利用傅里叶级数理论的电弧混沌特性分析及实验研究

以高压SF6断路器开断过程中具有短路电弧的气流场数学模型建立为基础,以涡量变量、温度变量为特征量,利用二维傅里叶级数展开,得到高压SF6断路器描述电弧及气体运动的混沌特性方程。通过时间历程图、相图、Lyapunov指数图,证明高压SF6断路器电弧及气体运动系统中存在混沌特性。利用可拆卸灭弧室实验平台,采集电弧开断过程中的电流、电弧电压等数据,运用C-C算法进行数据处理,实验数据表明,当断路器额定电流、吹弧速度达到一定值后,电弧及气体运动系统出现混沌现象,并且随着额定电流、吹弧速度的增加,系统最大Lyapunov指数也增大。     

低压断路器中电弧运动磁流体动力学模型的仿真研究

根据低压断路器开断时电弧起弧的物理过程,建立了以磁流体动力学（ ＭＨＤ） 为基础的电弧模型．根据气流场,结合热场、磁场与电流分布,对低压断路器的电弧运动过程进行了数值模拟研究,经对磁场在电弧初始运动阶段对电弧运动的影响进行数值分析,结果表明：电弧在磁场中运动得更快,并且可以更有效地被冷却．     

计及电动斥力效应的低压塑壳断路器机构动力学仿真

采用基于多体动力学原理的软件包ADAMS，建立了低压塑壳断路器操作机构的动力学模型，并通过实验测试了该型号断路器的机械性能．结果表明，所建模型的输出特性与实验结果吻合很好，证明了仿真模型的正确性．该模型的建立对于研究断路器的瞬态特性具有重要意义，为研究电动斥力对断路器机械特性的影响及机构的优化设计提供了良好的平台．利用霍尔姆公式和三维有限元分析软件ANSYS，计算短路开断过程的电动斥力，分析了短路情况下电动斥力对低压断路器开断过程的影响，实现了机电耦合．由于电动斥力的作用，机构短路情况下的动作时间比手动脱扣缩短了约2ms．     

电弧运动通道对低压限流断路器开断过程重击穿现象的影响

以双断口断路器模型为研究对象，分别从气流场数值分析和试验角度探讨了不同电弧运动通道结构的影响，提出了一种有利于抑制断路器开断过程电弧重击穿现象的收缩型电弧通道。     

利用开断模型分析引弧板对低压断路器电弧运动的影响

为了描述电弧在跑弧道上运动的动态过程,得出引弧板对低压断路器灭弧性能的影响规律,提出了一种基于开断模型的描述电弧在跑弧道(含引弧板)上运动全过程的分析方法。首先建立了一种基于多场耦合的对低压断路器开断过程进行仿真的方法,该方法通过对多体动力学仿真软件ADAMS进行二次开发,实现了开断过程中电路、电弧、气吹、电动斥力、复杂机械运动等多场域的相互耦合;然后以某带引弧板的低压断路器为分析对象,利用所提出的仿真方法,对电弧从起燃、运动、转移到熄灭的全过程进行了计算仿真,分析了不同引弧板形状对低压断路器开断性能的影响,并通过实验验证。计算与实验结果表明,钩状引弧板的弧形轮廓在迎着电弧运动方向上具有更大的接触面积,且弧角朝栅片方向弯曲符合电弧的整体运动趋势,有利于电弧在弧根转移后进一步进入灭弧栅片,从而减少触头的烧蚀和提升电弧进入栅片的效果。     

基于LabVIEW的塑壳断路器短路分断能力检测系统

基于虚拟软件LabVIEW平台,选用ABB Tmax T2N160型号塑壳断路器作为试验对象,采用短接塑壳断路器的三相触点方法,开发了基于LabVIEW软件的短路电流分断能力的测试系统.三相瞬间采集波形表明测试系统是可行的;尖峰检测结果表明系统能在短路情况下及时进行分断;另外,系统可通过远程上位机进行远程控制并由虚拟软件记录相关数据,能实现批量、自动和精准的检测,有较高的实用价值.     

气体保护药芯焊丝双丝焊接电信号稳定性分析

为进一步了解CO2气体保护药芯焊丝双丝焊接过程中电弧的稳定性和避免双丝焊接过程中产生的有规律的断弧现象，设计了不同焊接参数值（电压匹配、电流匹配、焊丝间距）的系列实验，采用高速摄像系统同步拍摄了电弧形态，采用Labview信号采集系统同步采集了焊接过程中两电弧的电流、电压波形.采用电流直方图对两电弧稳定性进行了对比分析.结果表明：对于引导电弧，降低跟随电弧电压，降低跟随电弧与引导电弧的电流比例，增大焊丝间距，电弧稳定性得以提高；对于跟随电弧，降低引导电弧与跟随电弧的电流比例，降低跟随电弧电弧电压，增大电弧间距，跟随电弧中断频率降低.最后，将高速摄影拍摄到的电弧图片与采集到的电流、电压波形图相结合，说明了发生断弧现象的循环规律.     

整流式故障电流限制器对高压断路器开合能力的影响

该文指出整流式故障电流限制器在限流过程中降低了短路电流幅值,改变了短路电流波形,明显地影响到高压断路器的关合开断能力。应用电磁暂态程序(EM TP)仿真计算了整流式故障电流限制器对高压断路器关合开断过程有影响的7种因素,包括开断电流值、三相开断时后两相开断电流值、短路电流最大值、电流过零前的电流下降率、电弧能量、恢复电压幅值及上升率。计算分析表明电流过零前的下降率较同样幅度的正弦电流可增大到6倍,电弧能量可增大50%,短路电流峰值将降至25%,后开相电流可增大29%。这些对高压断路器的开断、关合能力影响很大。     

500kV输电线路中直流断路器工作条件的计算

以我国第一条±５００ ｋＶ葛州坝至上海超高压直流输电线路为模型，运用电磁暂态计算程序ＥＭＴＰ．对开断直流线路过程中高压直流断路器的工作条件进行了计算，分析了系统参数对断路器工作条件的影响，确定出在最严重情况下，即Ｉ＝４ｋＡ时葛－上线开断过程中吸能装置耗散能量达１５．７ＭＪ，通流时间为１１．６ｍｓ。同时计算分析了金属回线转移开关ＭＲＴＢ开断过程中直流断路器的工作条件，并与线路用宜流断路器一断口的情况进行比较，提出了首先发展ＭＲＴＢ的研究方向。     

真空断路器电寿命状态监测系统的研究

通过真空断路器电寿命状态监测系统的研究,采用罗氏线圈采集真空断路器短路开断电流,并且使用开断电流加权累计法计算真空断路器的剩余电寿命。该项研究有助于实现对真空断路器的状态检修,也实现了以最少资金投入保证真空断路器安全运行的同时获得较高的经济效益。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-