基于混沌粒子群优化算法的二维熵图像分割方法

针对二维熵图像分割方法在求取最佳阈值时存在计算量大及微粒群算法容易陷入局部最优且速度较慢等等问题,提出了基于混沌粒子群优化算法的二维熵图像分割方法。该方法考虑了图像中像素点灰度——邻域灰度均值对作为阈值对图像进行分割;利用混沌运动随机性、遍历性和初值敏感性,将混沌粒子群优化算法与阈值法相结合在二维空间作全局搜索。实验结果表明了基于混沌粒子群优化算法的二维熵图像分割法用于阈值寻优减少了搜索时间,提高了收敛率。     

基于极坐标系下二维直方图的图像分割算法

基于二维直方图的图像分割算法存在明显误分,且利用二维Renyi熵求解最佳阈值计算量过大.为解决这些问题,提出基于极坐标系下二维直方图的图像分割算法.首先,将图像各像素点表示在极坐标系中,根据各点的极角区分噪声点和非噪声点;然后对噪声点进行平滑处理,处理之后图像各像素点都集中在极坐标系中极角为45°的极径附近.由于滤噪后各像素点的极角差别很小,所以仅利用各点的极径信息即可进行分割阈值的选取,由此将二维问题转化为一维问题,以减少计算量.实验结果表明,该算法分割效果良好,尤其适用于受噪声污染较严重的图片,而且与传统二维算法及其改进算法相比,运行速度有很大提高.     

改进乌鸦算法的二维Tsallis熵多阈值图像分割算法

针对二维Tsallis熵在多阈值图像分割算法中计算量大、计算时间长等问题,提出一种基于改进乌鸦搜索的二维Tsallis熵多阈值图像分割算法。在乌鸦位置更新过程中引入Levy飞行机制,提高全局寻优能力;根据迭代次数自适应调整尺度系数,限制Levy飞行的搜索范围,加快算法收敛速度;将改进乌鸦搜索算法与二维Tsallis熵结合,减少计算时间、提高分割精度。以经典伯克利分割数据库中的图像为例进行分割实验,结果表明,与其他经典算法相比,改进乌鸦搜索算法分割图像收敛速度快、计算时间短、分割准确度更高。     

基于改进遗传算法的二维模糊熵图像分割算法

 图像分割是图像分析的基础。实际应用中,待分割图像的可变性较大,且时常混杂噪声,因此在很多情况下,基于一维直方图的经典图像分割算法常束手无策。近年来,基于二维直方图的二维图像分割算法已逐渐成为图像分割的热点。本文针对基本遗传算法在优化二维模糊熵图像分割算法中存在的易于早熟的不足,提出了一种改进的遗传算法。提出的改进遗传算法通过定义适应度极值距离,实现了进化过程中“代内”和“代间”的模糊评价。较之基本遗传算法,改进算法对个体的评价更加合理、客观和科学,而且算法整体收敛性能和全局搜索能力显著提升。实验结果表明,将其应用于二维模糊熵图像分割算法的优化,可显著提高算法的执行速度。由于引入模糊评价,本文提出的算法虽然较之基于基本遗传算法的二维模糊熵图像分割算法在时间开销方面虽略有增加,但获得的分割效果更佳。     

基于目标特征的图像预处理技术

结合建筑物搜索与识别的实例,提出了有利于保留目标特征的二值图像平滑算法和水平分割算法,改进了中心差分算子的边缘检测方法,并采用基于边缘特征的二值化算法对图像进行预处理.实验表明,这种基于目标特征的图像预处理方法对各种条件下采集的图像都能达到较好的处理效果,并取得了令人满意的速度.     

梯度熵改进边缘检测的自适应阈值曲面分割算法

光照不均匀往往造成背景亮度不均和灰度分布范围较大,会导致图像分割困难和不准确.考虑图像的边缘信息受光线变化相对不敏感,引入梯度熵信息对Canny算法进行改进提取准确合适的边缘.采用最小二乘法的多项式曲面拟合获得阈值曲面,进而提出了基于梯度熵改进边缘检测的自适应阈值曲面分割算法.对多种背景灰度分布不均匀的图像进行算法验证...     

基于二维灰度直方图的模糊熵分割方法

传统的基于一维灰度直方图的模糊熵分割方法不能反应图像的空间信息，抗噪声能力差，因此提出了基于二维灰度直方图的模糊熵分割算法．此算法根据像素点灰度值和其邻域灰度均值，建立二维灰度直方图，并在对应目标和背景的像限内构造像素点对目标和背影的隶属度函数，从而去除噪声和边缘像素对图像分割的影响．最后通过求模糊熵的极值，得到二维图像分割点．实验结果证明，该方法具有很强的鲁棒性和抗噪能力，分割效果明显优于一维的方法，而且可以方便地推广到其他一维熵分割中．     

融合视觉模型和最大熵的阈值分割算法

针对传统二维最大熵阈值分割算法关于二维直方图的区域划分中存在的缺点(即图像的部分目标点和背景点错误划分为边缘点或噪声点,而把部分边缘点和噪声点划分为目标点和背景点)以及搜索最佳阈值向量的时间复杂度较高的缺点,提出了采用视觉模型构造二维直方图,并提出了一种二维直方图的新的区域划分方法,同时还提出了基于视觉模型的二维最大熵阈值分割算法,提出的阈值分割算法降低了计算复杂度的同时还具有很好的分割性能。根据一些图像分割的定量评价标准,做了一系列实验,与几种典型的二维阈值分割算法相比,提出算法的分割效果更好。     

基于二维Arimoto灰度熵的图像阈值分割快速迭代算法

现有的Arimoto熵阈值法仅依赖于灰度直方图分布,且计算最佳阈值时需搜索整个解空间,效率不高.为此,文中提出了一种二维Arimoto灰度熵阈值分割的快速迭代算法.首先,提出了一维Arimoto灰度熵阈值选取的快速迭代算法;然后,考虑图像目标和背景的类内灰度均匀性,导出了基于灰度-平均灰度级直方图的Arimoto灰度熵阈值法,并给出了中间变量的快速递推公式;最后,提出了二维Arimoto灰度熵阈值选取的快速迭代算法,推导了相应的公式,大大减少了运算量.实验结果表明,文中所提算法运行速度快,分割性能优于现有的5种同类阈值分割算法,分割后图像中的目标完整,边缘纹理清晰,细节更为丰富.     

基于马尔可夫随机场和模糊C-均值聚类的DTI图像分割算法

传统的模糊C-均值聚类(FCM)算法只考虑了图像灰度信息,未考虑图像的邻域信息,抗噪性能不够理想.为了充分利用图像空间信息,提出一种结合马尔可夫随机场(MRF)的自适应加权FCM改进算法.该算法根据局部密度判断像素在其窗口邻域范围内的离散种类,将MRF空间约束场和隶属度场的权重根据像素离散种类进行自适应变化,在消除噪声影响的同时,尽可能保留弥散张量成像(DTI)的图像细节信息.实验结果表明:该算法可以准确分割DTI图像,得到边缘清晰且细节信息保留良好的分割结果,与FCM算法以及MRF和FCM融合算法相比,其分割系数至少提高了3%,分割熵至少降低了2%,分割聚类效果得到提高,且分割系数和分割熵都不易受噪声幅度的影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with