Infectious foot-and-mouth disease virus derived from a cloned full-length cDNA of OH／CHA／99

The China foot-and-mouth virus (FMDV) isolate OH/CHA/99 was isolated from swine, which was unable to infect bovine thyroid cells in vitro or to cause typical disease in bovines following intradermal inoculation in the tongue. To enhance antigenicity, replication, maturation and pathogenicity studies of OH/CHA/99, an infectious fulllength cDNA clone, designated pBIFMDV, was prepared. The in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the virus derived from pBIFMDV were studied by analyzing antigenicity, plaque morphology and virulence in pigs. The results showed that the virus derived from pBIFMDV had the same biological properties as the parent strain OH/CHA/99; the fulllength infections cDNA clone, pBIFMDV, will be very useful in studies of the antigenicity, virulence, pathogenesis, maturation and replication of FMDV.     

Sequencing and rescuing a highly virulent classical swine fever virus： Chinese strain cF114 from a full-length cDNA clone

Classical swine fever is an economically important, highly contagious disease of pigs caused by the classical swine fever virus (CSFV), as referred to as hog cholera virus. CSFV belongs to Pestivirus within the family of Flaviviridae. The virus contains a positivestranded RNA of approximately 12.3 kb in length[1]. The genome is composed of a 5′ non-coding region, a single large open reading frame (ORF) encoding the viral polyprotein with 3898 amino acid residues and a 3′ non-coding reg…     

Rescued virus from infectious cDNA clone of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus is adapted to RK13 cells line

RHDV is an extremely pathogenic virus. The mor-tality rate of infected rabbits is almost 99%. The dis-ease caused by RHDV is also called “rabbit plague”, and it has been regarded as one of the most important infection diseases of rabbits. RHDV was desig…     

Construction and identification of reverse genetics system of Dengue type 2 virus isolated in China

Dengue (DEN) viruses, mosquito-borne pathogens of the Flavivirus genus, Flaviviridae family, are envel- oped RNA viruses that contain a single-stranded, posi- tive-sense, capped RNA genome of approximately 11 kb. Single polypeptide is co-translationlly pr…     

Construction of cytopathic PK-15 cell model of classical swine fever virus

No cytopathic effect (CPE) can be observed on classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infected cell culture in vitro. This brings an obstacle to the researches on reciprocity between CSFV and host cells. Based on the construction of full-length genomic infectious cDNA clone of Chinese CSFV standard virulent Shimen strain, partial deletion is introduced into genomic cDNA to obtain a 7.5 kb subgenomic cDNA. A new subgenomic CSFV is derived from transfection with the subgenomic cDNA on PK-15 cells pre-infected by CSFV Shimen virus. Typical CPE induced by this subgenomic virus is observed on PK-15 cells. Coexistence of wildtype and subgenomic virus in cytopathic cell culture is demonstrated by RT-PCR detection in cytopathic cells. For conclusion, the construction of cytopathic cell model exploited a new way for researches on the molecular mechanism of CSFV pathogenesis.     

广西猪瘟病毒的调查研究

１９８６～１９８９年，从广西５个地、市的１０个病猪场猪体中分离到１０个病毒。用猪瘟石门系标准强毒作对照，经病原性、抗原性及血清学试验，培养特性，血细胞吸附及病毒的形态结构观察，证明１０个毒株为猪瘟病毒。它们有共同的抗原性。它们之间的区别只是毒力的强弱不同。从临床症状、病理变化和病程方面看，９个为亚急性猪瘟毒株；一个为慢性或温和性猪瘟毒株。     

HCV全长cDNA细胞培养适应性突变体的构建及其体外转录制备感染性RNA的研究

运用重叠延伸PCR方法对HCV全长基因组cDNANS3和NS5A上的E1202G、T1280I和S2197P进行细胞培养适应性突变,构建含有细胞培养适应性突变的HCV全长基因组cDNA,体外转录制备RNA,脂质体法转染人肝癌细胞Huh-7,以RT-PCR检测HCV正、负链RNA,间接免疫荧光法和Western blot检测细胞内HCVNS3蛋白的表达。结果证明,转染后细胞内可间断检测到HCV正、负链RNA及HCVNS3蛋白的表达,且突变体RNA与未突变的HCVRNA相比,明显具有更高的复制效率和蛋白表达。该研究为后续HCV体外培养体系的研究提供了可在细胞内高效自主复制的HCV病毒模板。     

Enhanced virulence of influenza A viruses with the haemagglutinin of the 1918 pandemic virus

The 'Spanish' influenza pandemic of 1918-19 was the most devastating outbreak of infectious disease in recorded history. At least 20 million people died from their illness, which was characterized by an unusually severe and rapid clinical course. The complete sequencing of several genes of the 1918 influenza virus has made it possible to study the functions of the proteins encoded by these genes in viruses generated by reverse genetics, a technique that permits the generation of infectious viruses entirely from cloned complementary DNA. Thus, to identify properties of the 1918 pandemic influenza A strain that might be related to its extraordinary virulence, viruses were produced containing the viral haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of the 1918 strain. The HA of this strain supports the pathogenicity of a mouse-adapted virus in this animal. Here we demonstrate that the HA of the 1918 virus confers enhanced pathogenicity in mice to recent human viruses that are otherwise non-pathogenic in this host. Moreover, these highly virulent recombinant viruses expressing the 1918 viral HA could infect the entire lung and induce high levels of macrophage-derived chemokines and cytokines, which resulted in infiltration of inflammatory cells and severe haemorrhage, hallmarks of the illness produced during the original pandemic.     

"鸭传染性肿头症"病毒的分离及部分特性研究

成都地区鸭场中流行一种以发病鸭头颈肿胀为特征的传染病,发病率、死亡率均可达到80％以上,各种年龄、品种均易感,危害十分严重,我们通过流行这调查、血凝和血凝抑制试验、中和试验和临床防治试验排除了鸭瘟病毒、禽流感病毒、鸭肝炎病毒、番鸭细小病毒感染的可能性,从典型病例中分离出病毒,在雏鸭上复制出与自然发病相同的病例;电镜下观察了该病毒为圆形或卵圆形,大小为50－70nm,无囊膜;对氯仿有抵抗,对鸭胚的LD50为8．67,无血凝性,初步认为本病是一种新鸭病,暂定名为“鸭传染性肿头症”。     

Neutralization of human T-lymphotropic virus type III by sera of AIDS and AIDS-risk patients

Human T-lymphotropic virus type III (LAV, HTLV-III) is aetiologically linked to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and persistent general lymphadenopathy (PGL). Specific radioimmunoassays (RIA), enzyme-linked assays, immunofluorescence assays (IFA) and immunoblotting techniques are being used widely to detect serum antibodies to HTLV-III in infected patients and in those at risk of infection. However, these assays do not functionally identify those antibodies that neutralize the infectivity of the virus. We have used three methods of titrating serum neutralizing factors: inhibition of syncytium induction, neutralization of envelope pseudotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and reduction of infectivity of HTLV-III for a cell line permissive to virus replication. We report here that sera from subjects in various disease categories possess only low-level neutralizing activity, even when antibodies to viral membrane antigens are present in high titre. Envelope pseudotypes prepared from four HTLV-III isolates made in three different countries are equally sensitive to neutralization by positive sera, including sera from patients yielding two of the virus isolates.     

Construction of human and mouse brain cDNA libraries and isolation of full-length cDNAs

cDNA libraries from aborted human 3-month fetal brain,adult rat and mouse brain were constructed by using a yZAP express cDNA library construction kin.Low molecular weight fragments of the second strand cDNASA were removed by flowing through the Sepharose CL-4B column and the frractionated long,Middle,Short fragments and the combined fragments weire respectively inserted into clone vectors to construct the cDNA libraries of the brain of human 3-month fetus.The 5'ends of 1200 clones from each of human fetal brain cDNA libraries were sequenced.A total of 894 ESTs were obtained and some full-length clones were squenced.By andalyaing the se-quences,12 novel full-length cDNAs were obtained.     

The pathogenicity on legumes of Cucumber mosaic virus was determined by 243 nucleotides on 2a polymerase gene of viral RNA2

We had isolated and identified two Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) isolates, the CMV red bean (CMV-RB)isolate and the CMV pea (CMV-P1) isolate. CMV-RBinduces necrotic local lesions on inoculated leaves of broad bean, pea, cowpea and bean, and could not infect these hosts systemically. However, CMV-P1 was able to infect these legumes systemically. To study the difference of pathogenicity. on the legumes induced by these two CMV isolates, the full-length infectious cDNA clones of CMV-Fny, which induced similar symptoms as CMV-RB in the four legumes,were used. The 243 nucleotides fragment, which encodes highly conserved GDD amino acid motif on 2a replicase gene of CMV-Fny RNA2, was replaced with that of CMV-P1. The constructed chimeric virus FP could infect these legumes systemically. The exchange of this region changes the virus symptoms on the legumes, indicating that this 243 nucleotides fragment has major effect on pathogenicity of CMV on the legumes.``     

A BAC clone of MDV strain GX0101 with REV-LTR integration retained its pathogenicity

The complete genome of Marek＇s disease virus （MDV） strain GX0101, which was integrated with the LTR sequences of REV, was cloned in Escherichia coli as a bacterial artificial chromosome （BAC）. BAC vector sequences were introduced into the US2 locus of the MDV genome by homologous recombination. The viral DNA containing the BAC vector was used to transform Escherichia coli strain of DH10B. Then the recombinant virus was successfully rescued by transfection of the recombinant BAC DNA into primary chicken embryo fibroblast （CEF）. This BAC viral clone was named bac-GX0101. When the reconstituted virus was inoculated into 1-day-old birds, visceral tumors could be detected as early as 62 d post infection. There was no difference in growth ability and pathogenicity to birds between the BAC derived virus and its parental virus. The BAC derived virus maintained its oncogenicity and immunosuppressive effects. In conclusion, the complete genome of GX0101 strain was successfully cloned into BAC and the infectious clone was rescued. With the powerful BAC manipulation system, the infectious clone will provide a useful tool for further understanding the functional roles of the inserted REV-LTR sequence in the GX0101 strain of MDV,     

猪肺疫流行原因与对策

通过对部分地区暴发A型巴氏杆菌病的调查研究，分析得出此病流行的主要原因是气候急剧变化、环境恶劣、饲养管理水平低下、菌株血清型改变、滥用抗生素等。其流行特征是以急性型最多，以肺炎症状和败血症状为主，部分病畜康复后可再次感染。提出了防治此病的有效措施。     

A molecular clone of HTLV-III with biological activity

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an epidemic immunosuppressive disease characteristically associated with a depletion of T lymphocytes of the helper/inducer phenotype. Numerous converging lines of research have implicated a human T-cell lymphotropic retrovirus, HTLV-III, in the pathogenesis of AIDS. Recently, several distinct forms of the HTLV-III genome were molecularly cloned in phage and extensively characterized. In the present study, a clone containing full-length HTLV-III proviral DNA was inserted into a plasmid and used to transfect cord blood T cells from normal newborn humans. We demonstrate that this molecular clone is infectious in vitro and causes marked cytopathic effects on T-cell cultures. This is the first direct evidence that the HTLV-III genome, rather than a minor component of the virus complex, is cytopathic for T cells. Using this biologically competent clone and mutants derived from it, it should now be possible to localize the subgenomic regions that contribute to the biological effects of HTLV-III.     

Science Letters: Transient expression of chicken alpha interferon gene in lettuce

We investigated the possibility of producing chicken alpha interferon （ChlFN-α） in transgenic plants. The cDNA encoding ChlFN-α was introduced into lettuce （Lactuca sativa L.） plants by using an agro-infiltration transient expression system. The ChlFN-a gene was correctly transcribed and translated in the lettuce plants according to RT-PCR and ELISA assays. Recombinant protein exhibited antiviral activity in vitro by inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus （VSV） replication on chicken embryonic fibroblast （CEF）. The results demonstrate that biologically active avian cytokine with potential pharmaceutical applications could be expressed in transgenic lettuce plants and that it is possible to generate interferon protein in forage plants for preventing infectious diseases of poultry.     

表达HIV-1复合多表位基因的p815细胞稳定株的建立和评价

建立稳定表达HIV-1p24MEG复合多表位基因的p815细胞克隆.设计引物,以HIV-1标准株全长cDNA序列为模板,PCR扩增获得p24基因片段;合成改造后的多个表位基因MEG并且与p24片段相连接,克隆入pcDNA3.1(+).在阳离子聚合物作用下重组真核质粒转染的p815(H-2d)细胞, 以G418压力筛选,RT-PCR检测mRNA表达,间接免疫荧光检测蛋白表达.通过PCR获得了HIV-1 p24片段,获得了与多表位基因连接后的p24MEG融合基因,成功构建了p24MEG基因的重组真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)/p24MEG.转染p815细胞后, RT-PCR检测到融合蛋白mRNA表达,间接免疫荧光显示 p815细胞内有融合蛋白的表达.结论:建立了稳定表达HIV-1p24MEG融合蛋白的p815细胞克隆,为评价多表位抗原p24MEG在BALB/c小鼠体内诱导的细胞免疫应答奠定基础.