磁性Ca/Al水滑石对活性艳红X-3B吸附的响应曲面法优化

采用超声辅助法以超顺磁性铁氧体材料对制备的Ca/Al水滑石进行复合改性合成磁性Ca/Al水滑石,并研究其对活性艳红X-3B模拟染料废水的吸附性能。考察了磁性Ca/Al水滑石吸附剂剂量、吸附时间和初始pH值对活性艳红X-3B染料废水脱色效果的影响,采用Design-Expert软件对吸附条件进行了Box-Behnken响应曲面法优化。实验结果表明:当吸附剂剂量为7.6g/L,吸附时间为32.3min,初始pH值为6.9时,该材料对活性艳红X-3B染料的理论最大脱色率为94.2%.由于材料自身的磁性特性,吸附后的悬浊液在外加磁场的作用下,能够实现磁性水滑石的快速回收。同时,对回收再生磁性Ca/Al水滑石的吸附性能进行了研究,发现在吸附-解吸3次循环后仍然有很好的脱色效果,表明该磁性Ca/Al水滑石是一种极具潜力的新型染料吸附剂。     

微波煅烧酸活化改性赤泥的制备及其除Cr(Ⅵ)性能研究

以拜耳法赤泥为原料,通过微波煅烧-酸活化联合处理制备改性赤泥,重点考察改性赤泥吸附剂的制备条件及其加入量、废水p H值、反应时间对吸附去除废水中Cr(Ⅵ)效果的影响;采用比表面积仪(BET)和X-射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)对改性赤泥吸附剂进行表征,探讨了赤泥改性机理。结果表明:在微波煅烧-酸活化联合作用下,赤泥比表面积显著增大,其吸附除Cr(Ⅵ)的能力增强。微波功率为300 W、煅烧时间为20 min、盐酸浓度为3.0 mol/L、吸附剂粒径为120~180μm的改性赤泥吸附剂除Cr(Ⅵ)的能力最佳;在25℃,废水p H值为5.0,吸附反应时间为120 min,吸附剂加入量为12 g/L时,废水中Cr(Ⅵ)去除率达98.9%,溶液p H显著影响Cr(Ⅵ)去除效果。此外,吸附饱和的改性赤泥可通过0.2 mol/L Na OH溶液脱附,脱附率达到95.1%。     

甘蔗渣微波制备活性炭吸附剂及其再生研究

以甘蔗渣为原料,氯化锌、磷酸和氢氧化钠为活化剂,微波制备活性炭吸附剂,考察了活化剂浓度、料液比、浸渍时间、微波功率和辐射时间等对活性炭产率和吸附性能的影响.活性炭指标为:亚甲基蓝吸附值136 mL/g,碘的吸附值1 163.7mg/g,A法焦糖脱色率108.9%,优于国家一级品指标.用该活性炭处理酱油模拟废液后再生,其亚甲基蓝吸附值为105mL/g,碘的吸附值为1 186.4mg/g,A法焦糖脱色率为111.5%,仍优于国家一级品指标,并且再生活性炭对酱油废液具有更佳的处理效果.该方法操作方便,缩短了活性炭的制备和再生时间,再生效果好.     

微波对吸附氨氮饱和沸石的再生

以吸附氨氮饱和的斜发沸石为研究对象,分别采用单独微波辐射及微波辅助溶剂法对其进行再生研究.研究发现,单独微波辐射再生效果较差,功率462 W,微波辐射12min,饱和沸石再次去除率为32.31%,再生率仅为44.88%;添加NaCl和NaOH混合液可以大大增强饱和沸石的再生效果,在NaCl和NaOH混合液浓度均为0.01mol/L,固液比1∶50,功率700W,微波辐射4min时,最佳去除率为71.92%,再生率接近100%.通过FTIR,SEM,EDS等测试手段对改性、吸附、再生前后的沸石分析发现,沸石在改性、吸附、再生过程中主要发生的是不同阳离子间交换过程.微波辐射加速了NH4+与Na+交换过程且加深了离子交换平衡程度,因此微波辅助溶剂法具有再生迅速、完全,多次再生效果基本不衰减的优点.     

微波再生含VOCs的高聚物吸附树脂

分别采用极性、弱极性和非极性高聚物树脂作为吸附剂,苯和甲苯为吸附质,对微波再生吸附树脂的过程进行了研究,通过实验分析了吸附剂和吸附质性质对微波再生效率的影响,结果表明：对于饱和吸附挥发性有机物（VOCs）的树脂,使用微波再生法比常规的热再生法不仅有更高的脱附速率和再生率,而且微波再生的床层温度要远低于热再生的床温度,这表明微波具有选择性的特征;在微波场作用下,吸附剂床层的温升取决于所装填吸附剂的极性,极性大者,温升也较大;对于相同的吸附质,微波再生效率随吸附剂极性的增加而减小;对于相同的吸附树脂,在微波场作用下,苯比甲苯更容易脱付。     

新型微波技术再生载甲苯活化秸秆炭

采用微波加热制备的活化秸秆炭作为吸附剂,通过微波法和电加热法对载甲苯活化秸秆炭进行再生。在确保再生率99%以上的前提下,测定了这两种方法的加热时间、再生效率和能耗等参数。结果表明：经过5次吸附-微波辐射再生之后,吸附量基本保持原有新鲜活化秸秆炭吸附量的为33%;恒功率微波加热法、恒温微波加热法和电加热法所需要的时间分别为1、10和120min;从能耗角度看,微波再生法恒功率（600W）和恒温（150℃）的能耗分别为4.5和9.0kJ/g,而电加热法的能耗则为36kJ/g。因此,微波再生法是一种节能、环保和高效的再生方法,为工业化应用奠定了基础数据。     

活性炭吸附苯酚及其微波辐照再生效果

考察预处理后颗粒活性炭(GAC)对苯酚的吸附行为,探讨微波辐照再生吸附苯酚活性炭的机理,确定GAC达到吸附平衡的时间及吸附过程符合的等温吸附模型.实验结果表明:3 h后GAC吸附基本达到平衡,吸附过程符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,最大平衡吸附量为143.7 mg/g.对吸附饱和苯酚GAC进行微波辐照再生研究,实验结果表明:最佳的再生条件为微波功率520 W,再生时间15 min,GAC用量为6 g,此时GAC再生效率为86.5%.     

吸附法处理对苯二甲酸精制单元的废水

生产精对苯二甲酸(PTA)时,往往产生大量废水.在初步筛选实验条件的基础上,选择颗粒活性炭(GAC)作为吸附剂处理经过预处理的PTA精制废水.考察了接触时间、pH、GAC用量等因素对废水中有机污染物去除效果的影响.结果表明,吸附平衡时间为2 h,pH在3.0左右对吸附较为有利,吸附等温线符合Frendlich型,GAC的动态吸附容量为63.46 mg/g,可以用20%的NaOH溶液对GAC进行再生,浸泡5 h后的再生率接近90%.     

碳纳米管泡沫体的制备及其对腐植酸的吸附性能

以碳纳米管、聚氨酯发泡剂为主要原料制备出一种新型高效吸附剂,研究了其对天然水中腐植酸的吸附特性.试验中考察了腐植酸溶液pH值与初始浓度、吸附剂用量与吸附时间对吸附过程与效果的影响.试验发现,碳纳米管泡沫体对腐植酸吸附平衡时间约为5 h;在酸性（pH为3.5）及偏酸性条件下（pH为5.5）,1%CNT泡沫体对腐植酸吸附率高;在腐植酸初始浓度低于20 mg/L与在20~40 mg/L时,其吸附率分别为100%和大于80%.研究结果表明,碳纳米管泡沫体是一种新型高效的吸附剂,在酸性与偏酸性条件下对天然水中腐植酸有很好的吸附效果,碳纳米管泡沫体吸附腐植酸符合Langmuir模型.     

碳纳米管促进丙烯酸系水凝胶对染料吸附性能的研究

采用水溶液聚合法合成了碳纳米管水凝胶,与未添加碳纳米管的水凝胶同时进行了SEM分析和FTIR分析。选用碱性藏花红,结晶紫,孔雀石绿和亚甲基蓝四种染料,考察了两种水凝胶对四种染料的吸附能力及重复再生能力。实验结果表明,碳纳米管水凝胶与未加碳纳米管的水凝胶相比,对染料的吸附量有显著提高,多次再生后仍有较好吸附效果,可作为染料废水处理中一种良好的吸附剂。     

石墨烯改性有机膨润土吸附性能及其动力学

为提高有机膨润土的吸附性能,采用微波合成法,以石墨烯对有机膨润土进行改性,制备一种吸附效果好且回收效率高的新型石墨烯改性有机膨润土复合材料,研究其结构和吸附性能,探讨新吸附材料的作用机理。通过扫描电镜、红外光谱和X射线衍射对有机膨润土及石墨烯改性有机膨润土进行表征,并将其用于水中腐殖酸的吸附。结果表明：石墨烯与有机膨润土均匀复合,有机膨润土的层间距由1.37 nm增大至2.68 nm;当温度为25℃、pH值为6、吸附剂的用量为5 g·L-1及吸附时间为1 h时,溶液中腐殖酸的去除率达到95.52%;石墨烯改性有机膨润土对腐殖酸的吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型和准二级动力学模型,最大理论吸附量为52.08 mg·g-1,且为放热反应。利用0.1 mol·L-1 NaOH溶液对石墨烯改性有机膨润土进行解吸再生,5次再生后其对腐殖酸的去除率为86.3%。     

Synergistic effect of microwave irradiation and CaF<Subscript>2</Subscript> on vanadium leaching

The effect and mechanism of microwave irradiation on vanadium leaching were studied via a comparison between microwave heating and conventional heating. The results show a synergistic effect of microwave irradiation and calcium fluoride (CaF₂) on the vanadium leaching efficiency. It is confirmed that the vanadium leaching process can be improved by microwave irradiation when CaF₂ is present. The leaching rate of vanadium under microwave irradiation is increased by 8%-15% when 5wt% CaF₂ is added; by contrast, in the absence of CaF₂, the leaching rate is almost unaffected compared to that by conventional heating. Morphological analysis reveals that the particles are gradually eroded by acid under microwave irradiation, whereas some of the fine particles in samples subjected to conventional heating are tightly covered by a flocculent silicate product. Moreover, a large amount of Al and V and a small amount of Si are dissolved from samples under microwave heating, as revealed by the elemental analysis of leachates. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis also indicates a higher mass transfer coefficient in the diffusion layer of the raw material by microwave irradiation. When CaF₂ is present, the reaction energy barrier is lowered and the leaching process is controlled by the tightly covered product layer, resulting in a prominent effect of microwave irradiation.     

Preparation of manganese sulfate from low-grade manganese carbonate ores by sulfuric acid leaching

In this study, a method for preparing pure manganese sulfate from low-grade ores with a granule mean size of 0.47 mm by direct acid leaching was developed. The effects of the types of leaching agents, sulfuric acid concentration, reaction temperature, and agitation rate on the leaching efficiency of manganese were investigated. We observed that sulfuric acid used as a leaching agent provides a similar leaching efficiency of manganese and superior selectivity against calcium compared to hydrochloric acid. The optimal leaching conditions in sulfuric acid media were determined; under the optimal conditions, the leaching efficiencies of Mn and Ca were 92.42% and 9.61%, respectively. Moreover, the kinetics of manganese leaching indicated that the leaching follows the diffusion-controlled model with an apparent activation energy of 12.28 kJ·mol-1. The purification conditions of the leaching solution were also discussed. The results show that manganese dioxide is a suitable oxidant of ferrous ions and sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate is an effective precipitant of heavy metals. Finally, through chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis, the obtained product was determined to contain 98% of MnSO₄·H₂O.     

微波耦合铁基催化剂辅助废塑料裂解脱氢研究

塑料裂解脱氢可以实现废塑料的高值化利用。与传统塑料热解相比，微波催化可以在较短时间内实现更高的H₂产率和转化率。对比研究了不同结构的Fe基催化剂在微波场下对塑料脱氢产率的影响，探讨了催化剂组成与塑料脱氢活性之间的作用机制。结果表明，Al₂O₃负载型Fe催化剂和Fe-Al复合氧化物均可以获得较高的H₂产率，并促进碳纳米管的生成，后者的H₂产率可达46 mmol/g。通过X 射线衍射和穆斯堡尔谱的表征分析，发现催化剂的微波吸收性能、催化剂中铁的形态和分散度是决定塑料在微波场下裂解脱氢性能的重要因素。此外，采用SiC管反应器屏蔽微波电磁场，研究了微波对塑料裂解脱氢反应的影响。在相同的温度条件下，SiC管反应器中的塑料裂解脱氢性能显著下降，证明微波电磁场对塑料裂解脱氢反应具有促进作用。     

不同溶剂及配比对碳纳米管辅助薄层色谱拆分盐酸普萘洛尔的影响

 以羟丙基-β-环糊精、甲基-β-环糊精为手性固定相,氧化多壁碳纳米管为拆分辅助吸附添加剂,采用薄层色谱法拆分了盐酸普萘洛尔对映体。优化得到了最佳展开剂条件,并对展开剂中是否添加冰醋酸进行了比较。当以羟丙基-β-环糊精/氧化多壁碳纳米管为固定相制备薄层色谱板,用于拆分盐酸普萘洛尔时,最佳的展开剂条件为：乙腈/异丁醇（体积比为9:1）混合溶剂中添加体积分数为2%的冰醋酸。当以甲基-β-环糊精/氧化多壁碳纳米管为固定相制备薄层色谱板,用于拆分盐酸普萘洛尔时,最佳的展开剂条件为：乙腈/正丁醇（体积比为1：1）混合溶剂中添加体积分数为2%的冰醋酸。     

TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化合成肉桂酸甲酯

采用高压微波辐射技术，以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40／TiO2为多相催化剂，通过甲醇和肉桂酸反应合成肉桂酸甲酯。实验结果表明，TiSiW12O40／TiO2是合成肉桂酸甲酯的良好催化剂，最佳反应条件为：n(醇)：n(酸)=5：1，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的2．0％，微波功率729W，辐射时间3min．产品平均收率97．4％。     

废轮胎热解炭吸附性能研究

研究了粒径为40～400 μm废轮胎颗粒在450～800℃条件下,以15～40 ℃/min升温速率经0.5～2 h进行热解获得的热解炭对亚甲基蓝、腐殖酸、苯酚和Cu²⁺的吸附能力,考察了不同热解条件对其吸附能力的影响,探讨了吸附剂用量、初始浓度、pH、温度、时间对吸附能力的影响。研究结果表明,热解条件对吸附能力的影响排序为温度>时间>粒径>升温速率。400 μm胶粉以40 ℃/min升温速率,在800 ℃条件下热解1.5 h,所获得的热解炭不经活化,其比表面积S_BET可达114 m²/g,能有效吸附Cu²⁺、亚甲基蓝和腐殖酸,但对苯酚的吸附能力较弱,对Cu²⁺、亚甲基蓝和腐殖酸的适宜吸附条件分别为热解炭投加量分别为1、2 、1.5 g/L,平衡吸附时间分别为2、1、3 h,吸附质初始浓度分别为120、100、6 mg/L,pH分别为4.5～6、1.0、8.0。未经活化的废轮胎热解炭可作为商业活性炭的廉价替代品,其适宜的吸附质为重金属及较大分子类型的有机物。     

Dieldrin and endrin removal from water by triolein-embedded adsorbent

A novel triolein-embedded adsorbent for removal of persistent organic pollutants （POPs） from water was developed. In this paper, taking dieldrin and endrin as the target pollutants, different factors （temperature, ion strength, pH, and concentration of humic acid） that affect the adsorption rate were investigated. Adsorption isotherms of these two pollutants fitted to Freundlich model well identified the partition mechanism between the adsorbent and water. However, the equilibrium constant of dieldrin was larger than that of endrin due to larger octanoi-water coefficient of dieldrin. Adsorption rate of dieldrin increased with the increase of temperature, the decrease of ion strength, pH and concentration of humic acid, whereas adsorption rate of endrin decreased with the increase of temperature and pH. Humic acid firstly increased, and then decreased the adsorption rate of endrin. Ion strength hardly affected the adsorption rate of endrin.     

The comparison of Cu（ll） adsorption capability of baker＇s yeast,nano-titania and their composite adsorbent

The anatase nano-TiO2 powder, with crystal size between 40 and 80 nm, was prepared by the liquid phase hydrolysis of TiCI4. At the same time, the nano-TiO2 was utilized with the baker＇s yeast biomass as a composite adsorbent to adsorb the Cu ions in the artificial aqueous solution. The investigation showed that the composite adsorbent had a fine adsorption efficiency. The TiO2 in the composite adsorbent could cooperate well with baker＇s yeast to improve the adsorbing capability of Cu^2＋ under the following experimental conditions as well： a quantity of composite adsorbent of 5 g·L^-1, pH≥4.0, an adsorption time of 40 min and an initial concentration of Cu ions of 10 mg·L^-1. In addition, the results of measurements, obtained with a scanning electron microscope, an infrared spectrophotometer and a Zeta potential analyzer, revealed that the baker＇s yeast and nano-TiO2 produced the composite adsorbent through coordination and hydrogen bonds in particular, etc. The stability of the composite adsorbent and the amount of titania loaded were largely dependent on the concentration of hydrogen ion in the solution.