2002年与1998年世界杯足球赛运动员犯规情况的对比分析

对2002年世界杯足球赛运动员犯规情况和1998年世界杯足球赛运动员犯规情况进行统计分析，认为队员的犯规动作按顺序从过去的推、绊、拉、冲撞、蹋、铲变为推、拉、绊、铲、蹋、冲撞；裁判员经过总结1998年世界杯队员犯规的情况，对2002年世界杯一些较为隐蔽的犯规动作的判罚的准确率大大提高；规则的修改减少了运动员在场上的严重犯规和暴力行为．     

如何提高判罚足球比赛中严重犯规的准确性

裁判员判罚的公正准确性是保证足球比赛顺利进行的前提。对严重犯规和暴力行为的准确判罚是足球竞赛规则中重要内容之一。裁判员在比赛中判罚的准确性是足球比赛顺利进行的必要条件。足球水平的提高不仅要依赖于球员及教练员业务水平的提高,裁判水平的提高也是一个重要方面。提高裁判员判罚严重犯规和暴力行为的准确性有利于促进足球运动的发展。     

足球裁判员临场判罚能力因素的探析

该文采用资料法、访谈法和观察法,对足球裁判员临场执法进行分析,找出影响足球裁判员临场判罚的关键因素进行分析。其主要因素有识别动作的能力、对犯规的预见性、超前点的跑位和进位意识、对有利条款的运用和心理因素等。     

论提高足球裁判员判罚犯规的准确性

足球裁判员是足球比赛场上的组织者和法官.裁判员的执法水平,直接影响着足球比赛的质量.对犯规准确性的判罚是衡量裁判员水平的重要标准.通过对影响裁判员判罚诸多因素的分析,找出不利裁判员准确判罚的重要因素加以研究,对提高我国足球裁判员水平有着重要的促进作用.     

第17届世界杯助理裁判员越位判罚的统计与分析

采用统计、录像分析的方法，对第17届世界杯助理裁判员越位判罚进行研究，对越位出现的区域、犯规形式的规律以及错、漏判出现的原因进行统计分析．指出助理裁判员应加强选位能力、提高心理素质和决断能力，从而提高判罚越位的能力．     

职业篮球赛中身体接触犯规的裁判尺度

随着当今职业篮球运动的蓬勃发展以及篮球规则的不断修改,篮球裁判员的临场裁判尺度不是一成不变的,尤其是如何判罚双方队员身体接触的犯规,是评价裁判员执裁水平的重要尺度.做为一名优秀的裁判员只有不断更新观念和知识,理解规则内涵,准确掌握裁判尺度,正确引导比赛,才能适应篮球运动发展的需要.     

对第19届世界杯西班牙队比赛犯规统计分析

本文运用录像观察法、数理统计法、文献资料法,对第19届世界杯西班牙队七场比赛的录像进行观察和犯规统计,对数据分类、归纳、整理并进行统计学处理。总结了西班牙队的犯规特点及其规律,结果显示：西班牙队犯规较少;中场和下肢的犯规次数、黄牌最多;上半场和平局情况下的犯规次数、越位、黄牌高于下半场和其他情况。旨在为足球教学、训练提供一些有益的借鉴和参考依据,同时为各级裁判员在以后的比赛中能够更好地控制比赛的局面提供理论参考依据。     

中国足球定位球判定研究

裁判、球员、球规为足球比赛缺一不可的重要组成部分。定位球因其特殊的重要性,一直是比赛时让人关注的焦点,对定位球合理公平的准确判罚为众人所关心。当下的足球赛事,双方的对抗愈演愈烈,球员的技术动作往往夹杂着犯规,此时需要裁判员在最短的时间内根据动作性质、犯规的严重性及赛事的发展迅速的进行科学公正的综合判罚,如此不仅要裁判员了解足球规则,还需懂得双方球员的技战术特点,可预见局势。     

关于足球运动对角线裁判制裁判员和巡边员工作配合问题

对角线裁判制在执行裁判过程中,裁判员接近球,就可以对犯规动作看得比较清楚及时,而且能控制全场,但裁判员和巡边员必须紧密配合和具有充沛的体力条件,才能顺利的完成任务,因此,关于裁判员和巡边员的工作配合问题,也就成为执行对角线裁判法中的重要问题之一。现在分三部分来说明这个问题。     

浅谈业余足球比赛中裁判员之间的协助与配合

足球裁判员是足球比赛中重要的组成部分,在高水平的比赛中,也需要高水平的裁判员。在业余足球比赛中,虽然很多裁判员能较好的理解规则和准确的判罚犯规行为,但是在裁判员之间的配合上有着诸多的问题,从而导致一些错判、误判、漏判。本文结合笔者的足球教学和足球裁判工作实际,对业余足球比赛中裁判员之间的协助与配合进行了一些研究和分析,使业余足球裁判员能逐步的提高执法水平,在比赛中更好的默契配合,高水平的完成执法任务。业余足球裁判员的能力提高对促进业余足球比赛的健康发展有着积极的影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has