出院指导卡在老年病人中应用效果的调查分析

目的:通过出院指导卡在老年病人中的使用,增加患者对疾病的了解和自护能力,同时也增进了护患之间的沟通和感情.方法:在对病人做好院内健康教育的前提下,为出院病人制作出院指导卡,内容包括:用药指导,生活指导,科内联系电话,护理责任组长、护士长姓名.结果:在使用出院指导卡后3个月对病人进行调查,普遍认为很实用,对疾病相关知识掌握程度及对护士的满意程度明显提高.结论:出院指导卡的应用培养了病人的健康意识和健康行为,提高了护士的学习积极性和科室护理质量.     

12例外伤性张力性气颅的诊断及治疗体会

目的:总结外伤性张力性气颅诊断与手术治疗的临床经验.方法:收集2002年6月至2008年6月手术治疗的12例外伤性张力性气颅患者,对治疗方法及效果进行分析总结.结果:经手术治疗12例患者均治愈出院.结论:外伤性张力性气颅发生后病情较重,应早期诊断,及时正确治疗.     

甲状腺功能亢进手术患者的健康教育

总结了甲状腺功能亢进手术患者的健康教育,包括刚入院时的健康指导、术前指导、术后指导和出院前的宣教.认为全程的健康教育是患者顺利康复的重要保证.     

热性感染相关性癫痫综合征1例病例报道并文献复习

目的总结热性感染相关性癫痫综合征(FIRES)的临床表现、脑电图及头颅MRI特征,探讨其发病机制及目前治疗进展。方法分析武汉儿童医院神经内科收治1例FIRES患儿的临床表现、脑电图、头颅MRI特征,复习文献资料,总结其临床、脑电图、头颅MRI特征及诊治进展。结果患儿为学龄期男性儿童,急骤起病,表现为发热、意识障碍及药物难治性的癫痫持续状态。脑电图显示背景为弥漫性慢波活动,监测到左侧额极、前颞区起始的部分性发作。头颅MRI信号未见异常。经生酮饮食(KD)治疗3天后,发作较前明显减少并转入普通病房,出院后继续予KD及抗癫痫药物治疗,1个月后复诊,患儿偶有惊厥发作,意识较前好转,智能较发病前明显减退。文献显示该病主要发生在既往健康的学龄期儿童,常由发热诱导,继而出现难治性癫痫持续状态或丛集样癫痫发作。FIRES预后不良,幸存者多遗留药物难治性癫痫和严重的认知障碍,普遍认为KD对FIRES患者疗效显著。结论FIRES的病因不明,可能由免疫介导所致。好发于学龄期儿童,常由发热诱导,癫痫发作呈暴发性、药物难治性,KD对控制急性期癫痫发作及改善预后有效。     

胃大部切除术后功能性排空障碍的护理

总结了3例胃大部切除术后功能性排空障碍的护理过程,包括心理护理、病情观察、胃肠外营养支持、预防潜在感染、出院健康指导等临床护理要点,并强调心理护理是促进健康行为的关键.     

健康教育路径在糖尿病患者中的应用

目的:探讨糖尿病患者实施健康教育的效果和方法.方法:将140例糖尿病患者随机分为实验组和对照组,各70例.对照组给与常规健康教育,实验组实施健康教育路径,对比两组患者出院前的效果.结果:经健康教育路径护理组在糖尿病知识水平及对护理人员的满意度上都优于对照组.结论:健康教育路径很值得临床应用和推广.     

电话回访在出院肺结核病人中的应用

运用电话回访及时了解肺结核病人出院后的健康恢复情况。选择2010年1月-2010年12月在兰州市肺科医院收治的肺结核患者182例，运用现代通讯手段，如，固定电话、手机等，与出院病人进行联系。以出院后1个月内即能基本掌握回访内容（包括药物不良反应的观察、饮食习惯与禁忌、休息与锻炼的方法、结核病传播与预防知识等）及坚持按医嘱规律用药、定期复诊者视为回访情况好，出院后1—2个月能达到上述情况者为较好，2个月后能达到上述情况者为较差。通过对出院病人电话随访的开展，体现了护理模式的转变，缩短了护患之间的距离，并且随访内容主要是健康教育，从而进一步丰富了优质护理内容的影响力，使病人真正得到了实惠。     

33例肝肾综合征诊治分析

目的:探讨肝肾综合征的发病原因、诊断要点及预防和治疗的方法,以提高该病的整体处理水平.方法:总结我院自1999年治疗的肝肾综合征的临床资料,总结对其发病原因、诊断要点及预防和治疗的体会.结果:本组患者住院期间14例死亡(42.4%),7例病危自动出院,12例好转出院.住院期间生存率36.4%.出院患者4例生存超过1年,2例生存时间超过2年.结论:提高对肝肾综合征预防及早期诊断有很高的临床使用价值,对肝肾综合征的治疗主要针对肝功能的损害、有效血容量的减少、肾内血循环的改变及内毒素血症的控制等多个环节进行.     

浅析老年痴呆家庭看护者的健康指导

老年痴呆是一种是危害老年人健康长寿的常见疾病,其日常护理通常在家庭内部完成,家庭护理者的科学护理对于提高患者健康质量,滞缓疾病进程至关重要.总结对48例例老年痴呆家庭看护士者开展的健康教育及指导,总结了健康教育的方法和内容.     

小儿惊厥急救及护理措施的应用与研究

惊厥是小儿时期最常见急症之一,多见于3个月至5岁。由各种原因引起的大脑中枢神经系统器质性或功能性异常表现,病因复杂、变化快。主要表现:为突然性发作的全身或局部肌群强直性和阵挛性抽搐,并伴双眼凝视或上翻,唇周、面色发绀,双手紧握、牙关紧闭,大小便失禁等。引起惊厥的原因为感染性和非感染性两在类。感染性惊厥常并发于颅内感染或颅外感染,临床表现为病毒性脑膜炎、寄生虫、脑脓肿、败血症主、重症肺炎等;非感染性惊厥常并发于颅内疾病或颅外疾病,临床表现为颅脑损伤、先天性发育畸形、癫痫症、低血糖、低血钙及各种原因引起的药物性中毒等。回顾总结了近年来我院儿科临床96例患儿惊厥的临床护理体会。惊厥性患儿发病时的主要护理措施分为:惊厥的紧急处理、对症护理、基础护理和病情观察四大类。同时在做好护理措施的同时,也应该做好家属的心理护理和健康宣教,这是取得良好治疗效果及防止疾病进一步发展的重要条件。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with