藏北改则—色哇地区的蛇绿岩特征

藏北改则-色哇缝合带的蛇绿岩,与特罗多斯、岛湾的蛇绿岩剖面对比,区别是厚度小和缺乏席状岩墙。该区的变质超镁铁岩属阿尔卑斯橄榄岩-蛇纹岩组合,其化学成分与玄武岩互补,说明玄武岩浆系地幔岩分熔的产物。     

新疆富蕴扎河坝地区蛇绿岩带基本特征及大地构造意义

扎河坝地区蛇绿岩带属扎河坝—阿尔曼太蛇绿岩带之组成部分，主要由无序的蛇纹岩、变辉长岩、变辉绿岩及少量变质基性火山岩、硅质岩构成其主体。常见外来混杂岩块。据其组合特征可分为蛇绿岩、混杂岩两亚带。经初步研究认为：蛇绿岩为残留洋壳的一部分，其形成时代为奥陶纪—志留纪。加里东晚期洋壳发生转化，至泥盆纪发育一套中基性海相沟弧型火山岩组合。因此，该带及其北部至额尔齐斯带南缘地区，应为西伯利亚板块华力西增生带。     

对北祁连中段皇城一带蛇绿岩的初步认识

北祁连造山带是我国蛇绿岩保存较为完整的地区,空间分布有南北两个带,南带西自鹰嘴山经川刺沟至白银,发育寒武纪末—早奥陶世洋脊环境蛇绿岩,北带自昌马经民乐童子坝至景泰老虎山,以奥陶世蛇绿岩为主。在野外地质调查的基础上,对北祁连中段皇城南直河一带发育的蛇绿岩地质特征、火山岩组合及其成矿特征提出初步认识,以引起对该区地质研究和勘查找矿的关注。     

蛇绿岩套研究现状、科学问题及新思考

蛇绿岩套是运用板块构造理论解释造山带构造演化的关键,合理理解蛇绿岩套的形成、演化有助于构建与板块构造理论吻合的造山带演化模型。经典的蛇绿岩套发育由地幔橄榄岩、堆晶辉长岩、枕状玄武岩-深海沉积岩组成的“三位一体”岩石组合,与现代洋中脊新形成的大洋岩石圈具有相同的岩石组合及岩石空间分布样式。地球化学家们在经典蛇绿岩套定义基础上,根据玄武质岩石地球化学特征的变化,提出了“俯冲带之上(SSZ)蛇绿岩套”概念,并对其划分亚类、构建相应的概念性成因模型,从而引发了“在俯冲汇聚阶段能否发生岩石圈裂解、形成新生洋壳”的“蛇绿岩难题”。针对阿尔卑斯-喜马拉雅造山系内的两个典型SSZ型蛇绿岩套的详细解剖表明,部分SSZ型蛇绿岩套的定义可能存在玄武质岩石“年代误植”、“构造背景误植”问题。前人定义的伊朗克尔曼沙赫弧前蛇绿岩套、巴基斯坦拉斯科赫弧间蛇绿岩套均由两部分组成：下部为形成于洋中脊环境、时代较老的大洋岩石圈残片;其上分别被年轻的弧前盆地和岛弧相关火山-沉积岩组合不整合覆盖。显然,大部分SSZ型蛇绿岩套是经典洋中脊蛇绿岩套残片与形成于其他构造环境(如大陆裂谷、俯冲带)的火山-沉积岩序列的组合体,并不存在...     

论新疆东准噶尔蛇绿岩的时代及其意义

讨论了位于新疆准噶尔盆地东北缘的克拉麦里和阿尔曼太两条蛇绿岩带。侧重从蛇绿岩自身的同位素定年、伴生组分的微体古生物和蛇绿岩带的区域构造等方面系统阐述这两条蛇绿岩带的时代。作者得到的新认识是：这两条蛇绿岩带所代表的古洋发育的时代相近,可能从新元古代晚期开始孕育,发育的鼎盛时期是寒武纪至早、中奥陶世,晚奥陶世到早志留民为其萎缩、闭合时期,这个新认识在重建古亚洲洋和认识北疆大陆地壳演化历史方面都有重要意义。     

大陆造山带古洋盆恢复的有关问题讨论

对涉及古洋盆恢复的有关问题，诸如蛇绿岩的内涵与外延、造山带的结构构造特征、岩浆活动的特征、性质及时空分布规律等进行讨论。认为古洋盆恢复应以构造活动为主线，结合造山带地质体的变形、变质、岩浆活动、地球化学和同位素年龄等进行综合研究。     

西藏南部日喀则蛇绿岩中角闪岩的Sr-Nd同位素地球化学研究

藏南雅江带中段蛇绿岩中产出的角闪岩是支撑蛇绿岩侵位的变质底板。追溯其源区特征有助于深刻解译雅江带蛇绿岩侵位过程。对雅江带中段日喀则白朗蛇绿岩中包裹的石榴石单斜辉石角闪岩与单斜辉石角闪岩地球化学特征进行了系统研究,并将其与邻区路曲和吉定基性岩进行对比,从而厘定白朗角闪岩的源区性质和形成过程。研究显示,两种角闪岩微量元素配分型式总体与N-MORB类似,但具有K、U、Pb正异常和Nb、Ta、Ti负异常等岛弧玄武岩特征,且其Sr同位素相对正常,N-MORB明显偏移向俯冲带岛弧相关环境。此外,白朗地区两种角闪岩与路曲和吉定基性岩的ε_(Nd)(t)=+7.95～+11.18,处于印度洋MORB范围内。综合以上地球化学特征认为,虽然两类角闪岩具有典型MORB型源区特征,但均遭受过俯冲带流体的改造。同时,日喀则蛇绿岩代表的特提斯地幔域与印度洋地幔域具有相似的地球化学特征,指示现今印度洋继承了特提斯地幔域特有的地球化学属性。该研究对进一步明确新特提斯洋俯冲特征提供了新的认识。     

北秦岭—桐柏蛇绿岩套的地球化学和构造背景

本文提供北秦岭—桐柏加里东构造—岩浆带中蛇绿岩套的地层层序,岩石化学和地球化学资料,并讨论其形成的构造背景。该蛇绿岩套地层层序自下向上可分为六个单元:(1) 构造定位的超镁铁岩带;(2) 第一期细碧—角斑岩系;(3) 硅质岩;(4) 复理石建造;(5) 第二期细碧—角斑岩系;(6) 火山沉积岩系。岩石学、岩石化学、地球化学及稀土模式特征均表明该岩套是在加里东优地槽——弧后盆地中形成的;火山—沉积岩系是“原地”成因的。华北和华南两古板块之间曾长期存在古海洋,并在海西期实现拼贴对接和古大洋的消失。     

福建泉州蛇绿岩及其构造肢解

长乐-南澳断裂带北段分布的一系列基性——超基性岩块可以区分出四类岩石:变质橄栏岩、超镁铁质堆积杂岩、堆晶层状辉长岩和块状辉长岩,它们组成了泉州蛇绿岩,属科迪勒拉型,代表早期边缘海盆地或弧间盆地的上部地幔和洋壳。早白垩世晚期,闽台微大陆与闽浙中生代火山弧碰撞拼贴过程中,泉州蛇绿岩被构造肢解,形成 NW 向逆冲就位的长基超基性推覆岩席和 SE 向剪切逆冲就位的青兰山辉长岩岩块。构造肢解的泉州蛇绿岩构成了深层弧前混杂带。     

川西元古代蛇绿岩与扬子板块西缘元古代造山带

川西盐边、石棉两地的基性超基性杂岩和火山岩系为世界上少见的元古代高钛到蛇绿岩,这意味着该区曾经历过海洋化过程和板块运动。故康定至攀枝花一线的“康滇地轴”应为原始扬子板块西缘的元古代造山带。文章评述了该区蛇绿岩及有关基性超基性杂岩的研究现状,提出重建该造山带地质历史的思路和线索。     

西昆仑早古生代构造演化及其对塔西南盆地的影响

在板块构造理论基础上，通过区内蛇绿岩、与俯冲有关的岩浆岩及相关沉积等综合研究，对西昆仑早古生代构造演化进行了重建：震旦纪－寒武纪西昆仑从塔里木大陆分裂出去，并在它们之间形成“昆仑洋”；寒武纪－奥陶纪“昆仑洋”洋壳向南俯冲于西仑之下，形成库地俯冲带、库地弧前盆地、西昆仑早古生代火山弧及麻扎－黑卡弧后盆地；志留纪－早泥盆世，“昆仑洋”消失，西昆仑早古生代火山弧与塔里木大陆碰撞，并形成塔里木前陆冲断带和泥盆纪前陆盆地磨拉石及塔里木大陆内泥盆纪的“红层相”     

Eclogites in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau and their geodynamic implications

Eclogites have been recently reported in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau, including in the central Qiangtang metamorphic belt, in the Basu metamorphic massif of the eastern Bangong-Nujiang suture zone, and at Songdo and Pengco in the eastern Lhasa terrane. Some typical ultrahigh-pressure （UHP） metamorphic phenomena, e.g., garnet exsolution from clinopyroxene, were documented in the Basu and Pengco eclogites. The UHP metamorphism in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau marked by these eclogites generally took place in the Early Mesozoic. Along with exhumation of these eclogites, （post-） collision-related magmatism extensively occurred around the central Qiangtang belt, the eastern Bangong-Nujiang suture zone, and the eastern Lhasa terrane. The occurrence of these Early Mesozoic eclogites manifests an out-of-sequence evolution of the Tethys, and they could be a product of diachronous collision between the eastern Qiangtang terrane and the irregular continental margin of the united western Qiangtang-Lhasa plate, along the linked eastern Bangong-Nujiang-central Qiangtang zone. The collision-related magmatic rocks could have been originated from lithospheric thickening, melting, or detachment due to the collision. The presence of UHP metamorphic rocks in central Qiangtang and Basu implies likely continental deep-subduction, and the denudation of these two metamorphic zones could have served as the source of the Triassic turbidites in the Songpan-Garze complex and the Jurassic turbidites in the western Bangong-Nujiang zone, respectively. However, studies of the eclogites in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau just began, and many principal aspects still remain to be explored, such as their distributions, typical lithologies and minerals, temperature-pressure conditions, timing of formation and exhumation, protoliths and tectonic setting, and relationship with the evolution of the Tethys and large-scale basins in Tibet.     

Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology and petrogenesis of the plagiogranites from the Lagkor Lake ophiolite, Gerze, Tibet, China

Field relationship, along with petrographical, petrological, and geochemical characteristics, and zircon populations, indicates that the plagiogranites from the Lagkor Lake ophiolite in the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone (~ 20 km south of Gerze County, central Tibet, China), derived from anatexis of hydrated gabbros by ductile shearing during transport of the oceanic crust. Therefore, this kind of plagiogranite is coeval to or little later than the spreading of the oceanic crust. Zircon SHRIMP age of 166 ± 2.5 Ma for the plagiogranites indicates that an oceanic basin existed in the western part of the Bangong-Nujiang zone in the Middle Jurassic.     

Os isotopic evidence for a carbonaceous chondritic mantle source for the Nagqu ophiolite from Tibet and its implications

Early-crystallizing chromian spinel(Cr-spinel) in the Nagqu ophiolite has high Os and low Re contents,and it is resistant to alteration during serpentinization,weathering and metamorphism.The chemical composition of primitive magma is preserved in Cr-spinel,which makes it suitable for determining the initial Os-isotope composition of the mantle source.This study presents Cr-spinel Os isotopes and zircon U-Pb ages for cumulate dunite and gabbro,respectively,in the same cumulate section of the ophiolite at Nagqu in Tibet.The results shed light on the formation and evolution of lithospheric mantle.The Nagqu ophiolite is located in the central part of the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone.It is a remnant of the Neotethyan oceanic crust,and contains cumulate dunite and gabbro.Zircon from the gabbro yielded a weighted mean 206 Pb/238 U age of 183.7±1 Ma.Cr-spinel exhibits Os values of 0.2 to 0.3,suggesting that the mantle source for the dunite is similar to that of carbonaceous chondrites.Thus,the Tibetan lithosphere is primarily a relic of Tethyan oceanic lithosphere,which has formed by the transformation of the normal asthenospheric mantle in the Mesozoic.This is the first study to combine the spinel Os isotopes with accurate zircon U-Pb ages to constrain the geochemical characteristics of the mantle source for the ophiolite.     

浙江龙泉碰撞混杂岩的发现及其对华南碰撞造山带研究的意义

在华南丽水一建阳地区作者首次发现蛇绿混杂岩、混杂岩的外来岩块是代表古洋壳碎片的橄榄岩、辉石岩、辉长岩、玄武岩、斜长角闪岩,石榴角闪岩和代表陆壳结晶基底一沉积盖层的斜长片麻岩、花岗岩,石英粉砂岩、灰岩。基质是强烈片理化的深海复理石。混杂岩沿北东向从福建南平一建瓯到浙江龙泉一松阳断续出露。研究发现混杂岩分为陡倾斜的内带和平缓的向北西逆冲的外带,监伴随有强烈的构造变形带、糜棱岩带和碰撞型花岗岩。作者认为这代表二个陆壳地体碰撞的缝合线、碰撞造山运动发生在奥陶纪,并导致二个陆壳地体之间南华海的消亡。     

Occurrences of Permian radiolarians in central and eastern Nei Mongol （Inner Mongolia） and their geological significance to the Northern China Orogen

The Zhesi (Jisu) Formation of the Middle Permian in Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia) was commonly considered to be a shallow marine sequence. Here I report the radiolarians found in the argillite bed of that formation in Zhesi and Xilinhot areas. This fact indicates a deep marine sedimentary facies persisted during the Middle Permian, and suggests that the ocean between the North China Block and Siberian Craton was not closed until the Late Guadalupian. The suture of this two blocks is probably extends along the Linxi ophiolite belt, south of the Hegenshan ophiolite belt.     

羌塘地块北界拉竹龙—西金乌兰—玉树结合带印支期构造环境探讨

认为羌塘北部边界断裂结合带在印支期期间具有明显的构造分段性,其东段在玉树地区发育有较完整的蛇绿岩组合,且发育有限洋盆;此有限洋向西延伸呈收敛的趋势,由有限洋逐渐转变为陆间裂谷至大陆边缘裂谷,蛇绿岩组合逐渐消失,火成岩渐变为裂谷型双峰式火山岩组合。     

U-Pb zircon dating of Early Paleozoic gabbro from the Nantinghe ophiolite in the Changning-Menglian suture zone and its geological implication

The Nantinghe ophiolite is located in the northern part of the Changning-Menglian suture zone in southeast Tibet. It is composed of meta-peridotite, cumulative gabbro, meta-gabbro, plagioclase amphibolite and meta-basalt. Zircon U-Pb dating of the cumulative gabbro gives concordant ages of 473.0±3.8 Ma and 443.6±4.0 Ma respectively, indicating the early and late episodes of mafic magmatisms during the Paleo-Tethys oceanic rifting. The 16 LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb analyses of meta-gabbro yield a weight mean age of 439±2.4Ma. The gabbro shows relatively low contents of SiO2 (46.46%-52.11%), TiO2 (0.96%-1.14%) and K2O (0.48%-0.75%). Its trace element distribution patterns are partly similar to those of the mid-ocean ridge basalts, and part is depleted in high field strength elements such as Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf and Ti. These features suggest that the mafic rocks were probably formed in a MORB-like or backarc rift basin setting. The zircon U-Pb age of gabbro is consistent with a late crystallization age of the cumulative gabbro from the Nantinghe ophiolite, suggesting that the Paleo-Tethys oceanic basin was opened during 444-439 Ma, possibly as a backarc basin. It is the first precise age which defines the formation time of the early Paleozoic ophiolite in the Changning-Menglian suture zone. These geochronological and geochemical characteristics of the Nantinghe ophiolite are consistent with those from the Guoganjianianshan and Taoxinghu of the Longmu Co-Shuanghu suture in the Qiangtang region. Thus, we suggest that the both Changning-Menglian and Longmu Co-Shuanghu sutures were probably transformed from the relic oceanic crust of the uniform Paleo-Tethys, which likely represents the original and main Paleo-Tethys oceanic basin.     

Sm-Nd isochron age of ophiolite along northern margin of Altun Tagh Mountain and its tectonic significance

An ophiolite belt is exposed to the northern edge of Altun Tagh Mountain. Geochronological researches were made on gabbro and basalt. Sm-Nd isochron age of gabbro is (829 ± 60) Ma, while the age of gabbro mixed basalt is (949 ± 62) Ma. The dating of Sm-Nd isochron proves that ophiolite formed in (829 ± 60) Ma, which implies that the northern half of Tarim (or north Tarim Block) had been separated by an ocean from the southern half of Tarim and Qaidarn (or south Tarim Block) until (829 ± 60) Ma. The south Tarim Block could accrete to the north Tarim Block at the beginning of Sinian, thereby forming the north Altun Tagh suture. The Sinian system would be the first cover on the amalgamated Tarim craton.