再研《考工记》

先简述1991年及1998年作者推证不能由青铜器物之组成判断《考工记》之规定是否可信,并由器物与车轮等的尺寸不符《考工记》之规定而讨论《考工记》成书年代和实用价值.再检讨1998年后新收集有关戈、剑、钟及车轮等的尺寸,补充了殳之柲长的数据.发现均与《考工记》不合,而可说明《考工记》并无“手工业技术规范”的作用.又推想成书大约在秦始皇亲政之后.     

《考工记》中车制问题的两点商榷

《考工记》是中国现存最早的手工业生产专著，其中就车制论述颇多，一些疑惑也随之而生．刘广定教授比较了《考工记》所记载的“轮径／牙围”值与秦陵出土的一号铜车该比值，从而推断《考工记》成书于秦代．此说值得商榷，因为该车车制上其他多项并未符合《考工记》之规范．还讨论《考工记·轮人》中“量其薮以黍”的解释，认为其意应该是用黍测量车两毂中空的容积是否相同．     

从《考工记》到《伐檀》——科技史与古代文学的交叉研究一例

利用《考工记》中科技记载来探索《伐檀》的主旨,说明科技史与古代文学之间能够进行交叉研究.首先,根据《考工记》在周代车轮制作及其检验过程与水密切相关,推定《伐檀》的作者应为古代车轮制造者-"轮人".其次,根据《考工记》中关于古代社会分工的相关记载,说明周代"百工"的特殊社会地位,从而表明《伐檀》中的"君子",即"轮人"是无需从事耕作和狩猎的.第三,根据《考工记》中"周人上舆"的论述和关于车辆制造特别是车轮制作的详细记载,说明"轮人"对社会的重要价值.由此可知,《伐檀》的主旨不是对剥削者不劳而获的讽刺,而是对"轮人"劳作和生活的赞美.最后,建议在科技史与古代文学之间交叉研究应是双向的,即不仅从古代文学作品中发现科技史的信息,而且以科技史成果来探讨古代文学中的问题.     

《韩非子》中的力学知识

对于先秦古籍《墨经》和《考工记》中的力学知识,人们作过不少研究.除《墨经》和《考工记》外,《韩非子》也是包含力学知识较多的先秦古籍之一.     

《考工记》弓矢词语系统考

全面整理中国最早的手工业技术文献《考工记》的弓矢词语,我们发现,《考工记》的弓矢词语有两种层次关系,即一般与个别、整体与部分;弓矢词语之间具有纵向、上下和横向的结构关联,并由此形成词语立体网络,体现了事物联系的普遍性。     

《白古通记》的作者考辨——兼与赵应宝先生商榷

考察《白古通记》的作者,是《白古通记》研究的重要组成部分,本文提出,要考察《白古通记》的作者,不仅要研究《白古通记》的内容,还必须对《白古通记》的成书年代有明确的认识。由于《白古通记》在明洪武十七年至永乐十四年间成书,而杨黼的生活年代为明永乐至成化年间,杨黼未成人时,《白古通记》已经成书,所以,杨黼不是《白古通记》的作者,《白古通记》不可能是他隐居宾川鸡足山期间所作。《白古通记》的作者为大理喜洲人,姓杨。     

《考工记》——中国最早应用优先数的技术标准文献

1877年~1879年,法国军人雷诺运用优先数使绳索规格由425种简化成17种,在此基础上形成了优先数系列。我国春秋战国时期的手工业技术标准总汇《考工记》,记述了优先数和优先数系的具体运用。虽然当时的数系概念及其应用还是原始的和初步的,但却比法国人首次研究并应用优先数和优先数系的1877年早了约2300年~2600年。由此可证,《考工记》是中国最早记载优先数和优先数系应用的技术标准文献。     

《考工记》之“成规法”辨析

通过角弓制作与习射实践,发现《考工记》"弓人为人"里的"合九而成规"(即"成规法")可以重新解读,认为其意并非9张角弓在上弦时首尾相接组成一个整圆,按郑玄及贾公彦的注释可以推理出其本意是指在角弓下弦后的反曲状态,但依据这些注释所给的数量关系和实际效果相比较,发现这种后人的注释仍有不切实际的内容.因此推断《考工记》中的"成规法"是一个比较理想化的用以界定天子、诸侯和士兵的一种礼制规范.     

对话理论视阈中的《约伯记》

《约伯记》是一部既重要又复杂的圣经篇章,成书背景和宗教属性的双重因素赋予其高深的哲学内涵与罕见的文体结构,使《约伯记》在内容和形式上呈现出不确定性、对话性的特征。《约伯记》在后世的评述可谓汗牛充栋,然而"义人为何受苦"是其比较公认的主题。本文运用巴赫金对话理论,以这一主题为核心,辐射《约伯记》的成书、文体、叙事及哲学内涵等诸多方面,对《约伯记》进行探讨性解读。     

中国古耕具的起源和演变

本文指出长期以来对中国古耕具“耒耜”的一种误解。古籍《周礼·考工记》所载,弯曲如“S”形之木耒,并非锹、镐之曲柄,而是一种“原犁”,一种没有犁辕的,以绳索牵引工作的“无辕古犁”。它是由锹到犁的过渡农具。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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