱石的浮选特点。红柱石在酸性介质中，用烷基磺酸盐可有效浮选，但需联合使用高效抑制剂ＨＦ－１０３，其作用机理是，除本身的亲水性外，对脉石矿物还有明显的去活作用     

废水处理中氢氧化铝与石膏浮选分离的研究

本文研究了矿山酸性废水中和沉淀物——石膏和氢氧化铝的浮选分离方法。试验指出,以十二烷胺醋酸盐为捕收剂、淀粉为抑制剂的阶段中和一浮选法分离松尾矿山废水中的石膏、氢氧化铁和氢氧化铝的方案,可以获得满意的浮选指标。     

硫化钠在铜钼分离浮选上的效果

一在一九五五年曾以硫化钠作为铜钼分离浮选上的抑制剂进行了试验,经过用两种不同的铜钼矿石进行小型试验,并经过工业生产证明:单独或与氰化钠并用做为铜钼分离上的抑制剂,无论在经济指标上或技术指标上,均优于目前使用之氰化钠。东北矿山在一九五○年曾以氰化钠作为铜钼浮选上的抑制剂,一九五五年以该矿石先后用氰化钠与硫化钠分别进行试验,结果看出:氰化钠的药剂使用成本要多于硫化钠二倍以上,同时以硫化钠作抑制剂时的钼精矿含铜量却比使用氰化钠低三(?)四倍。     

HA和石灰组合剂对铜镍硫化矿浮选分离的影响

通过黄铜矿和镍黄铁矿单矿物、混合矿和金川二矿区铜镍硫化矿矿石三产品浮选分离试验,证明在碱性矿浆中,用Z-200作捕收剂,HA和石灰作组合抑制剂,可有效地浮选分离黄铜矿和镍黄铁矿。     

白云石对菱镁矿浮选行为的影响

以油酸钠(NaOL)为捕收剂,六偏磷酸钠为抑制剂研究菱镁矿和白云石浮选行为,并依据动电位、吸附试验和扫描电镜测试结果,探讨了菱镁矿与白云石人工混合矿体系中Ca~(2+)对菱镁矿浮选的影响机理.浮选试验结果表明,六偏磷酸钠对菱镁矿和白云石单矿物有良好的选择抑制作用;但对二者的人工混合矿进行浮选时,两种矿物均受到六偏磷酸钠的抑制,无法实现分离.吸附试验和扫描电镜测试结果表明,在浮选过程中白云石溶解出的Ca~(2+)吸附在菱镁矿表面.动电位测试表明,由于Ca~(2+)的吸附导致菱镁矿与白云石的表面性质趋同,严重影响这两种矿物的浮选分离.     

用新型有机抑制剂选择性浮选分离铁闪锌矿与毒砂

通过浮选试验研究铁闪锌矿和毒砂在丁黄药作用下的浮选行为，以及Cu^2＋和有机抑制剂PALA对它们可浮性的影响。研究结果表明：用丁黄药作捕收剂，铁闪锌矿和毒砂在酸性条件下有良好的可浮性，在碱性条件下可浮性显著降低；经过Cu^2＋活化作用后，铁闪锌矿被强烈活化从而具有良好的可浮性，同时毒砂也受到不同程度的活化，铁闪锌矿与毒砂的可浮性差异仍然较小，达不到浮选分离的目的；有机抑制剂PALA对经过Cu^2＋活化后的2种单矿物表现出选择性的抑制作用，能有效地抑制毒砂的浮选而不影响铁闪锌矿的可浮性，可实现2种矿物的选择性分离；红外光谱分析表明PALA分子中有-COO^-和O=C—NH2等多种官能团，PALA与丁黄药存在竞争吸附；由于PALA携带众多的亲水基团，使得毒砂表面亲水，进而抑制毒砂的浮选；PALA在铁闪锌矿表面的吸附很弱，经过Cu^2＋活化后铁闪锌矿表面明显吸附捕收剂而不吸附PALA，因此，铁闪锌矿具有较好的可浮性。     

组合抑制剂CCSL浮选分离PbS、ZnS与单斜Fe1-x S的研究

进行了组合抑制剂CCSL分离方铅矿、闪锌矿与磁黄铁矿的浮选研究.单矿物浮选实验结果表明,浮选过程添加该组合抑制剂时,磁黄铁矿基本不浮,而方铅矿与闪锌矿的可浮性很好.方铅矿与磁黄铁矿混合矿浮选实验结果表明,添加该组合抑制剂时,方铅矿的浮选回收率可达90%以上,而磁黄铁矿基本不浮,从而很好地实现两种矿物的分离;闪锌矿与磁黄铁矿混合矿浮选实验结果表明,添加该抑制剂时也能实现两种矿物的分离,但分离效果不及方铅矿与磁黄铁矿.X射线光电子能谱、红外光谱、Zeta电位测试表明,CCSL处理后的磁黄铁矿表面的醋酸根吸附不是单纯的物理吸附.紫外吸收光谱扫描结果表明,CCSL中的醋酸根并没有阻碍磁黄铁矿表面双黄药的生成,磁黄铁矿可浮性下降仅仅是由于醋酸根对其造成的亲水性大于双黄药造成的疏水性.CCSL中的醋酸根既与磁黄铁矿中的Fe3+发生亲合,又与水中的H+形成氢键,最终增强了磁黄铁矿的亲水性;而醋酸根对方铅矿和闪锌矿基本没有影响,这是组合抑制剂CCSL能够分离方铅矿、闪锌矿与磁黄铁矿的原因.     

SCMG对煤和蒙脱石浮选分离的影响

以田菁胶、氢氧化钠、一氯乙酸为原料,通过醚化反应合成一种浮选抑制剂羟甲基田菁胶(SCMG),通过矿物浮选实验、药剂吸附实验及X线光电子能谱(XPS)分析,考察SCMG对煤和蒙脱石浮选分离的影响及抑制机理。研究结果表明:SCMG具有良好的选择抑制性,可显著抑制蒙脱石上浮;当其质量分数为500 g/t时与无抑制剂时相比,精煤灰分(质量分数)可降低17.25%;蒙脱石和煤表面对SCMG吸附量的差异是导致SCMG抑制具有选择性的主要因素。蒙脱石和煤对SCMG的吸附过程都趋近于单层吸附,且蒙脱石的Langmuir吸附常数KA大于煤的吸附常数,在矿浆中SCMG会优先吸附在蒙脱石表面;SCMG在煤和蒙脱石表面的吸附可能为化学吸附,在2种矿物表面的吸附厚度分别约为0.26 nm和0.68 nm。     

低品位难选钼中矿的选别试验

在研究福建省某钼矿厂难选低品位钼中矿性质基础之上,通过高效捕收剂、组合抑制剂的优化配伍,结合浮选与重选技术,实现了该钼矿物的高效综合利用,得出合理的浮选流程结构与药剂制度和最佳的重选工艺参数.浮选钼精矿产品品位为45.14%,回收率达到64.7%,钼浮选尾矿由重选可分别获得硫精矿和重选钼精矿,其中重选钼精矿产品品位为3.17%,回收率达到17.2%,整个流程中钼总回收率达到81.9%.     

黑钨矿分离浮选研究

本文研究了铅盐、水玻璃、腐植酸钠对黑钨矿及其主要伴生脉石矿物——石英、电气石,方解石的表面电性质及可浮性。并对黑钨矿与上述伴生矿物组成的人工混合矿进行分离浮选试验。结果表明:在以甲苯胂酸作捕收剂、硝酸铅为活化剂的条件下,分离浮选除应正确选择介质 pH 值和抑制剂外,伴生脉石矿物的种类和含量是重要的影响因素。     

Selective depression mechanism of ferric chromium lignin sulfonate for chalcopyrite–galena flotation separation

Selective recovery of chalcopyrite–galena ore by flotation remains a challenging issue. The development of highly efficient, low-cost, and environmentally friendly depressants for this flotation is necessary because most of available reagents (e.g., K₂Cr₂O₄) are expensive and adversely affect the environment. In this study, ferric chromium lignin sulfonate (FCLS), which is a waste-product from the paper and pulp industry, was introduced as a selective depressant for galena with butyl xanthate (BX) as a collector. Results show that the residue recovery of Pb in Cu concentrate was substantially reduced to 4.73% using FCLS compared with 10.71% using the common depressant K₂Cr₂O₄. The underlying mechanisms were revealed using zeta-potential measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Zeta-potential measurements revealed that FCLS was more efficiently absorbed onto galena than onto chalcopyrite. XPS measurements further suggested that FCLS enhanced the surface oxidation of galena but prevented that of chalcopyrite. Thus, FCLS could be a potential candidate as a depressant for chalcopyrite–galena flotation because of its low cost and its lack of detrimental effects on the environment.     

Comprehensive recovery of gold and base-metal sulfide minerals from a low-grade refractory ore

The comprehensive recovery of small amounts of valuable minerals such as gold and base-metal sulfide minerals from a low-grade refractory ore was investigated. The following treatment strategy was applied to a sample of this ore: gold flotation–gold concentrate leaching–lead and zinc flotation from the gold concentrate leaching residue. Closed-circuit trials of gold flotation yielded a gold concentrate that assayed at 40.23 g·t-1 Au with a recovery of 86.25%. The gold concentrate leaching rate was 98.76%. Two variants of lead-zinc flotation from the residue—preferential flotation of lead and zinc and bulk flotation of lead and zinc—were tested using the middling processing method. Foam from the reflotation was returned to the lead rougher flotation or lead–zinc bulk flotation, whereas middlings from reflotation were discarded. Sulfur concentrate was a byproduct. The combined strategy of flotation, leaching, and flotation is recommended for the treatment of this kind of ore.     

The selective effect of food-grade guar gum on chalcopyrite-monoclinic pyrrhotite separation using mixed aerofloat(CSU11) as collector

The flotation separation of chalcopyrite from monoclinic pyrrhotite using food-grade guar gum(FGG) as a depressant was studied through flotation tests, kinetic studies, dynamic potential measurements, adsorption experiments, and infrared spectral analyses. The microflotation results showed that the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from monoclinic pyrrhotite could not be realized by adding mixed aerofloat(CSU11) alone. The depressant FGG exhibited a selective depression effect on monoclinic pyrrhotite by controlling the pulp pH range from 5.0 to 6.0, with a maximum floatability variation of 79.36% in the presence of CSU11. The flotation kinetics, zeta-potential, adsorption, and infrared spectroscopy studies revealed that the FGG could absorb more strongly on the surface of monoclinic pyrrhotite than on the surface of chalcopyrite. In addition, the results revealed that the interaction of FGG with the monoclinic pyrrhotite surface was governed primarily by strong chemisorption, whereas FGG mainly bonded to chalcopyrite through hydrogen bonding. This difference was responsible for the excellent depression selectivity of FGG toward monoclinic pyrrhotite flotation and weak depression effect toward chalcopyrite flotation.     

The selective effect of food-grade guar gum on chalcopyrite-monoclinic pyrrhotite separation using mixed aerofloat (CSU11) as collector

The flotation separation of chalcopyrite from monoclinic pyrrhotite using food-grade guar gum (FGG) as a depressant was studied through flotation tests, kinetic studies, dynamic potential measurements, adsorption experiments, and infrared spectral analyses. The microflotation results showed that the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from monoclinic pyrrhotite could not be realized by adding mixed aerofloat (CSU11) alone. The depressant FGG exhibited a selective depression effect on monoclinic pyrrhotite by controlling the pulp pH range from 5.0 to 6.0, with a maximum floatability variation of 79.36% in the presence of CSU11. The flotation kinetics, zeta-potential, adsorption, and infrared spectroscopy studies revealed that the FGG could absorb more strongly on the surface of monoclinic pyrrhotite than on the surface of chalcopyrite. In addition, the results revealed that the interaction of FGG with the monoclinic pyrrhotite surface was governed primarily by strong chemisorption, whereas FGG mainly bonded to chalcopyrite through hydrogen bonding. This difference was responsible for the excellent depression selectivity of FGG toward monoclinic pyrrhotite flotation and weak depression effect toward chalcopyrite flotation.     

德兴铜矿铜钼混合精矿高梯度磁分离铜钼的研究

本文进行了振动高梯度磁选分离铜钼的试验研究,初步探讨了将高梯度磁选应用到有色金属选矿领域的可能性。对江西德兴铜矿选厂的铜钼混合精矿进行了试验,取得较好的试验指标。试验结果及理论分析表明:分选前的脱药,分选中适度的振动以及添加合适的分散剂,对提高铜钼分离的分选效率,有着十分重要的作用。     

Effect of reverse flotation on magnetic separation concentrates

Reverse flotation studies on magnetite samples have revealed that the use of starch as a depressant of Fe-oxides has a hydrophilic effect on the surface of Fe-bearing silicates and significantly decreases Fe in the silica-rich stream when used in combination with an amine (Lilaflot D817M). In this study, the effect of reverse flotation on the optimization of products obtained from magnetic separation was investigated. Two different magnetic samples, zones 1 and 2, were milled to <75 μm and then subjected to low intensity magnetic separation (LIMS). The LIMS test conducted on the <75 μm shown an upgrade of 46.40wt% Fe, 28.40wt% SiO₂ and 2.61wt% MnO for zone 1 and 47.60wt% Fe, 29.17wt% SiO₂ and 0.50wt% MnO for zone 2. Further milling of the ore to <25 μm resulted in a higher magnetic-rich product after magnetic separation. Reverse flotation tests were conducted on the agitated magnetic concentrate feed, and the result shows a significant upgrade of Fe compared to that obtained from the non-agitated feed. Iron concentrations greater than 69%, and SiO₂ concentrations less than 2% with overall magnetite recoveries greater than 67% and 71% were obtained for zones 1 and 2, respectively.     

改性水玻璃在萤石矿浮选中的应用及抑制机理

在对某碳酸盐型高泥萤石矿的选矿试验中,采用了新型抑制剂和新的流程:在常规条件下通过一次粗选脱除大部分矿泥和部分方解石,然后再进行方解石和萤石的浮选分离,经过一段磨矿—两粗—五精—两扫的选别流程获得了合格的精矿;其中精矿中CaF2品位95.37%,CaCO3品位3.06%,CaF2回收率76.61%,最终尾矿CaF2品位12.36%.研究表明,改性水玻璃NSOH中对方解石起主要抑制作用的为胶态硅酸和SiO2(OH)22-离子,并得出各组分对矿物抑制能力的顺序:SiO2(OH)22->Si(OH)4>HSiO3-.其抑制作用主要是由于不同矿物对胶态硅酸和SiO2(OH)22-离子的吸附能力不同,其...     

Leaching of a copper flotation concentrate with ammonium persulfate in an autoclave system

The leaching behavior of a copper flotation concentrate was investigated using ammonium persulfate (APS) in an autoclave system. The decomposition products of APS, active oxygen, and acidic medium were used to extract metals from the concentrate. Leaching experiments were performed to compare the availability of APS as an oxidizing agent for leaching of the concentrate under atmospheric conditions and in an autoclave system. Leaching temperature and APS concentration were found to be important parameters in both leaching systems. Atmospheric leaching studies showed that the metal extractions increased with the increase in APS concentration and temperature (up to 333 K). A similar tendency was determined in the autoclave studies up to 423 K. It was also determined that the metal extractions decreased at temperatures above 423 K due to the passivation of the particle surface by molten elemental sulfur. The results showed that higher copper extractions could be achieved using an autoclave system.     

一种确定选矿指标的经济分析方法

采用一种经济优化分析方法,确定某赤铁矿的浮选精矿的最佳产率和品位,使其经济效益最大化.针对该赤铁矿,首先选用NaOH,淀粉,CaO,RA515作为反浮选药剂,并通过大量的浮选试验,确定各药剂的用量范围;然后通过正交试验建立了精矿品位、产率与各种浮选药剂用量之间的回归模型.根据精矿价格与品位的关系,建立优化模型,最终采用经济优化分析方法得出当浮选精矿品位和产率分别为61.95%和61.19%时,每百吨原矿收入达到6.9万元的最大值.实例验证了这种方法的简单和实用性.