Information systems with partially unknown purposes

In “traditional” information systems design theory it is usually assumed that the information system to be designed has, at least in principle, a well-defined purpose, that is, a purpose from which it is possible to derive, among other things, the information needs to be satisfied by the information system. However, there is a category of information systems of growing practical significance, where the purposes are partially unknown. Some examples of types of information systems which typically belong to this category are decision support systems, executive information systems, statistical information systems, scientific information systems, and metainformation systems. When an information system belonging to this category is going to be designed, it is usually impossible to specify its usage with great precision. The business decisions, research problems, or whatever kind of activity it is that the information system is going to support may not yet even have been thought of; they may lie a long time ahead, and by then many things may have changed within the area of interest and its environment, as well as in the focus of interest of the information system users. This paper discusses some of the methodological challenges posed by information systems with partially unknown purposes.     

DSS信息组织技术的现状与未来

DSS是一种为管理服务的信息系统。在现代社会, 决策任务、决策环境及决策过程是复杂多变的, 因此, 在这种信息系统中, 信息组织的结构、形态及加工处理方法, 都要与复杂多变的决策任务、决策环境及决策过程相适应, 才能为用户提供有效的决策支持。本文在回顾DSS二十年的发展历程中, 已经取得的信息组织技术成就基础上, 阐述了需要继续研究的各种技术方法, 并对进入21世纪未来十年DSS信息组织技术研究可能取得的突破作了进一步展望。     

C~3I系统评估中信息效用概念的提出

为了从用户使用信息的角度评价C3I系统 ,提出了C3I系统信息生产 -消费模型和信息效用概念。通过信息生产 -消费模型 ,可以将C3I系统转化为信息的生产和消费系统 ,在这一系统中生产和消费的是信息。借鉴微观经济学中效用的观念 ,引入信息效用的概念 ,以信息效用为手段对信息进行分析评估 ,进而可以对C3I系统中生产和消费信息的各部件及对整个系统进行分析评估     

广义信息序量范式建构初步

广义信息的序量符号范式将潜在信息、无序的物质能量、显在信息符号表示为：0（1,0）、0（0,1）、1（1,1）,并作为符号范式体系的初始框架。序量是信息实际表现的有序度,各种信息系统序量的定义,是建构广义信息符号范式体系的重要步骤。普遍的序量范式,将多倍、多层次系统的序量表达为基层、基本系统序量的一定运算结果。以序量范式表述广义信息相互作用规律,具有凸现本质的优点。     

Developing an Information System for Sustainable Natural Resource Management in Alborz Watershed, Northern Iran

This article explores the potentials of systems analysis and design of information system for sustainable natural resource management. Soft and hard system analyses were performed to better understand the information needs and design of an information system for improving decision making for achieving sustainable natural resource management. In order to analyze the complex and soft systems situations for developing an effective information system, which meets related actors’ changing needs, a conceptual model inspired by soft systems methodology (SSM) was developed. This model is based on information derived from twelve farmers who were purposely selected to represent diverse conditions and 23 agricultural extension experts across the Alborz Watershed in Mazandaran Province, located in northern Iran. Since a conceptual model resulting from SSM is not in itself sufficient as the basis for the implementation of information systems, a hard system methodology was used to structure the data handling by using unified modeling language. This research has shown the promising potentiality of using soft system analysis methodology as a preliminary step to the actual design of an information system in the natural resource management situation in the watershed system level when combined with hard system analysis methods.     

An Information Theory Approach to the Data Compression and Imaging System for Synthetic Aperture Radar （SAR）

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目标机动策略的智能决策支持系统研究

在建立地面防空作战信息对抗模型的过程中,为充分利用目标机动时的定性和定量信息,应用智能决策支持系统的基本理论和方法建立了目标机动策略的智能决策支持系统模型。该系统模型突出知识库创建、知识表示方法、模型库和决策支持系统建立,形成了具有专家水准的目标机动的战术机动自动决策仿真机制,为地面防空作战信息对抗模型的进一步研究提供了良好的平台。     

基于多智能体技术的智能大厦信息管理

分析了建立智能大厦信息管理系统的最新要求 ,提出了采用多智能体技术建立智能大厦的综合集成管理体系。针对智能大厦信息管理系统的特点 ,建立了智能大厦多智能体系统 ,给出了系统构成、系统结构及建立该系统所面临的关键技术 ,阐述了建立该系统所面临的任务。进一步地提出了采用多种智能体的解决方法 ,即采用人机智能体 ,移动智能体 ,异质智能体和信息智能体技术 ,为智能大厦的智能化和集成化提供新的途径。     

信息系统开发的并行工程方法

叙述了并行工程的概念和特点 ,并且将并行工程的原理应用于信息系统开发过程 ,提出了信息系统开发的生命周期、信息系统开发的上游工程和下游工程等概念 ,并以一具体开发实例说明这种方法的优点 .     

特征指标信息不完全的系统聚类方法

针对聚类时象特征指标值信息不完全且指标权重确定的多指标聚类分析问题，提出了一种新的系统聚类分析方法。在本文中，首先时特种指标值信息不完全的多指标聚类问题进行了描述；然后依据待统的系统聚类分析方法的基本思路，给出了书解特征指标值信息不完全的多指标聚类问题的计算步辣，其核心是通过构建并求解二次规划模型，将不完全信息转化为完全的数值信息的形式，进而通过运用系统聚类法的思路，即可得到所有聚类对象的分类结果。最后通过给出了一个算例说明本文提出的方法。     

供应链中共享信息价值的量化:基于Agent的仿真研究

对于供应链管理来说，量化的信息价值有助于供应链成员之间的协调和信息共享战略的实施．为此，考虑一个面临非线性需求AR(1)的三层供应链系统，利用Agent对其进行建模，同时讨论了系统中Agent的结构、Agent之间的交互与决策以及基于Agent的供应链系统的运作过程．在此基础上，对供应链中共享信息的价值进行了仿真研究．在仿真实例中，分析了共享信息对整个供应链系统成本以及各供应链成员成本的影响，讨论了信息共享的价值在供应链成员中的分布及对分销商成本结构的影响．     

Further Investigation of Characteristic Relation in Incomplete Information System

In the recent years, the method to expand Pawlak's rough set model in different kinds of information systems has become a hot topic. This article presents explorative research focusing on the transition from the traditional information system to a complex system—the incomplete information system. In such information system, “do not care” and lost unknown attribute values coexist. With a further investigation of Grzymala-Busse's characteristic relation in the incomplete information system, two unreasonable situations in the analysis of the classified problem are presented. To conduct sound classification in the incomplete information system, a new characteristic relation is proposed and by use of this new characteristic relation, the complete covering on the universe is formed. Based on the maximal complete compatible classes in the complete covering, two notions of the knowledge representation system are presented and some important properties associated with these knowledge representation systems are discussed. For further illustration, an example is analyzed. The research is meaningful both in theory and in applications for the extension of the rough set theory in incomplete information systems.     

Monitoring of Policy Implementation: Convergent Mobile and Fixed Technologies as Emergent Enablers

Based on the viable system model (VSM), a system viability refers to the capability of a system to exist and maintain its sustainability within an environment. In this framework, monitoring function supports the gathering of relevant information directly from the operating units and feeding them into the formal control function. In turn, the control function uses the information to produce reports for the higher level functions of intelligence and policymaking, which later utilise these information for their decision making. Given its role, monitoring function supports the viability of a system, especially in large-scale policy-based system. However, studies on the functions of a system monitoring are generally lacking, leading to the lack of understanding on how to conduct monitoring in a viable system implementation. The objectives of this study are a) to discuss the role of monitoring in a viable system framework, and b) to conceptualize the function of monitoring within a policy-based system that is enabled by technologies. To achieve these objectives, this study reviews the literature on monitoring (in relation to VSM framework), on research process in general, as well as on technology adoption. This conceptual exploration generates an emergent viable system model that can guide future researchers in conducting an action research of monitoring function implementation.     

车载GNSS失锁下基于BPNN的微陀螺误差估计及定位方法研究

针对在全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system, GNSS)失锁阶段将微陀螺惯性系统作为备用定位系统时,由于微陀螺误差引起的定位误差发散问题,提出了基于后向传播神经网络(back propagation neural network, BPNN)的微陀螺误差估计及定位算法。在GNSS有效阶段为车辆提供定位信息,同时对微陀螺误差进行估计,并利用后向传播神经网络BPNN建立微陀螺误差预测模型,为GNSS失锁阶段车辆定位做准备;在GNSS失锁阶段,利用已建立好的微陀螺误差预测模型估计微陀螺误差,对微陀螺输出信息进行补偿,以抑制由陀螺误差引起的定位误差。最后利用仿真与试验验证了此方法的正确性与有效性。     

Uncertain information fusion with robust adaptive neural networks-fuzzy reasoning

1 .INTRODUCTION Under increasingly complex operational circumstances ,there exists uncertain information in the sensors andthe networks of the multi-sensor system. The uncer-tainty occursin various manners ,e.g.the uncertaintyof multi-sensor systemstructure (includingthe dynam-ic ti me-variation property) and the uncertainty of theinformationitself (including fuzziness (containing am-biguity) ,randomness ,incompleteness (including de-fectiveness) as well as roughness) . And uncertainin-for…     

大型管理信息系统分解的模糊关联方法及其应用

针对大型管理信息系统功能结构分解问题，提出一种利用信息处理过程之间的模糊关联性来识别各个子系统，从而达到系统分解目的的方法，并将方法应用于某生产企业管理信息系统和广东省一个市级政府经济管理信息系统总体设计中.     

基于物联网的河北果蔬产业全程监测与控制信息服务平台研究

利用信息技术、传感技术及传输技术,开展了果蔬产业全程监测与控制信息服务平台的开发研究。以嵌入式系统与农业智能产品为基础;以成熟的传感器技术为核心;以溯源码技术为主线;以果蔬产业安全生产信息数据库服务系统为支撑;以无线传输与互联网技术为承载;以企业、专业合作组织、种植户为服务主体;构建而成＂基于物联网的河北省果蔬产业全程监管与控制信息服务平台＂。     

信息交流网络系统优化设计的核与核度法

网络系统的核与核度方法是一种首先抓住系统“核心部分”,然后在“核心部分”的基础上进一步优化网络系统结构的一种新方法,应用网络系统的核与核度方法给出了分析信息交流网络系统各种性能指标的新方法,诸如信息传递速度的快慢,传递的准确性,成员之间的满意程度等。研究了在各种不同的性能指标条件下,信息交流网络系统优化设计的方法和步骤。     

Designing a Hybrid Intelligent Mining System for Credit Risk Evaluation

In this study, a novel hybrid intelligent mining system integrating rough sets theory and support vector machines is developed to extract efficiently association rules from original information table for credit risk evaluation and analysis. In the proposed hybrid intelligent system, support vector machines are used as a tool to extract typical features and filter its noise, which are different from the previous studies where rough sets were only used as a preprocessor for support vector machines. Such an approach could reduce the information table and generate the final knowledge from the reduced information table by rough sets. Therefore, the proposed hybrid intelligent system overcomes the difficulty of extracting rules from a trained support vector machine classifier and possesses the robustness which is lacking for rough-set-based approaches. In addition, the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid intelligent system is illustrated with two real-world credit datasets.     

一种结构化P2P系统的拓扑匹配算法

针对结构化P2P系统提出了基于事件驱动的拓扑匹配算法。在该算法中,节点加入系统时依据系统全局信息找到与该节点最近的节点作为邻居节点;当有节点离开或者加入系统从而导致系统覆盖网络拓扑结构发生变化时,只有受影响的节点做出适当的调整。事件驱动算法不是只利用系统全局信息或者只利用系统局部信息,而是二者的结合,从而减少了算法带来的开销。在CAN系统上的仿真试验表明事件驱动算法可以使系统的平均逻辑链路延迟/平均物理链路延迟降低65%左右,而用SAT-match与界标簇算法结合的方法只能降低50%左右。同时,算法带来的开销也是非常小的。