一种FGH95镍基合金的晶格常数及蠕变行为

通过对FGH95合金进行组织形貌观察、晶格常数测定和蠕变性能测试,研究了该合金的组织结构及蠕变特征.结果表明:合金经热等静压后,组织致密,并有粗大γ’相沿原始颗粒边界不连续析出;经完全热处理后,粗大γ’相数量减少,细小γ’相在晶内弥散析出,且碳化物沿晶界和晶内不连续析出;同时,HIP合金经完全热处理后,经XRD谱线测定表明合金中γ’相晶格常数减小,γ相晶格常数增大,且在γ与γ’两相间存在较大的晶格错配度和晶格应变,使合金具有较高的蠕变抗力,故合金在1.034 GPa,650℃条件下具有较长的蠕变寿命;合金在蠕变期间的变形特征是可形成位错缠结、位错绕过或切入γ’相.     

预拉伸对7050铝合金腐蚀性能的影响

通过硬度、电导率、Tafel极化曲线、慢应变速率拉伸测试及光学显微镜、透射电镜组织观察,研究预拉伸变形量对7050铝合金板材强度和腐蚀性能的影响.研究结果表明:预拉伸引入大量位错,在时效过程中促进η平衡相的形核;随着预拉伸变形量的增大,晶内η相增多、粗化,合金的强度降低,电导率升高;随着预拉伸变形量增大,合金内的位错密度增大,空位浓度降低,晶界析出相间距先增大后减小,抗腐蚀性能先增大后减小;无沉淀析出带(PFZ)先变宽后消失,抗腐蚀性能先减小后增大;综合晶界析出相的分布和PFZ宽度的共同影响,随着预拉伸变形量的增大,板材的抗腐蚀性能先逐渐减小后迅速降低.     

FGH95镍基合金组织结构对持久性能的影响

通过对不同温度热等静压FGH95合金进行完全热处理、组织形貌观察、XRD谱线分析及持久性能测试,研究FGH95合金组织结构对持久性能的影响。结果表明:随着HIP温度升高,分布在原始颗粒边界处的粗大γ′相数量和尺寸逐渐减小,当HIP温度提高至1 180℃,晶粒明显长大。热等静压合金经完全热处理后,粒状碳化物沿晶界和晶内不连续分布,且细小γ′相在基体中弥散析出。经X线衍射分析,随热等静压温度升高,γ和γ′两相晶格常数略有增加,但错配度逐渐减小;在650℃,1 034 MPa条件下,由于1 120℃HIP合金完全热处理后具有较高的晶格错配度,致使合金具有较长持久寿命;合金在蠕变期间的变形特征是位错滑移,位错绕过或剪切γ′相。     

Al-1%Si合金剧烈塑性变形中Si元素形态对合金组织与性能的影响

合金元素能够以固溶态或纳米颗粒析出形态影响铝合金变形过程中微观组织演化,但哪种形态对铝合金微观组织影响更显著仍有争议.以Al-1%Si合金为研究对象,通过在变形前改变硅原子析出态与固溶态的比例,利用多道次累积叠轧焊方法实现大变形,对比研究了在微观组织和力学性能达到饱和状态过程中纳米析出硅颗粒、晶粒尺寸和位错密度的演化,以比较固溶原子与析出颗粒对铝合金变形过程中组织及性能的影响.结果表明,初始样品中固溶原子越多,析出颗粒越少,变形后饱和位错密度更高,晶粒尺寸更小,对应屈服强度更高.Al-1%Si合金中弥散分布的固溶硅原子比同质量的纳米析出硅颗粒阻碍位错动态回复的总效果更好,与位错理论分析相符.材料内位错回复能力也会影响饱和晶粒尺寸,位错回复能力越强,饱和晶粒尺寸更大.     

预时效6201铝合金重复连续挤压组织与力学性能

利用电子背散射衍射、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、偏光金相显微镜和拉伸试验对连铸连轧6201铝合金经预时效及随后重复连续挤压过程中组织和性能进行研究.结果表明:6201铝合金的强塑积随着挤压道次的增加逐渐增加,从原始的2.93 GPa·%增加到第四道次的4.85 GPa·%,之后趋于平稳.预时效后合金析出了大量的β″相,随着重复连续挤压道次的增加,晶粒有效细化且组织变得更加均匀,晶粒平均尺寸从259μm细化至60μm;合金中高密度的位错逐渐缠结、塞积并向亚晶界转变,时效析出的针状β″相逐渐回溶到合金基体中.力学性能的变化是晶粒细化与均匀化、位错组态的变化以及弥散的β″相回溶的综合结果.     

往复镦挤2A66铝锂合金室温拉伸性能及韧化机制

利用电子衍射背散射、透射电子显微观察、扫描电镜观察和室温拉伸试验对往复镦挤不同变形道次的2A66合金的组织和力学性能进行了检测和分析.结果表明,往复镦挤可以有效细化2A66铝锂合金组织,使组织更加均匀.随着往复镦挤变形道次增加,2A66铝锂合金中高密度位错逐渐向位错墙和亚晶界转变,粗大的第二相分布更均匀,弥散的β′相有部分回溶到2A66铝锂合金基体中.往复镦挤变形后2A66铝锂合金的塑性大幅提高,强度略有下降,其韧化主要是位错组态的变化、粗大的θ′相的均匀和细化以及弥散的β′相部分回溶的结果.     

工艺参数对低铝钛GH600合金显微组织及析出相的影响

利用Gleeble3800热模拟实验机,对低铝钛GH600合金进行热压缩实验;利用金相显微镜研究工艺参数对显微组织演变规律的影响;利用透射电镜及能谱观察分析析出相、位错等微观结构。结果表明:提高变形量可以得到细晶组织,改善合金的使用性能,并且在大变形量下,动态再结晶容易进行,软化效果得到提高,在一定程度上改善合金的加工性能。当变形温度升高时,再结晶比例得到很大的提高,合金动态再结晶体积分数增大,位错密度降低,使加工容易进行。但当变形温度过高时,再结晶组织会出现粗化现象。低铝钛GH600合金的优选热加工工艺参数为:温度1 100~1 150℃,变形量60%。在这种工艺条件下,合金中的再结晶程度最高,再结晶晶粒没有出现粗化现象,并且析出相的成分、尺寸也为理想状态。     

2种时效制度对2A97合金组织和性能的影响

研究2种时效制度对2A97合金组织性能的影响.研究结果表明:塑性指标随时效温度提高和时效时间延长而降低;对于同一时效温度,随着时效时间的延长,强度出现峰值,时效温度越高,出现峰值的时间越短;时效前适当的预变形可以增加位错密度,为θ'相和T1相提供更多的形核点,使时效析出相数目增多,析出相尺寸细化,从而保证合金具有良好塑性的同时有较高的强度;2A97合金的峰值时效制度是在165℃保温60 h,最佳应变时效制度为预变形6%后在135℃保温60 h.     

工艺参数对低铝钛GH600合金显微组织及析出相的影响

利用Gleeble3800热模拟实验机,对低铝钛GH600合金进行热压缩实验;利用金相显微镜研究工艺参数对显微组织演变规律的影响;利用透射电镜及能谱观察分析析出相、位错等微观结构。结果表明:提高变形量可以得到细晶组织,改善合金的使用性能,并且在大变形量下,动态再结晶容易进行,软化效果得到提高,在一定程度上改善合金的加工性能。当变形温度升高时,再结晶比例得到很大的提高,合金动态再结晶体积分数增大,位错密度降低,使加工容易进行。但当变形温度过高时,再结晶组织会出现粗化现象。低铝钛GH600合金的优选热加工工艺参数为:温度1 100~1 150℃,变形量60%。在这种工艺条件下,合金中的再结晶程度最高,再结晶晶粒没有出现粗化现象,并且析出相的成分、尺寸也为理想状态。     

塑性变形对TiNbTaZr合金微观结构的影响

用透射电子显微镜对不同轧制变形量的TiNbTaZr合金进行观察分析,结果表明:该合金轧制前为单相β相,轧制后出现应力诱发马氏体α"相,变形主要以位错-滑移为主,有少量马氏体α"相形成,马氏体α"相为正交晶系,单胞参数a=0.3152 nm,b=0.4854 nm,c=0.4642 nm;β相与马氏体α"相的位向关系为(011)β//(010)α″,(011)β//(002)α″,(100)β//(100)α″,[100]β//[100]α″。硬度检测表明:TiNbTaZr合金的硬度值随变形量的增大而增加,变形过程中形成的高密度位错是硬度值增大的主要原因。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that