超临界CO2萃取薰衣草挥发油的工艺研究

为建立超临界CO2萃取薰衣草挥发油的最佳工艺条件。以挥发油萃取率为指标,选取萃取压力、萃取温度、CO2流量和萃取时间作为影响因素,通过正交试验法L9（3^4）确定了超临界萃取薰衣草挥发油的最佳提取工艺条件。最佳工艺为CO2流量25L／h,萃取温度45℃,萃取压力22MPa,萃取时间1h,挥发油提取率为4．497％。水蒸气蒸馏法提取4h,挥发油提取率为1．32％。因此可知,超临界萃取薰衣草挥发油的收率高,萃取时间短。     

超临界CO2萃取两头尖皂甙研究

应用超临界CO2萃取两头尖皂甙，采用正交设计优化条件，以齐墩果酸为对照品，用香草醛—高氯酸显色法测定皂甙含量，来研究两头尖皂甙的超临界CO2提取方法．实验得出超临界萃取的最佳条件为：萃取压力30MPa，萃取温度50℃，萃取时间1．5h，夹带剂95％乙醇用量为20％．结果证明超临界CO2萃取两头尖皂甙方法是可行的，为提高皂甙提取率，预处理工艺有待进一步实验研究．     

超临界CO2萃取红景天中甙元酪醇的工艺研究

采用超临界CO2萃取技术提取红景天中的甙元酪醇,通过正交实验优化的萃取条件为：红景天颗粒为细粉、萃取压力20MPa、携带剂乙醇浓度为80％、红景天和乙醇用量之比为1：1．0（M／V）。超临界CO2萃取对甙元酪醇的提取率不高。因此,与其他方法结合才能更有效地发挥出它的优势。     

夏枯草果穗熊果酸超临界萃取的研究

采用超临界二氧化碳流体萃取技术,提取夏枯草果穗中的熊果酸,并用高效液相色谱法测定萃取物中熊果酸含量.通过正交实验[L9(34)]对萃取条件进行优化,确定适宜的工艺参数.结果表明,夏枯草果穗熊果酸超临界CO2萃取的各因素影响程度为萃取温度萃取时间携带剂萃取压力.最佳参数为萃取温度30℃,萃取压力15Mpa,携带剂甲醇:乙醇=1:1,萃取时间90min.     

玉米黄色素的提取和分析

使用超临界CO2法从水解玉米蛋白粉中提取玉米黄色素.通过单因素实验和正交实验优化了超临界CO2萃取玉米黄色素的工艺条件,并通过HPLC检测提取物中玉米黄素和叶黄素的含量.结果表明:超临界CO2提取玉米黄色素的最佳条件为:萃取时间2 h,CO2流速35 kg/h,萃取压力30 MPa,萃取温度45℃,夹带剂15%无水乙醇,此时玉米黄色素产量为210.97 μg/g.     

分子蒸馏提取橘皮中D-柠檬烯工艺的研究

利用超临界CO2萃取橘皮中的挥发油,从中分离得到D-柠檬烯,本文对比提取工艺、条件进行研究.超临界流体提取橘皮中D-柠檬烯的最佳工艺条件为:CO2超临界萃取150 min,萃取压力25 MPa,CO2流量20 L/h,萃取温度46℃.     

CO2超临界流体萃取法提取竹叶黄酮的研究

以芦丁为定量依据,采用正交设计法考察了CO2超临界流体萃取竹叶中黄酮的工艺条件。结果表明,影响CO2超临界流体提取的主要因素依次是：萃取压力、萃取温度、夹带剂的用量、萃取时间;确定了最佳提取条件为：萃取压力40Mpa、萃取温度60℃、萃取时间60min、夹带剂的用量1mL/g.竹叶总黄酮的提取量为4.978 mg/g.     

百合中秋水仙碱超临界流体萃取工艺的研究

采用超临界二氧化碳流体萃取技术，提取了百合中的秋水仙碱，并用高效液相色谱法测定了萃取物中秋水仙碱含量；通过正交实验对萃取条件进行了优化筛选，确定了适宜的工艺参数．结果表明：百合粉经氨水碱化后，在40℃，18MPa，以乙醇作提携剂时萃取效果最佳．萃取物中秋水仙碱含量可由植物中的0．049％提高到6．40％．     

超临界CO2配合萃取中药广霍香中的重金属

以二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠(NaDDTC)为配合剂,用超临界CO2配合萃取法降低中药广霍香中的重金属含量,并用正交试验法对萃取压力、温度、配合剂用量等因素进行了优化．结果表明：对Cu,Pb和Zn的萃取存在最佳争件,即萃取压力为25MPa,萃取温度为70℃,配合剂用量(质量分数)为15．79％;在此条件下Cu,Pb和Zn的去除率分别为55．2％,59．2％和53．3％．该法为降低中药中重金属元素的含量提供了新途径．     

响应面法优化超临界CO2萃取白苏子油工艺研究及成分分析

确定超临界CO2萃取白苏子油的最佳工艺条件.采用Box-Behnker响应面设计法,以白苏子油萃取率作为评价指标,筛选出超临界萃取最佳工艺,以Design-Expert软件进行数据拟合,并与实际结果比较.确定超临界CO2萃取白苏子油最佳工艺条件:萃取温度60℃、萃取压力32.5MPa、萃取时间180 min,在此条件下...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with