基于运动想象的双脑脑机接口系统设计与鼠标控制应用

脑机接口是在大脑与外部设备之间建立的直接交流通道,是脑科学的重要研究领域。目前,单被试脑机接口研究已经较为成熟,关于双脑协作的脑机接口研究还比较少。本文设计实现了一种基于运动想象的双脑协作在线脑机接口系统,利用两套脑电放大器、协同控制技术实现了系统的硬件平台搭建。算法控制部分采用信息论特征提取算法,选取共空间模式的最优空域模式和支持向量机分类,实现了双脑协作控制鼠标移动并到达指定目标。本文采用初始位置到目标位置的实际步长与理论最短步长比评价系统性能,4组(8人)的平均步长比值为1.32。研究提供了一种双脑协作脑机接口的设计方案,可用于协同控制多维度目标、提高信息传输速率、研究脑间同步、团队决策等方面的关键技术,为脑机接口进一步发展提供了新思路。     

基于多导联脑电时空信息的情感分类研究

为探究脑电空间关联信息与不同情感状态之间对应关系，基于SEED(SJTU Emotion EEG Dataset)情感脑电数据集，计算实验采集的不同导联脑电的皮尔逊相关系数，通过小波变换获取脑电导联之间的小波相干系数，利用Hilbert变换提取各个导联脑电的瞬时相位，计算脑电相位同步指数。然后分别将皮尔逊相关系数、小波相干系数、相位同步指数作为特征，采用支持向量机分类器实现正性、负性、中性三种情感状态的有效分类。仿真结果表明，脑电的空间关联特征用于情感识别是有效的，可以达到91.5%的情感识别精度；利用脑电微分熵的皮尔逊相关系数获得了93.7%的平均分类准确率；并且脑电γ节律相比α、β节律更有利于情感识别。该研究可以应用于情感脑机接口系统。     

基于傅里叶变换的脑机接口系统实现方法

脑机接口系统要求实时的处理速度和较高的准确识别率.在对脑电信号进行幅频分析和相同步分析的基础上,提出一种意识任务识别在线脑机接口系统实现方法.提取谱峰和相同步相干性指数作为反映大脑运动意识任务状态的特征参量,设计基于信息积累的时变线性分类器,对左右手想象意识任务进行识别,获得了满意的结果,最大分类正确率达到90.72%.研究结果表明,谱峰特征是事件相关去同步/同步的一个敏感的量化参数,结合相同步相干性指数能够提供更多反映大脑意识任务状态的信息.该方法采用快速傅里叶变换和线性判别式分析,特征提取和分类算法简单,计算速度快.为在线脑机接口系统的实现提供了新的思路和途径.     

基于小波包能量的脑电信号特征提取方法

在脑机接口研究中,针对运动想象脑电信号的特征抽取,提出了一种基于小波包变换和AR模型的特征提取方法.该方法首先利用小波包变换对大脑C3和C4处采集的2路运动想象脑电信号进行3层分解,抽取小波系数的能量特征;然后,利用Burg算法提取脑电信号的5阶AR模型系数;最后,将这2类特征组合,使用基于马氏距离的线性判别分类器对左右手运动想象脑电模式进行分类,正确率达到91.43%.该方法提取的特征向量较好地反应了运动想象脑电信号的事件相关去同步和事件相关同步的变化时程,为BCI研究中脑电信号的模式识别提供了新的思路.此外,该方法的识别率高,复杂性低,适合应用于在线脑机接口中.     

单次运动想象脑电的特征提取和分类

为了实现脑-计算机接口(BCI)系统,对运动想象脑电信号的特征进行了提取和分类.将大脑C3,C4处采集的二路运动想象脑电信号分成4段,分别建立六阶AR参数模型进行功率谱估计,再对每段数据的功率谱求和构造特征矢量,提供给误差反向传播算法进行左右手运动想象脑电模式分类.结果表明,该方法提取的特征向量较好地反应了运动想象脑电信号的事件相关去同步(ERD)和事件相关同步(ERS)的变化时程.另外,该方法识别率高,复杂性低,适合在线脑-计算机接口的应用.     

基于脑电的脑机接口刺激系统的研制

脑机接口(BCI)是在人脑和外界之间建立不依赖于常规大脑信息输出通路的一种通讯系统.脑机接口刺激系统的作用是通过对受试者施加一定的外界刺激来诱发具有一定特征的脑电波.本研究基于多种刺激模式的脑机接口视觉刺激器,采用计算机编程,在计算机屏幕上实现了基于VEP、P300、想象运动的3类刺激模式.该系统能够通过特定的刺激从而有效地诱发出可识别特征的脑电信号,采用XML技术使得该刺激系统具有较强的可扩展性,可以满足脑机接口实验的需要.     

基于脑电的无创脑机接口研究进展

 脑机接口在脑与外部环境之间建立一种全新的不依赖于外周神经和肌肉的交流与控制通道，从而实现脑与外部设备的直接交互。脑电因具有非侵入式、易于使用及设备价格低廉等特点而被广泛应用于脑机接口。本文回顾了基于脑电的无创脑机接口的研究历史，从脑机接口的类型、应用及面临的挑战3个方面综述了脑机接口的研究现状，并展望了脑机接口的未来发展前景。     

基于信息积累技术的大脑运动意识任务分类

提出了将信息积累技术结合Fisher判别式分析的方法,实现大脑想象左右手运动意识任务的连续分类,获得了满意的结果.利用Morlet小波滤波方法提取优化的运动相关脑电特征,对两组实验数据4个受试者的运动相关脑电模式进行分类,平均最大分类正确率达到87.95%.通过最大分类正确率、最大互信息等评价指标的比较,验证了信息积累技术对改善大脑运动意识任务分类性能的有效性,从而为脑机接口系统应用中大脑运动意识任务分类提供了新的思路.     

注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童神经反馈治疗前后 脑电信号相位同步分析

本研究比较theta/beta神经反馈治疗前后ADHD儿童脑电相位同步的改变,分析不同脑区脑电相位耦合情况。研究数据为神经反馈前后16例ADHD儿童和16例健康儿童闭眼静息态脑电,计算theta和beta频段左右半球中心区与各脑区相位同步。研究结果表明,神经反馈治疗后左右半球中心区与前额叶、左颞中叶的theta频段相位同步显著降低,与右半球颞叶的相位同步显著增加;beta频段额叶、中心区、顶叶和枕叶的相位同步性显著增加,左颞中叶相位同步性降低,右颞叶相位同步性增加,并趋向健康儿童水平。神经反馈训练对脑电相位同步有积极的影响,相位同步分析法结合ADHD临床量表将更加充分、准确地评估ADHD神经反馈治疗效果。     

运动想象脑机接口的判别迁移特征学习与分类

为了解决不同时间采集的运动想象脑电数据之间存在的分布差异,避免跨时段使用前长时间的重校准步骤,提出了一种基于判别迁移特征学习（discriminative transfer feature learning, DTFL）的运动想象分类方法。DTFL通过联合匹配源域和目标域之间的边缘分布和类条件分布来减少域间的差异,同时最大化类间距离和最小化类内距离来保留类判别信息,从而提升对运动想象的分类性能。基于DTFL的运动想象分类方法无需目标域脑电样本的类别信息,可以有效避免长时间的校准。在脑机接口竞赛数据集上的实验结果表明,DTFL显著优于其他迁移学习方法,有效缓解跨域分布的不一致性,提高了运动想象的分类正确率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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