4种嵌入式实时操作系统的两种主要技术分析和选择

介绍了uC/OS-Ⅱ、RT-Linux、uCLinux、VxWorks 4种嵌入式实时操作系统,分析、比较了这4种实时嵌入式操作系统的两种主要关键技术——任务管理和内存管理,任务管理主要从任务优先级、任务调度策略和时间的可确定性进行比较分析;内存管理主要从内存分配方式、管理方式和是否支持MMU等进行比较分析。在此基础上,提出了这4种操作系统的适用领域,为实时嵌入式操作系统的选择提供了依据。     

AVR单片机实时系统内存分配算法的研究

由于AVR单片机存储资源十分有限,因此对内存的分配及使用会直接影响到整个系统的性能.对设计并实现的嵌入式操作系统iDCX 128的内存分配进行了测试,结果表明由于系统采用首次适应算法,在进行多次内存分配后,内存空间利用率不高.因此对其内存分配算法进行改进,通过修改内存区存储任务的堆栈结构及分配机制,使其成为最佳适应算法.实验结果表明改进后算法虽然浪费少量存储单元,并相应地增加了算法执行时间,但内存的整体利用率却得到了较大的提高.     

一种基于VMIC网的内存分配算法

为了满足分布式仿真系统中大量数据的存取需求，提出了基于VMIC网的内存分配算法，利用链表对VMIC板卡内存进行了动态分配和释放；实验表明：算法能为每条仿真数据准确地分配唯一存储空间，能够及时合并空闲空间以减少内存碎片，并能够有效处理内存分配和释放过程中出现的异常，从而较好地为仿真系统提供充分的数据支撑。     

Java内存分配模式的研究

Jaw内存的分配与管理是Java的核心技术之一，搞清楚Java内存分配和工作的原理对于Java的学习有着事半功倍的效果。，本文根据Java内存分配和管理的特点，提出了一些编程中所应该注意的问题，并对问题的解决提出了自己的一些观点。     

分布仿真系统中的动态内存分配算法

针对分布仿真系统中的内存分配问题,提出了一种基于VMIC的内存分配算法,利用向量和映射相结合的方式对VMIC板卡的内存空间进行动态分配和释放。试验表明,该算法能够准确地为仿真数据分配和释放空间,处理内存分配和释放过程中出现的异常,且能够及时合并空闲空间以减少内存碎片,从而满足分布仿真系统对大量数据的存取需求。     

谈微机的优化内存管理

优化内存管理是微机应用中的现实问题，本文从微机内存分配出发，阐述了优化内存管理的方法，并给出了优化内存管理的命令实例     

TurboC堆应用技术

Ｃ语言是一种应用愈来愈广泛的语言，堆的应用技术是Ｃ程序设计关键技术之一。本文介绍了ＴｕｒｂｏＣ的内存映射、堆的概念和管理方法，并提供了如何正确申请堆空间，如何实现内存共享，如何防止内存“泄漏”，如何防止内存冲突以及消除内存碎片的方法。     

VxWorks内存管理机制研究及改进

对于没有内存管理单元MMU机制的嵌入式系统,采用实存储器管理策略的关键问题是有效、安全、可靠地使用内存。文中通过研究嵌入式开发对内存管理的基本要求、嵌入式开发内存管理的关键问题和VxWorks内存管理机制,给出了新的内存分配方案,即把除VxWorks系统保留内存以外的内存分为三种类型进行管理:固定大小的缓冲池、动态可变的堆以及由各种固定大小的缓冲区组成的队列。这种分配方案有效的满足了不同上层应用使用内存的需求,并且有效地避免了内存碎片问题。     

面向结构体数据布局优化的高效内存管理

面向结构体数据布局优化的内存池由于自身的使用特点,在传统的内存管理方式下,扩展内存需要移动数据,代价很高。为了避免移动数据,提高内存池性能,该文设计实现了基于共享内存地址映射技术的零数据移动内存管理系统DM3,辅助内存池管理内存。DM3利用POSIX标准编程接口提供的共享内存机制,在用户层操控物理内存到程序虚地址空间的映射,实现高效内存管理。首先,DM3针对结构体数据布局优化的内存使用特点,选择特定地址空间分配,既照顾到内存池扩展需求,又避免影响程序中其他内存请求。其次,在已分配的地址空间不能满足进一步扩展需求时,DM3通过内存地址重映射,实现地址空间转移而避免实际移动数据。通过在多个操作系统上的实验比较了DM3和传统的realloc方式,结果表明:DM3系统性能优越,最高可获得9.76倍加速比。DM3使用POSIX标准实现,具有跨平台移植性和易用性。应用DM3管理内存有效地增加了内存池性能。     

内存池在Vxworks系统内存管理中应用

实时性、可靠性是嵌入式应用使用自己的内存管理程序的要求。概要地分析了嵌入式操作内存管理的实现原理,在此基础上详细阐述内存池的算法,并描述了它的实现方法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the