VAR熔炼TiAl铸锭的成分分布及显微偏析

 采用XRD、SEM和化学成分分析等方法,分析了VAR二次熔炼获得的Ti-46Al-2Cr-2Nb铸锭的成分分布、微观组织及显微偏析,研究了其形成的规律。结果表明,沿铸锭径向,Al元素在R/2处质量分数最高,边缘及中心质量分数较低,Cr元素由边缘向中心质量分数逐渐增多,Nb元素从铸锭边缘到中心质量分数逐渐减少;沿铸锭轴向,Al元素自底部到顶部质量分数逐渐降低,Cr元素分布遵循正偏析元素规律,Nb元素偏析规律与Al元素相似。铸锭大部分区域为由α₂+γ片层团及晶界处少量等轴状γ相组成的近全片层组织,在铸锭中心偏上的区域存在由(α₂+γ)片层团组成的全片层结构。铸锭中显微偏析主要存在于片层团交界处,其中Cr元素的显微偏析比较严重。     

镍对TiAl合金层片状组织分解的影响

对镍原子百分数分别为０％,０．２％和０．５％的ＴｉＡｌ合金试样在１０５０℃和１１５０℃进行了层片组织分解退火实验。并对ＴｉＡｌ合金的铸态组织和不同条件下退火的组织进行了金相分析。结果表明：镍的加入细化了合金的铸态组织,促进了层片组织分解,显著缩短了分解退火时间。镍原子百分数为０．５％的ＴｉＡｌ合金在１１５０℃下退火１６８ ｈ即可获得均匀细小的等轴近γ组织。     

固溶热处理对一种第三代镍基单晶高温合金组织及高温持久性能的影响

研究了固溶热处理对一种Re含量为6.5%(质量分数)的第三代单晶高温合金组织及持久性能的影响,实验结果表明:合金铸态下存在明显的凝固偏析,枝晶间区域存在大量的(γ+γ′)共晶组织。固溶过程中,共晶组织在1 335℃以上开始快速溶解,但难熔元素,尤其是Re元素的偏析需要在1 360℃以上才能有明显改善;经过1 365℃固溶后疏松含量增加至0.21%(体积分数),接近铸态下疏松含量的5.2倍。铸态及经1 360℃和1 365℃固溶热处理后合金的持久性能测试结果显示:固溶热处理显著改善了合金的持久性能,且固溶温度越高,持久性能越高。在高温持久加载过程中,铸态合金的裂纹主要沿枝晶间分布,在(γ+γ′)共晶组织处萌生;当固溶温度较低时,且枝晶干处析出了较多的TCP(topologically close-packed)相,未能充分降低Re元素的偏析可能是导致枝晶干处TCP相大量析出的主要原因;当固溶温度较高时,TCP相析出量较少。     

Ni-Al-B高温形状记忆合金的显微组织和相组成

用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X—射线衍射仪及能谱仪研究了 Ni— Al—B系高温形状记忆合金的显微组织和相组成 ,结果表明 :合金的铸态室温组织由β相 ,L1 0 马氏体 ,γ′相及γ相组成 .β相呈枝晶形态 ;L1 0 马氏体呈片状 ;γ′相在枝晶间呈不规则形状 ,而在 β相内呈麦穗状 ;γ相与枝晶间 γ′相呈离异共晶组织     

Cu-Fe-P-Zn合金铸态及均匀化组织

采用大气熔炼的方法制备3种成分的Cu-Fe-P-Zn合金,并利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱分析等测试手段对合金的铸态组织及成分偏析进行了研究.结果表明:Cu-2.3Fe-0.03P-0.12Zn合金合适的均匀化处理制度为960℃保温6h.Cu-2.3Fe-(0.4～0.6)P-0.12Zn合金的铸态组织除存在明显的枝晶外,还有大量未溶解的富Fe和P的Fe2P和Fe3P相,最大粒径可达15μm.随着P含量的增加,未溶相也逐渐增多.经过960℃均匀化退火处理后,各合金的枝晶组织可基本消除,但Cu-2.3Fe-(0.4～0.6)P-0.12Zn合金的未溶相熔点高,很难通过均匀化退火来消除.模拟得到铜铁合金的均匀化动力学计算公式为:1/T=3.835×10-5 ln(1.2×10-3 t/L2).     

TC4钛合金搅拌摩擦焊微观组织特征及影响

采用搅拌摩擦焊技术在保护气氛下对单块TC4钛合金板材施焊,并获得良好成形。重点研究了搅拌区α+β双相微观组织演变机制及不同工艺参数对组织硬度的影响。结果表明,在经优化后的工艺参数条件下,搅拌区组织经历了α/β相变,最终形成基于β相区的α+β双态组织,搅拌头行走过后冷却析出的层片状α相沿β相区界面及内部分布,α相及β相晶粒细化明显,α/β层片间距的缩小可增强α+β复相强化效应,提高搅拌区硬度。搅拌头转速的提高增加了β相区的长大倾向,行进速度的提高降低了α相比例,并可生成针状马氏体。     

生物医用Zn-5Al合金的微观组织与性能

研究了生物医用Zn-5Al合金的微观组织结构演化,探讨了其组织对力学性能的影响.对铸态、均匀化处理和轧制态Zn-5Al合金的微观组织进行了表征,分析了合金的相组成,测试了轧制态Zn-5Al合金的力学性能.结果表明:铸态与均匀化处理后的Zn-5Al合金的相组成均主要为η-Zn相和α-Al相,铸态合金组织片层间距约为300nm.均匀化处理过程中发生了共析反应,合金中的α-Al相由铸态的长条形演变为球形共晶组织.经过总变形率85%的热轧变形后,Zn-5Al合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为98MPa和130MPa,断裂延伸率达到74%.     

Mn含量对铸造高铌TiAl合金组织和性能的影响

选择两种Mn含量不同的高铌TiAl合金Ti46Al8Nb2Mn0.2B和Ti46Al8Nb1.3Mn0.2B,通过热等静压(HIP)及后续热处理,结合组织和力学性能的分析,研究了Mn含量对高铌TiAl合金的组织和性能的影响.XRD和SEM背散射电子实验结果表明:Mn含量较高的Ti46Al8Nb2Mn0.2B合金,经热等静压及循环热处理,得到的双态组织较粗大,并且有少量脆性β相存在;Mn含量较低的Ti46Al8Nb1.3Mn0.2B合金,经热等静压后直接在双相区长时间保温处理,得到了细小的双态组织,并且完全消除了β相.室温拉伸实验表明,Mn含量的降低提高了Ti46Al8Nb1.3Mn0.2B合金的力学性能,其延伸率、屈服强度和断裂强度分别达到2.4%、548MPa和660MPa.断口形貌分析表明,室温下两种合金都属于解理断裂.     

钨对1295℃/10 h热处理后Ti-Al-Nb-W-B合金微观组织的影响

将铸态Ti-Al-Nb-W-B合金经过热等静压和均匀化热处理后，再在1295℃保温10h。将铸态、均匀化处理态及热处理态合金的扫描电镜背散射电子像进行比较研究。研究结果表明：经过1295℃热处理后Ti-Al-Nb-W-B合金的晶团显著长大，相对细小的晶团长大成粗大的晶团组织；当合金中钨的含量低于0．7％时，在晶界或晶内均有析出相，且呈弥散分布；锯齿状晶界显示出层片的非连续长大，说明在层片组织生成的同时，层片也在发生非连续长大；钨含量对析出相的数量有较大影响，对晶团的形成、长大等影响较小，对层片的影响较小。     

5383铝合金铸锭偏析行为及均匀化制度的研究

采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,X射线衍射仪（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）,研究了铸态5383铝合金的元素偏析行为及均匀化制度对其微观组织演变的影响.研究结果表明：铸态5383铝合金组织中Mg、Cu和Mn等元素偏析严重,晶界处有大量网状分布的难溶金属间相;均匀化处理后,非平衡共晶相和难溶金属间相发生回溶,晶粒长大并球化,Mg、Cu和Mn等元素偏析程度减小,同时在位错和晶界附近有大量细小析出相;结合试验及均匀化动力学方程计算结果,得到试验合金的最佳均匀化工艺为480~490℃退火24 h,过烧温度为506℃.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with