北塘凹陷断裂特征与油气分布规律

基底大断裂控制了北塘凹陷的构造格架,形成了各具特征的西部、北部和南部三大断裂系统.发育了7种成因特征的断裂,总结出6种断裂组合发育模式.基底大断裂(临近生油区的)及其次级断裂控制了油气的宏观分布,形成以断裂为主控因素的复式油气聚集区带.对油气生运聚散和分布有控制作用的控烃断裂有:控源断裂、油源断裂、遮挡断裂、改向断裂、控圈断裂和破坏断裂6种基本类型.断块是油气藏的基本单元,其周边断裂既是遮挡断裂又是控圈断裂.     

黏弹性聚合物驱剩余油饱和度预测的φ函数法

石炭系断裂十分发育,断裂样式有逆冲、背冲、对冲断裂类型,断裂平面分布具有明显的分区定向性,断裂主要沿NE—SW向、NWW—NEE向、NEE—SWW向、NW—SE向、近EW向5个方向展布。断裂发育时期特征明显, 各期构造运动对石炭系断裂发育及分布的影响程度有较大差别。现今石炭系断裂应是多期构造运动叠加的产物,在地震剖面上通过分析断裂及其相邻地层所具有的反射特征的差别,根据断裂上下地层的变形特征、厚度变化和断裂切割地层年代的差异来判别断裂发育的时期和持续的时段,将石炭系断裂按发育时期进行分离,再现各个主要构造运动期石炭系断裂的平面分布特征。盆地石炭系断裂按主要发育时期可分为海西期断裂、印支期断裂和燕山期—喜马拉雅期断裂。海西期断裂是石炭系发育的主要断裂,海西期发育的断裂多数在后期又继续活动,仅在海西期发育而后期不再活动的石炭系断裂主要分布在盆地腹部地区;印支期发育而后期不再活动的石炭系断裂主要分布在盆地东北缘地区;仅在燕山期—喜马拉雅期发育的石炭系断裂主要分布在盆地东部地区。     

库车坳陷北带断裂输导效率及其物理模拟实验研究

在分析断裂输导能力影响因素的基础上，建立了断裂输导天然气效率的评价方法，并用该方法从平面上对库车坳陷北带断裂输导天然气效率进行了评价，同时利用物理模拟实验再现了天然气的运聚成藏（或散失）过程，进而总结了该区断裂组合输导模式。研究结果表明，该区高、中、低效断裂输导体系的分布区域与天然气的分布具有较好的相关性，高效的断裂输导是库车坳陷北带天然气运聚成藏的重要条件。库车坳陷北带在垂向上主要有4种构造断裂输导模式，由盐下断裂与不直接连接圈闭的穿盐断裂构成的断裂输导模式和仅由盐下断裂构成的断裂输导模式是库车坳陷北带有效的断裂输导模式；而由盐下断裂与圈闭破坏断裂、穿盐断裂构成的断裂输导模式和仅由单一穿盐断裂构成的断裂输导模式是库车坳陷北带无效的断裂输导模式。     

广东省主要活动断裂的分形特征及其与区域历史地震活动的关系

以分形理论为基础,采用网格覆盖法,对广东省主要活动断裂进行分形研究。研究结果表明,广东省内主要活动断裂在分形标度区间12.5~100 km具有较好的统计自相似性,断裂分布的分形维数有效地描述了断裂的空间展布特征,全部断裂分形维数为1.582 3,北东向断裂为1.434 2,北西向断裂为1.115 7和近东西向断裂1.039 4,并且北东向断裂与北西向断裂的分布呈现一定的互补性。结合断裂分形维数等值线与历史地震活动,初步探讨了断裂分形维数与地震活动的耦合关系。     

辽宁东五家子金矿控矿断裂及其构造岩研究

介绍了辽宁东五家子金矿控矿断裂的几何学、构造学与构造岩特征,指出NE向凌源-北票断裂与矿区东部的NW向二道营子断裂是金矿成矿的导矿断裂,二断裂旁侧的次级NW向与NE向断裂为金矿的容矿断裂.两组断裂均为长期多次活动断裂,早期活动具强烈韧性变形特征,晚期在韧性剪切带基础上再叠加脆性断裂.在此基础上探讨了两组断裂的控矿规律.     

准噶尔盆地不同期次石炭系断裂特征及分布

石炭系断裂十分发育,断裂样式有逆冲、背冲、对冲断裂类型,断裂平面分布具有明显的分区定向性,断裂主要沿NE—SW向、NWW—NEE向、NEE—SWW向、NW—SE向、近EW向5个方向展布。断裂发育时期特征明显, 各期构造运动对石炭系断裂发育及分布的影响程度有较大差别。现今石炭系断裂应是多期构造运动叠加的产物,在地震剖面上通过分析断裂及其相邻地层所具有的反射特征的差别,根据断裂上下地层的变形特征、厚度变化和断裂切割地层年代的差异来判别断裂发育的时期和持续的时段,将石炭系断裂按发育时期进行分离,再现各个主要构造运动期石炭系断裂的平面分布特征。盆地石炭系断裂按主要发育时期可分为海西期断裂、印支期断裂和燕山期—喜马拉雅期断裂。海西期断裂是石炭系发育的主要断裂,海西期发育的断裂多数在后期又继续活动,仅在海西期发育而后期不再活动的石炭系断裂主要分布在盆地腹部地区;印支期发育而后期不再活动的石炭系断裂主要分布在盆地东北缘地区;仅在燕山期—喜马拉雅期发育的石炭系断裂主要分布在盆地东部地区。     

徐深气田断裂发育及其对天然气成藏的控制作用

为准确判断松辽盆地徐深气田断裂的发育及其与深层天然气成藏之间的关系,根据钻井、测井和分析测试资料,利用断裂生长指数、断裂活动速率、剖面伸展率及构造演化剖面,厘定徐深气田断裂主要活动时期、断裂系统等,并建立该区的天然气成藏模式。结果表明:徐深气田断裂主要活动时期由古至今依次为火石岭组、沙河子组、营一段、营三段、泉头组末—姚家组沉积时期;气田内断裂可划分为早期伸展断裂系统(Ⅰ)、早期走滑伸展断裂系统(Ⅱ)、晚期伸展断裂系统(Ⅲ)、晚期张扭断裂系统(Ⅳ)、早期走滑伸展—晚期伸展断裂系统(Ⅴ)、早期走滑伸展—晚期张扭断裂系统(Ⅵ)、走滑断裂系统(Ⅶ)(徐中、徐东)。Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ型断裂系统是构成气源断裂的主要断裂系统类型。工业气流井均分布在距源断裂3 km范围内的火山岩区域内。     

北塘凹陷断裂特征与油气分布规律

基底大断裂控制了北塘凹陷的构造格架，形成了各具特征的西部、北部和南部三大断裂系统．发育了7种成因特征的断裂，总结出6种断裂组合发育模式．基底大断裂(临近生油区的)及其次级断裂控制了油气的宏观分布，形成以断裂为主控因素的复式油气聚集区带．对油气生运聚散和分布有控制作用的控烃断裂有：控源断裂、油源断裂、遮挡断裂、改向断裂、控圈断裂和破坏断裂6种基本类型．断块是油气藏的基本单元，其周边断裂既是遮挡断裂又是控圈断裂．     

过滤器连接螺栓断裂失效分析

某防喷器油路过滤器SCM435连接螺栓在使用过程中发生断裂,造成过滤器无法正常工作。为查找连接螺栓失效原因,采用金相显微镜、拉伸试验机、冲击试验机、显微硬度计、扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪等测试手段,研究了断裂和未断裂螺栓的显微组织、化学成分、硬度、力学性能和断口形貌。结果表明：断裂和未断裂螺栓的组织均为回火索氏体和铁素体,断裂螺栓夹杂物较多,碳含量偏高,断裂螺栓的硬度和力学性能均低于未断裂螺栓。断裂螺栓断口在平行和斜45°角的两个断面,表现为韧性断裂和脆性断裂的混合断裂形式,断裂源起源于内部。可见断裂螺栓是由于内部的碳化物等脆性相的不均匀分布,在持续外力作用下,优先形成裂纹源,随着裂纹的扩展而导致螺栓最终断裂。     

分形理论在地质动力区划方法中的应用

利用地质动力区划方法,确定了开滦矿区的区域构造形式;根据分形理论,系统地研究了开滦矿区Ⅰ～Ⅳ断裂图的分形结构特征.研究结果表明,Ⅰ～Ⅳ断裂图的断裂分布以及各级断裂图断裂分布之间在不同尺度下均具有统计意义上的自相似性.通过断裂模型分维值计算和分析,有助于准确地进行断裂划分并可以对所划分的断裂进行有效的检验.     

蕴涵意义新解

严格蕴涵和实质蕴涵本质上都是基于命题真假函项的蕴涵概念的定义方法，并不能从根本上解决实质蕴涵会导致蕴涵怪论的问题。实质蕴涵和严格蕴涵定义所给出的只是蕴涵成立的必要条件，将它作为蕴涵成立的充分条件来使用是不合适的。为有效避免蕴涵怪论问题的出现，提出了一种新的意义蕴涵概念。这一概念简明、直观和容易理解。     

A thermodynamic hypothesis regarding optimality principles for flow processes in geosystems

This paper proposes a new thermodynamic hypothesis that states that a nonlinear natural system that is not isolated and involves positive feedbacks tends to minimize its resistance to the flow process through it that is imposed by its environment. We demonstrate that the hypothesis is consistent with flow behavior in saturated and unsaturated porous media, river basins, and the Earth-atmosphere system. While optimization for flow processes has been previously discussed by a number of researchers in the literature, the unique contribution of this work is to indicate that only the driving process is subject to opti-mality when multiple flow processes are simultaneously involved in a system.     

What are universities for?

Governments worldwide rightly regard universities as fundamental to the achievement of many national priorities. But it is the paper’s contention that many misunderstand their true benefit to society. Investments in universities are increasingly based on the belief that the science labs in particular of research-intensive universities can be the source of a continuous stream of people and ideas that will spawn innovative and fast growing companies to form the nexus of the knowledge-based economy. This belief is a source of misconceived policies that offer only ultimate disillusion. It is the totality of the university enterprise that is important, as the only place where that totality of ourselves and our world is brought together, and which makes it the strongest provider of the rational explanation and meaning that societies need. In research, universities create new possibilities; in teaching, they shape new people. Its graduates learn to seek the true meaning of things: to distinguish between the true and the merely seemingly true, to verify for themselves what is stable in that very unstable compound that often passes for knowledge. It is the complex, interacting whole of the university that is the source of the separate economic, social, cultural and utilitarian benefits valued by society. It needs to be understood, valued and managed as a whole. These perceptions are a direct challenge to not only to governments but to university administrators who have been either cowed or seduced into the slipshod thinking that is leading to demands that universities cannot satisfy, whilst obscuring their most important contributions. The challenge to both is to permit autonomy without oppressive accountability, and to give staff and students the freedom to think, speculate and research. These are the very conditions of the personal and collective creativity that are the sources of a university’s deepest benefits to its society.     

虚拟环境中三维贴体衣片的设计

介绍了在虚拟环境中利用鼠标和三维空间交互球选取并控制人体模型上的点，将之作为三维衣片边界上的点，结合相应的数据结构，得到三维衣片轮廓线的点、边、衣片结构，接着利用插值的方法生成边界内的点，然后Delaunay三角化，生成衣片的三角面片，并将之演示出来。本文的创新点主要有以下几方面：开发了一个三维衣片设计系统，该系统集成了一套小型虚拟现实系统(小型立体显示观察系统和三维空间交互球)，在该系统生成的三维虚拟环境中，设计者可以引入由美国(10)公司三维人体测量系统生成的真实人体模型，在此基础上自由设计三维衣片，该系统提供了一些交互手段，使设计者可以像在真实三维环境中设计衣片一样，提供了直观的设计效果，该系统是用VC 6．0和opengl开发的；介绍了一种新的插值方法，利用这种特定的方法，可以得到符合人体且具有一定空隙量的贴体三维衣片；对Delaunay三角化生成的三角衣片，进行了改进，去掉了位于三维衣片凹边外的部分，从而得到了完全符合衣片设计轮廓的三维衣片。     

Clustered star formation as a natural explanation for the Halpha cut-off in disk galaxies

The rate of star formation in a galaxy is often determined by the observation of emission in the Halpha line, which is related to the presence of short-lived massive stars. Disk galaxies show a strong cut-off in Halpha radiation at a certain galactocentric distance, which has led to the conclusion that star formation is suppressed in the outer regions of disk galaxies. This is seemingly in contradiction to recent observations in the ultraviolet which imply that disk galaxies have star formation beyond the Halpha cut-off, and that the star-formation-rate surface density is linearly related to the underlying gas surface density, which is a shallower relationship than that derived from Halpha luminosities. In a galaxy-wide formulation, the clustered nature of star formation has recently led to the insight that the total galactic Halpha luminosity is nonlinearly related to the galaxy-wide star formation rate. Here we show that a local formulation of the concept of clustered star formation naturally leads to a steeper radial decrease in the Halpha surface luminosity than in the star-formation-rate surface density, in quantitative agreement with the observations, and that the observed Halpha cut-off arises naturally.     

使用Command设计模式实现编辑器的RedoUndo

设计模式是对于共性问题成功的解决方案,采用设计模式可以减少系统设计的复杂度,提高系统开发的效率[1]。Command模式是常用的23种设计模式中的一种。Command模式是将动作进行抽象,将与动作有关的所有信息进行封装,从而实现调用操作的对象与知道如何实现该操作的对象解耦。RedoUndo是现代编译器中必不可少的一种工具,可以提高工作效率。详细探讨了如何使用Command模式实现RedoUndo以及各种扩展。     

一个有效的对等网络搜索机制

提出了一个对等网络中基于“簇”的搜索机制,利用信息社会中数据的存放具有结构化的特点,设计了一个算法在具有相似“兴趣”的Peer之间建立邻居关系,形成一个“簇”．转发查询请求时优先考虑“兴趣”更接近的簇内的Peer,大大提高了搜索效率,同时保持了非结构化系统的良好的容错性且支持关键字部分匹配．     

企业供应链管理的双赢分析:一个数量模型

供应链管理(SCM)是当今企业界的热点和趋势,其实质是处于一个供应链的各厂商如果相互协调与合作,就能实现双赢或多赢。通过构建一个简单的数量模型,阐释厂商在供应链合作中如何实现双赢以及双赢的程度。以制造商和零售商为例,阐明制造商和零售商如果能相互合作地协同定价,那么总供应链利润将大大提高,并可通过价格的制定使所增加的利润在二者之间公平分配。     

广义角联结构研究

研究复杂网络由两部分内容，一是研究角联风路及其影响角联风路的关联风路的性质和稳定性；二是研究复杂网络中那些风路是角联风路以及影响角联风路的关联风路，即所谓的角联结构。文章论述了基于有向图的通路法集合算法不能够确定网络的全部角联结构，提出了确定网络全部角联结构的基于无向图的路径集合算法。得出了角联风路仅取决于网络的拓扑关系，而与通风系统参数无关的结论，从图论的角度给出了角联风路的广义定义。     

Spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry in the pseudogap state of a high-Tc superconductor

A change in 'symmetry' is often observed when matter undergoes a phase transition-the symmetry is said to be spontaneously broken. The transition made by underdoped high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors is unusual, in that it is not a mean-field transition as seen in other superconductors. Rather, there is a region in the phase diagram above the superconducting transition temperature Tc (where phase coherence and superconductivity begin) but below a characteristic temperature T* where a 'pseudogap' appears in the spectrum of electronic excitations. It is therefore important to establish if T* is just a cross-over temperature arising from fluctuations in the order parameter that will establish superconductivity at Tc (refs 3, 4), or if it marks a phase transition where symmetry is spontaneously broken. Here we report that, for a material in the pseudogap state, left-circularly polarized photons give a different photocurrent from right-circularly polarized photons. This shows that time-reversal symmetry is spontaneously broken below T*, which therefore corresponds to a phase transition.