异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯与聚乙二醇的反应动力学研究

采用~(13)C-NMR及二正丁胺滴定法研究了端羟基聚乙二醇(PEG)与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)之间反应的动力学特征,发现在三苯基铋(TPB)的催化下,对[NCO]是零级反应,即反应与IPDI分子上两个-NCO基团的活性无关,当以二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)为催化剂时,对[NCO]为二级反应,而且与异佛尔酮脂环的碳原子相连的-NCO表现较强的反应能力.采用DBTDL与TPB混合催化时,反应表现为二者的加和作用,混合催化剂的应用有利于前期反应的加速和后期反应的完善,提出了不同反应条件下的反应机理。     

水性双组分聚氨酯柔感涂料的制备及性能

以自制聚酯多元醇、二异氰酸酯为原料分别合成含羟基端水性聚氨酯及水性聚氨酯,并以亲水性脂肪族聚异氰酸酯为固化剂,添加适量助剂配制水性双组分聚氨酯柔感涂料.考察了聚酯多元醇的相对分子质量、二羟基丙酸(DMPA)的用量、-OH/-NCO比例等与涂料的稳定性、铅笔硬度、附着力、柔韧性、耐水性、耐溶剂性、耐化学品性、耐刮伤性以及耐化妆品性之间的关系.研究结果发现:合成水性聚氨酯分散体所用的聚酯多元醇的相对分子质量为2 000,DMPA质量分数为6%,合成羟基端水性聚氨酯分散体中-OH/-NCO=1.6,固化过程中-NCO/-OH=1.5～1.6时,涂料的综合性能最好.     

紫外光固化水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯乳液性能的研究

选用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚酯二元醇、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯(HEMA)等为原料,采用阴离子自乳化法制备了紫外光(UV)固化水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯乳液.考察了n(-NCO)/n(-OH)、DMPA及HEMA质量分数对乳液性能的影响.结果表明,n(-NCO)/n(-OH)为1.4～1.5,DMPA的质量分数为4.5%时乳液性能最好.同时,HEMA质量分数越高,乳液黏度越小.     

杏仁油对实验性高血脂大鼠肝脏中脂酶活性及脂肪含量的影响

以实验性高血脂模型大鼠为实验对象,设置3个杏仁油剂量(0.5,1,1.5 mL)组、高血脂组(HG)和对照组(CG),观察了不同剂量杏仁油对高血脂大鼠肝脏总脂解酶(LA)、肝脏脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)和肝脂酶(HL)活性以及肝脏脂肪含量的影响.结果表明,杏仁油高剂量组(HDG)和杏仁油中剂量组(HMG)大鼠肝脏中LA、LPL、HL活性均显著高于高血脂组(P<0.01或P<0.05),杏仁油低剂量组(HLG)大鼠肝脏中LA、HL活性显著高于高血脂组(P<0.05),杏仁油高、中剂量组大鼠的肝脏脂肪含量显著低于高血脂组(P<0.01).因此,杏仁油具有提高实验性高血脂大鼠肝脏脂酶活性以及预防和改善肝脏脂肪积累的作用.     

黄花烟草授粉前后雌蕊生理生化变化研究

以黄花烟草(Nicotiana rustica L.)为材料,研究其柱头和花柱在授粉前后可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、酚类、氨基酸、脂肪含量及过氧化物酶(POD)活性的变化.结果表明:授粉后柱头和花柱中的可溶性糖含量和POD活性均降低,可溶性蛋白和脂肪含量增加,总酚含量无明显变化,柱头氨基酸含量降低,而花柱氨基酸含量增加;无论是授粉前还是授粉后,与同一时期柱头比较,花柱中的可溶性糖含量高,可溶性蛋白、酚类、氨基酸、脂肪的含量及POD活性都低.     

聚酯型水性聚氨酯的合成与性能研究

采用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)与聚酯二元醇和二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)反应制得聚酯型水性聚氨酯乳液,讨论了-NCO与-OH摩尔比值、反应温度、扩链剂种类及催化剂等对水性聚氨酯乳液及其涂膜性能的影响。研究结果表明:较好的反应条件为初始-NCO与-OH摩尔比值2.6～4.0之间,反应温度80℃。在此反应条件下,采用二月桂酸二丁基锡/三乙胺复合催化剂及二乙烯三胺/乙二胺复合扩链剂可以得到具有良好储存稳定性、耐水性和物理性能的聚酯型水性聚氨酯。     

抗菌中草药紫草的GC-MS分析

对新疆紫草(Arnebia euchroma(Royle)Johnst.)乙醇粗提物(AEC)和不同极性提取物进行抗耐药金黄色葡菌活性测试,同时采用气相色谱质谱联用方法对其95%乙醇提取物进行成分分析.紫草乙醇提取物及石油醚提取物对多种金黄色葡萄球菌耐药菌株具有较好的抑制活性,最低抑菌浓度(MIC)在4~8μg/mL和8~16μg/mL之间,乙酸乙酯提取物不具有抑菌活性.通过气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)方法分析紫草提取物的主要成分,共鉴定出29个化合物,其中有4个萘醌类化合物(共计27.69%),脂肪烃和脂肪酸类物质(共计67.62%).     

1,4-二脂肪氨基-5,8-二羟基葸醌的合成及抗癌活性研究

合成抗癌药物中间体脂肪胺取代的蒽醌类化合物,并对其进行体外抗癌活性测试.以1,4,5,8-四羟基蒽醌隐色体和脂肪胺为原料,在氮气保护下进行缩合反应,然后通过氧化合成目标化合物.对目标化合物利用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱进行表征.体外抗癌活性测试表明化合物1,4-二[2-(二甲氨基)-乙氨基]-5,8-二羟基蒽醌有较强的抗癌活性.     

大口黑鲈不同生长阶段肝脏脂肪沉积及脂肪代谢酶活性研究

【目的】考察大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）不同生长阶段肝脏的脂肪沉积情况及脂肪代谢酶的活性。【方法】分别采集150，180，210，270，300，360，420，450和480日龄共9个生长时期的实验鱼，测定形态学指标和肝脏的粗脂肪含量及脂肪代谢关键酶的活性。【结果】随着生长时期的延长，体质量、体长逐渐增加；肥满度在450日龄最大；脏体比在150日龄最高，450日龄最低；肝体比整体呈现出缓慢降低的趋势；肝脂肪在150~210日龄积累较为严重，肝脂肪含量在生长中后期呈现出下降升高交替出现的趋势。脂蛋白脂酶活性在生长中期（360~420日龄）达到峰值后逐渐降低；激素敏感性脂肪酶、蛋白激酶A和乙酰CoA羧化酶（ACC）活性在生长初期的变化趋势较一致，均呈现先下降后升高再降低的趋势。脂肪酸合成酶（FAS）活性在生长初期先升高后降低，在后期又逐步提升。在养殖中期，肝脂肪含量与ACC活性具有统计学意义上的负相关关系(p<0.05)，与FAS活性具有统计学意义上的负相关关系(p<0.01)。【结论】大口黑鲈肝脏的脂肪沉积和脂肪代谢与生长阶段密切相关，在养殖过程中应在不同的生长阶段及时做好相应的脂肪肝病预防。     

活性稀释剂对环氧树脂结构和性能的影响

选用3种具有不同分子结构和官能度的缩水甘油醚——1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚(BDDGE)、苯基缩水甘油醚(PGE)和癸基缩水甘油醚(DGE)作为活性稀释剂,通过黏度、DSC、热重分析和万能实验机等方法考察了其对双酚A环氧-胺固化体系的反应活性、交联网络结构和性能的影响.结果表明:芳香类稀释剂的加入,对环氧-胺固化体系的反应活性影响不大甚至有所提升,且固化物的强度和模量提高,韧性降低;而脂肪族稀释剂则明显降低了固化体系的反应活性,随着脂肪链长度的增加,固化物的强度和模量下降,韧性提高;3种稀释剂的加入均降低了环氧体系的耐热性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that