紫外诱变原生质体选育碱性蛋白酶高产菌株的研究Ⅲ.诱变株的选育及其产酶条件的研究

以地衣芽孢杆菌（ＢａｃｉｌｕｓＬｉｃｈｅｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ）５３号菌为出发菌株，在原生质形成和再生的最佳条件下制备原生质体，并对原生质体进行了多次诱变处理，从大量突变株进行筛选最终获得了高产、稳定、耐热的碱性蛋白酶产生菌株５３－Ｇ３８－６，产酶活力由１１０４Ｕ／ｍｌ提高到２２０８０Ｕ／ｍｌ．该诱变株最适产酶条件为：培养基由质量分数（ｗ／％）为胰蛋白胨１，酵母膏０．５，玉米粉５，Ｎａ２ＨＰＯ４１２Ｈ２Ｏ０．４，ＫＨ２ＰＯ４０．０３，Ｎａ２ＣＯ３０．１组成，ｐＨ自然，培养温度４２℃，培养时间４４～４８ｈ，ｗ／％为０．２的ＣａＣＯ３可提高酶的产量．酶作用的最适条件：６２℃，ｐＨ１０．０，ｐＨ在９～１０之间稳定     

平菇原生质体制备、再生及灭活研究

紫孢侧耳、糙皮侧耳和佛罗里达侧耳的原生质体制备与再生的最佳条件为：用１％溶壁酶＋０．５％蜗牛酶的混合酶液酶解培养３～４天的菌丝体，１．５小时后，原生质体产量均可达１０￣（１０）个／Ｌ；三种侧耳的最佳再生培养基分别为ＳＭ、ＭＰ和ＲＰ，再生率分别为０．６１％、０．６７％和０．７６％。随着紫外线对原生质体处理时间的加长，再生率逐渐下降，当处理４ｍｉｎ时，再生率接近零。     

酵母嗜杀质粒融合转移──Ⅰ．融合转移系统的建立

以嗜杀酵母ＥＲＲ１和啤酒生产酵母ＡＳ２４２０出发菌株，建立了供体菌ＭＫ２－３：Ｋ＋Ｒ＋Ｌｅｕ－ρ＋（ｎ）和受体菌ＡＳ２４２０－１：Ｋ－Ｒ－ｌｅｕ＋ρ°（２ｎ）．对原生质体制备再生条件的研究结果表明两株菌的原生质体制备条件不尽相同；同一菌株原生质体形成与再生的最佳条件也不相同．有利于融合再生的原生质体制备条件是ＭＫ２－３：菌龄３０ｈ，蜗牛酶解量３０ｇ／Ｌ酶解时间３０ｍｉｎ，此时原生质体形成率为８０％，而再生率达１７．１％，这些条件对嗜杀活性无影响，再生菌落的嗜杀活性率达１００％；而ＡＳ２４２０－１；菌龄２４ｈ，蜗牛酶量２０ｇ／Ｌ，酶解时间３０ｍｉｎ，原生质体形成率为８１％，再生率为１８．１％．对四种渗透压稳定剂的再生效果实验表明甘露醇效果最佳，氯化钾次之，考虑到廉价，氯化钾是很好的代用品，在３０％ＰＥＧ６０００及Ｃａ２＋条件下进行原生质体融合，融合率可达８．９×１０－６，对其中的融合子ＭＡＲ４的遗传性状及嗜杀活性的稳定性检测，ＤＮＡ含量及细胞大小测定，ｄｓＲＮＡ质粒的提取及电泳结果分析和发酵性能测定，结果表明融合子ＭＡＲ４具有较高的嗜杀活性并可以稳定遗传，有与供体菌ＭＫ２－３嗜杀质粒ｄｓＲＮＡ相同的电泳行为，     

碱性脂肪酶产生菌——扩展青霉K40原生质体的制备和 …

采用０．６％纤维素酶加０．６％蜗牛酶的混合酶由扩展青霉Ｋ４０中获得大量的原生质体,并比较了菌龄、二硫苏糖醇（ＤＴＴ）预处理方式、酶解时间、温度、ｐＨ、培养基成分及稳定剂等因素对原生质体的形成和再生的作用。选出制备原生质体的最适条件：０．６％纤维素酶＋０．６％蜗牛酶,在０．６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＣｌ＋０．３％ＣａＣｌ２,ＤＴＴ预处理０．５ｈ,菌龄为１９～２０ｈ,ｐＨ５．４,２８℃酶解３～３．５ｈ,原生质     

淀粉直接发酵酒精的菌株选育──内孢霉酵母与酿酒酵母属间原生质体融合

本研究旨在构建直接发酵淀粉生产酒精的酵母菌．选择具α－淀粉酶和葡萄糖淀粉酶活性的Ｅ．ｆｉｂｕｌｉｇｅｒａＥ１１灭活的原生质体，与耐高温产酒率高的Ｓ．ｃｅｒｅｖｉｓｉａｅＨＢ－６－９单倍体进行属间原生质体融合．经３５％ＰＥＧ－５０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＣａＣｌ２诱导，在再生选择培养基上融合率１．０～１．５×１０－６，获得１２个性能稳定的融合株．部分融合株生长速度、淀粉水解能力、可溶性淀粉直接发酵酒精的能力明显高于两亲株．     

马铃薯叶肉细胞感染Phytophthorainfestans（Mont.）dby的变化

Ｐ．ｉｎｆｅｓｔａｎｓ游动孢子在０．４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ甘露醇溶液的Ｒｏｓｓ原生质体培养基中生长表明。在最初几小时生长的差别不大，只有经过２０ｈ之后，在培养基中游动孢了孢芽长度比对照（水中）较长。在液体培养基中共同培养原生质体和孢芽，没有发现游动孢子孢芽营养趋向。同时，Ｐ．ｉｎｆｅｓｔａｎｓ不同生理小种菌丝体潜育的原生质体的存活率，经过５－６ｈ有显著差别。贝拉（Ｂｅｅｌｌａ）（Ｒ１）品种原生质体在生理小种     

黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)原生质体电融会(Ⅰ)─黑曲霉原生质体形成与再生的研究

通过紫外诱变获得两株稳定的黑曲霉营养缺陷型Ｍｕ２（Ｍｅｔ－）和Ｄ１２（Ｃｙｓ－），并首次证实低温黑暗保存数小时对黑曲霉突变株具有稳定作用。系统地研究了菌龄、渗透压稳定剂、温度、酶的浓度和酶解系统等因素对黑曲霉原生质体形成的影响．采用２％溶壁酶加０．５％纤维素酶，获得了大量的原生质体。在显微镜下观察原生质体形成和再生过程， Ｍｕ２和 Ｄ１２再生率分别为 ５４％和 ３３％。原生质体在正弦交变电场（１ＭＨｚ，４５０ Ｖ／ｃｍ）作用下形成珠串，在高压电脉冲（强度 ９．０ ｋＶ／ｃｍ、时程 ２５ μｓ）触发下，发生融合。     

乙烯气相聚合高效催化剂的组成和聚合反应

研究了２种类型的乙烯气相聚合高活性催花剂．用ＳｉＯ２,ＭｇＣｌ２作复合载体,负载ＴｉＣｌ４制得的ＳＭ型催化剂,载体中含ｗ（Ｔｉ）为２％～３％,ｗ（Ｔｉ３＋）为３５％～５９％,比表面积１０５～１２０ｍ２／ｇ,催化活性每小时每克催化剂Ｔｉ催化得５．０～５．７ｋｇ产物ＰＥ（ｋｇ·ｇ－１·ｈ－１）,聚合动力学曲线为衰减型．用镁粉、卤代烷、四氯化钛为主要组分制备的ＭＧ－２型催化剂,载体中ｗ（Ｔｉ）为６％～７％,ｗ（Ｔｉ３＋）为５５％～６９％,比表面积７０～８５ｍ２／ｇ,催化活性１．８～２．０ｋｇ·ｇ－１·ｈ－１,聚合动力学曲线为平稳型．对ＳＭ型催化剂扫描电镜及图象分析得到颗粒平均粒径（ｄ）,颗粒长短轴比（ｄｌ／ｄｓ）及颗粒大小粒径比（ｄｍａｘ／ｄｍｉｎ）分别为３１μｍ,１．４０２,４．１,ＭＧ－２型催化剂为３３μｍ,１．５２４,７．０,相应聚合产物颗粒的ｄ,ｄｌ／ｄｓ,ｄｍａｘ／ｄｍｉｎ,ＳＭ型催化剂为２４７μｍ,１．２９５,４．６,ＭＧ－２型催化剂为２６３μｍ,１．５４０,９．０．显示出ＳＭ催化剂更优良的聚合性能．     

茴香原生质体培养研究

以茴香（ＦｏｅｎｉｃｕｌｕｍｖｕｌｇａｒｅＬ．）幼苗茎切段在ＭＳ附近２，４－Ｄ１ｍｇ／Ｌ、６－ＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上诱导产生愈伤组织，经４～５次继代后形成胚性愈伤组织。将胚性愈伤组织转至ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ１ｍｇ／Ｌ＋２，４－Ｄ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋６－ＢＡ０．２５ｍｇ／Ｌ的液体培养基中培养，形成胚性细胞悬浮系。悬浮细胞在含有１．５％纤维素酶、１％果胶酶、０．５％蜗牛酶的混合酶液中酶解得到大量的原生质体，原生质体用修改的ＫＭ８Ｐ培养基中做液体浅层培养。２天后细胞发生一裂，两个月后形成０．５～１ｍｍ大小的小愈伤组织，转入含琼脂糖的固体培养基中３周后形成２～３ｍｍ的愈伤组织     

黑曲霉和假丝酵母属间原生质体融合的研究

用ＰＥＧ促融剂使经硫酸二乙酯灭活的黑曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓｎｉｇｅｒ）Ｗ２５原生质体与假丝酵母（Ｃａｎｄｉｄａｓｐ．）Ｙ００２原生质体融合，在选择性培养基上获得能利用羧甲基纤维素作唯一碳源生长的杂种酵母ＦＡＣＣ．经遗传特性、碳源同化及ＤＮＡ含量等项目分析，表明杂种菌株ＦＡＣＣ与双亲菌株有区别，并进行酶活与ＳＣＰ产量的比较．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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