基于蠕变损伤的P91钢应力-应变本构关系

高温下材料的本构关系和时间相关,可以由高温等时应力-应变曲线表示。对P91钢分别进行高温(600℃)短时拉伸实验,高温蠕变100、500和900 h实验之后的高温短时拉伸实验,以及完整的蠕变断裂实验。结果表明:用高温等时应力-应变曲线描述P91钢高温蠕变损伤后的本构关系极为保守。由此,引入寿命分数参数定义材料的高温蠕变损伤,获得了P91钢发生高温蠕变损伤后材料抗拉强度与蠕变损伤的关系,修正了高温等时应力-应变曲线,建立了基于蠕变损伤的P91钢应力-应变本构方程。     

基于Norton幂律方程的再生器筒体蠕变性能分析及仿真

本文通过对Q245R钢在550℃不同应力条件下进行高温蠕变试验，并根据试验获得的数据，建立该材料的蠕变本构方程，最后将建立的蠕变本构方程用于仿真一台在役催化裂化再生器筒体的蠕变。结果表明，该材料高温单轴拉伸的材料力学性能与常温差别较大，试验得到了该材料的蠕变Norton幂律本构方程，并判断出其在550℃下的蠕变机制主要为位错攀移；有限元仿真知最大蠕变变形发生在接管与筒体相惯处筒体母线上，离相贯点约为600mm，最大蠕变变形量为91.3mm与现场实测相近，说明建立的蠕变本构模型和有限元仿真是有效的，可为再生器的安全服役提供数据基础和参考价值。     

一种单晶镍基合金高温蠕变相关参数的试验研究

通过测定［００１］取向单晶镍基高温合金的蠕变曲线及位错运动的应力σ０,建立了综合蠕变方程,计算出蠕变不同阶段的激活能及相关参数．结果表明：内应力σ０随温度升高明显降低,在试验的应力和温度范围内,蠕变的不同阶段,具有不同的激活能Ｑ,时间指数ｍｉ和结构因子Ｂｉ,其中蠕变Ⅰ、Ⅲ阶段Ｂｉ值对激活能影响较大．     

Cu-Ni-Al-Ti合金的时效特性

通过电阻率、应力松驰性能和硬度的测定以及差热分析方法，研究了Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ－Ａｌ－Ｔｉ合金的时效特性。结果表明：该合金时效动力学符合Ａｖｒａｍｉ方程，其ｌｎｌｎ１／（１─Ｘ）与ｌｎｔ之间的关系，可用两条不同斜率的直线段来描述，５５０℃时效时两直线交于ｌｎｔ＝６．４处，相应于时效时间１０ｍｉｎ，时效初期相变速率极高，随后逐渐降低；连续加热时，较低温度下形成的富溶质原子区在８００～９００℃区间可能重溶，γ相［Ｎｉ＿３（Ａｌ，Ｔｉ）］在高温下形成，并且可能向热力学更稳定的状态转化；除形成γ相外，还可能形成其它化合物；Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ－Ａｌ－Ｔｉ合金时效稳定性极高，过时效倾向很小。     

40Cr 钢 的 高 温 蠕 变 行 为

研究了40Cr钢在不同温度和应力水平下的蠕变行为,并根据实验数据绘制得到蠕变曲线.在实验条件下,40Cr钢的蠕变曲线呈现出较长的稳态阶段和较短的减速阶段与加速阶段.并且其蠕变的稳态速率可以用Norton Power规律来描述,蠕变数据符合Monkman Grant关系的一般形式.同时,基于实验数据,建立了40Cr钢高温蠕变的非线性本构方程,并通过最小二乘法确定本构方程中的参数.将该本构方程计算得到的结果与实验数据进行了比较,发现用该本构方程可以较好地描述40Cr钢的蠕变行为.     

CDM模型对P91钢在600℃短时蠕变行为模拟的改进

在600℃等温条件下通过对P91钢进行不同应力的蠕变持久试验,已获得其完整蠕变曲线。在分析给定条件下蠕变机制的基础上,通过耦合位错损伤项,提出了改进的连续介质蠕变损伤力学模型。此外,相关数值计算结果表明,改进模型预测结果与已有蠕变数据吻合较好,从而为进一步预测P91钢在600℃不同应力条件下的蠕变行为提供了有效途径。     

Ti-2%Al-2.5%Zr钛合金在350℃下的持久强度及蠕变行为

首先实验测出了δ=2mm的Ti-2%Al-2.5%Zr单相α-Ti合金板材在350℃下的σb及σ0.2值.据此,确定了6个不同的试验应力点,用以进行该材料在350℃下的高温持久试验.对试验结果进行数据处理,得到了可以向低应力方向外推的方程.继而,对试样的持久断口进行了SEM分析,用金相和TEM对此种钛合金在试验前的显微组织和试验后试样的均匀塑性变形区与集中塑性变形区进行研究,得到了反映该种钛合金在350℃和高应力条件下的高温持久过程、组织变化特征和以位错滑移为主的蠕变行为.     

新型高性能铁基超微晶软磁合金

本研究了Ｆｅ７３．５Ｎｂ３Ｃｕ１Ｓｉ１３．５Ｂ９新型高性能铁基超微晶软磁合金的性能与结构特征。结果表明，该合金的最佳退火温度为５３５℃，其起始磁导率μ（０．０８Ａ／ｍ）＝１４．８×１０＾４，矫顽力Ｈｃ＝０．６Ａ／ｍ，饱和磁感Ｂ（８００Ａ／ｍ）＝１＼２２Ｔ。最佳铁损分另为Ｐ５／１０ｋ＝５．６Ｗ／ｋｇ，Ｐ５／２０ｋ＝１７．４Ｗ／ｋｇ，Ｐ５／５０ｋ＝８０Ｗ／ｋｇ，Ｐ５／１００ｋ＝２７０Ｗ／ｋｇ。且在相     

超超临界发电厂中P92钢蠕变特性及断裂机制

P92钢因其在高温条件下具有优异的抗氧化性能、高温蠕变性能以及较低的热膨胀系数,而被广泛应用于超超临界发电厂的主蒸汽管道等厚壁部件。通过625、650℃不同应力条件下的高温蠕变试验以及运用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等微观分析技术对国产P92钢的蠕变特性及断裂机制进行了分析,并与国外生产的P92钢进行比较。结果表明:国产P92钢最小蠕变速率和蠕变破断寿命与蠕变应力之间的关系均遵循幂定律;国产P92钢的蠕变寿命明显低于国外P92钢,蠕变过程中Laves相的迅速长大和粗化是国产P92钢蠕变性能劣化的主要原因;Larson-Miller方法中,参数C=38时拟合的Larson-Miller曲线可以很好地与试验值吻合。     

辽河口海冰单轴压缩蠕变特性研究

１９８４／８５年冬对辽东湾辽河口海冰进行了蠕变特性研究。在相对应力σ／σⅠ＞ ０．４４范围──快速蠕变区段，其蠕变特性可用 Ｍａｘｗｅｌｌ型描述；在σ／σ Ⅰ≤０．４４ 范围──慢速蠕变区段，可用Ｍａｘｗｅｌｌ－Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ模型描述。通过２０根试样的实验 结果和理论计算值相比较，具有很好的一致性。实验还指出，在稳定蠕变期横向应变 与纵向应变有近似关系ε_Ｗ＝Ａ＋Ｂε_Ｌ。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that