骨髓间充质干细胞向心肌分化的研究进展

目的:介绍骨髓间充质干细胞向心肌细胞分化的研究进展.方法:综合分析近年来国内外相关文献资料.结果:骨髓间充质干细胞在体内、外均可分化为心肌细胞.结论:骨髓间充质干细胞有望成为心衰干细胞移植治疗的理想细胞材料.     

骨形成发生蛋白对人骨髓间充质干细胞的影响

目的探讨骨形成发生蛋白(BMP)对人骨髓间充质干细胞的影响及调节作用.方法使用含BMP-7基因的PTracer-CMV载体感染人骨髓间充质干细胞(h MSCs),并设未转染组和空载体组,免疫组化法检测BMP-7蛋白表达,MTT法检测细胞增殖能力,流式细胞术检测细胞周期,湿化学法检测碱性磷酸酶合成情况.结果培养48 h后,BMP-7转染组h MSCs增殖速度明显高于未转染组和空载体组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);未转染组与空载体组h MSCs增殖速度之间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05).BMP-7转染组各时间点G_0/G_1期细胞比例均明显低于未转染组和空载体组;S期、G_2/M期的细胞比例均明显高于未转染组和空载体组,上述差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);各时间点未转染组与空载体组G_0/G_1期、S期、G_2/M期细胞比例间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05).BMP-7转染组h MSCs细胞碱性磷酸酶含量明显高于未转染组、空载体组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).结论 BMP-7可促进h MSCs体外增殖和向成骨细胞分化,可能与促进细胞由G_1期进入S期、DNA合成增加、提升DNA合成的后期细胞数量有关.     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的分离及分化潜能鉴定

用全骨髓贴壁法从SD大鼠骨髓中分离骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells,BM-MSCs)。为鉴定其成骨分化潜能,将大鼠BM-MSCs进行成骨诱导培养,第7天用碱性磷酸酶染色显示有碱性磷酸酶阳性细胞,第21天进行茜素红染色有矿化骨节形成。为鉴定其成脂分化潜能,将大鼠BM-MSCs先在成脂诱导培养基中培养,再换为在成脂肪维持培养基中培养,第10天进行油红O染色有脂滴形成。表明从SD大鼠骨髓中成功分离得到具有多向分化潜能的大鼠BM-MSCs,为其作为种子细胞应用于临床或研究奠定基础。     

骨髓间充质干细胞研究进展

干细胞移植是目前治疗器官损伤、神经退行性疾病研究的热点,国内外学者分别对神经干细胞、胚胎干细胞等进行了探索,渴望从中找出细胞移植领域的候选细胞,但是这些细胞大多面临着伦理、来源、免疫排斥等多方面的问题.然而,近年来发现的骨髓间充质干细胞在一定程度上弥补了这一不足.骨髓间充质干细胞凭借其多向分化潜能、强大的自我复制能力和可移植性,成为细胞移植、基因治疗中重要的候选细胞.骨髓间充质干细胞移植为器官损伤、神经退行性疾病的临床治疗带来了新的希望,本文对其生物学特性及临床应用方面做一综述.     

骨髓间充质干细胞向视网膜光感受器样细胞诱导分化探讨

目的:探讨体外培养的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(rat mesenchymal stem cells,rMSCs)诱导分化成视网膜光感受器样细胞的能力。方法:用贴壁筛选法分离、培养SD大鼠骨髓MSC细胞,经流式细胞仪鉴定后,利用光感受器细胞培养上清液诱导MSC细胞14 d。用免疫细胞化学染色和Rt-PCR观察诱导后的细胞是否表达视紫红质(Rhodopsin)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE),胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)。结果:诱导细胞14d后即可见有神经元样细胞出现,实验组MSC的Rhodopsin表达率为35.1%±6.2%,而对照组中无Rhodopsin阳性的细胞,实验组MSC的NSE表达率为33.6%±4.0%,对照组为10.6%±5.0%,实验组MSC的GFAP表达率为9.6%±1.5%,对照组为13.7%±3.0%。RT-PCR鉴定结果分析示实验组MSC的GFAP、NSE、Rhodopsin mRNA均有表达,而对照组的只表达GFAP和NSE,未见Rhodopsin条带。结论:体外培养的rMSC,经过视网膜光感受器细胞培养上清液导,可以分化为视网膜光感受器样细胞。     

人骨髓间充质干细胞诱导分化为RPE样细胞的探讨

目的:探索骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)体外定向分化成视网膜色素上皮(RPE)样细胞所需的微环境。方法:采用淋巴细胞分离液梯度离心法分离纯化BMSCs,第一阶段将培养第3代的细胞以bFGF、EGF及BDNF三种因子首先进行向神经前体细胞诱导分化,应用免疫细胞化学检测诱导细胞巢蛋白表达情况,当巢蛋白阳性表达率达到最高时去除诱导因子,进行第二阶段与第三代人RPE细胞共培养诱导2w,两阶段诱导后均采用免疫细胞化学及RT-PCR方法检测角蛋白及RPE65蛋白表达情况。结果:免疫细胞化学检测方面,诱导第3d开始能检测到巢蛋白表达,第12d阳性表达率达到最高,达(86.9±2.6)%,第一阶段诱导后见角蛋白表达,未见RPE65蛋白表达,第二阶段诱导后见角蛋白表达,阳性率为(60.8±3.1)%,见RPE65蛋白表达,阳性率为(25.7±3.8)%。RT-PCR检测方面,两阶段角蛋白与RPE65蛋白结果与免疫细胞化学检测结果一致。结论:体外采用分阶段诱导法,应用因子bFGF、EGF、BDNF及与RPE细胞共培养的微环境作用下能在体外诱导BMSCs表达RPE细胞标志物角蛋白以及RPE65蛋白。     

视网膜色素上皮细胞培养上清液联合视黄酸对骨髓间充质干细胞的诱导分化作用

目的:探讨人类视网膜色素上皮(human retinal pigment epithe—lialium,hRPE)细胞培养上清液联合全反视黄酸(all-trans Retinoid Acid,RA)对骨髓间充质细胞(bone marrow stromal cells.BMSCs)诱导分化的影响。方法:实验分3组:RPE+RA+BMSc共培养组,RPE+BMSc共培养组,对照组。体外培养人视网膜色素上皮细胞(hRPE)和大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSc),取第2代HRPE和第3代BMSCc接种于Transwell双层培养板内共培养。倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞形态变化,采用免疫细胞化学染色检测胶质源性纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、神经元特异性标志物烯醇化酶(NSE)、光感受器特异性标志视紫质(Rhodopsin)在诱导细胞中的表达。结果:hRPE培养上清液+BMSCs+RA组诱导BMSCs更多的表达GFAP(84.57士6.68)%,NSE(56.29士6.51)%,和Rhodopsin(41.47士3.76)%;与RPE培养上清液+BMSCs组及单独BMSc组相比组间差异有统计学意义。结论:RPE培养上清液+BMSCs...     

几种中药对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞增殖的影响

为了筛选出能够促进间充质干细胞(Bone Marrow Stem Cell, MSC)增殖、分化的天然中药,我们分离、纯化、培养了大鼠BMSCs细胞,加入刺五加注射液、黄芪注射液、参麦注射液、生脉注射液.通过四甲基偶氮唑法检测法(MTT)和Brdu标记的方法检测这些中药促进大鼠MSC的增殖作用.结果显示这几种中药注射液中刺五加注射液对MSC的增殖效率与对照组比较有显著性差异.48h较24h好.其结论是刺五加注射液具有促进MSC增殖的作用,随药物作用时间的延长,效果更明显.     

人骨髓间充质干细胞对小鼠神经干细胞增殖与分化培养的影响

通过在体外培养、鉴定人的骨髓间充质干细胞与小鼠神经干细胞,用骨髓间充质干细胞条件培养基分别在增殖与分化条件下对神经干细胞进行培养.发现,间充质干细胞条件培养基在增殖条件下能加快神经球内神经干细胞的迁移,使神经球解聚,对神经干细胞增殖没有影响;而间充质干细胞条件培养基在分化条件下,能增加神经干细胞向少突胶质细胞分化的能力,降低向星型胶质细胞的分化能力,对向神经元分化能力没有影响,间充质干细胞可能是通过促进神经干细胞迁移、分化而加快神经损伤的修复的.     

miRNA在人骨髓来源间充质干细胞成骨诱导分化过程中的表达

观察miRNAs在人骨髓来源间充质干细胞成骨诱导分化过程中的表达情况。以从骨髓中分离培养的MSCs及成骨诱导培养后的细胞为实验对象,利用基因芯片检测miRNAs的表达情况,由SAM分析得到MSCs较其诱导培养细胞中差异表达的miRNAs,再进行生物信息学分析。分离培养出的MSCs经成骨诱导培养14 d后,已具有成骨细胞特性;经芯片检测并SAM分析,成骨诱导培养的细胞较MSCs高表达的miRNAs有7个:hsa-miR-363*、hsa-miR-483、hsa-miR-590、hsa-miR-130a、hsa-miR-15b、hsa-miR-30c、hsa-miR-663;成骨诱导培养的细胞较MSCs低表达的miRNAs有6个:hsa-miR-192、hsa-miR-210、hsa-miR-128a、hsa-miR-224、hsa-miR-106a、hsa-miR-494。利用TargetScan预测其靶基因,并行生物信息学分析,其中hsa-miR-130a、hsa-miR-15b和hsa-miR-30c的预测靶基因多为维持干细胞特性的基因;而hsa-miR-106a和hsa-miR-494的预测靶基因多为参与骨形成及成骨分化的基因。为证明miRNAs参与调控MSCs的成骨分化过程提供了直接证据和研究基础。     

Notch signaling stimulates osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Notch signaling is one of the most important pathways mediating cell determination and differentiation.In this study, the roles of Notch signal in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were investigated. The expression of Notch1, Jaggedl and DTXI detected by reverse transcrip-tion polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) suggested that Notch signal might exhibit a physiological regulatory role in the differentiation of MSCs. Constitutive expression of the intracellular domain of Notchl (ICN), the active form of Notchl protein, can activate Notch signal in cells without ligands‘ binding, hMSCs were isolated, expanded, and infected with retrovirus carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene or ICN. Overexpression of ICN in hMSCs resulted in enhanced osteogenic differentiation induced by dexamethasone (Dex), which was characterized by an increase of cellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition. These results indicate that Notch stimulates differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts.     

人胎骨髓MSCs的分离鉴定及其向脂肪和成骨细胞的分化

目的:分离鉴定人胎骨髓中的间充质样干细胞(m esenchym al-like stem cell,MSCs),探索其体外培养的生物学特性。方法:利用细胞差速贴壁生长特性分离纯化人胎骨髓间充质样干细胞;利用流式细胞仪检测其细胞周期和表面标志;添加常规诱导液诱导其向脂肪、成骨方向分化,并利用特异性细胞化学染色法加以鉴定。结果:从人胎骨髓中成功分离、纯化得到间充质样干细胞,P4代细胞有92.3%的细胞处于G0/G1期;P5代细胞有96.1%的细胞处于G0/G1期;流式细胞仪检测P3代细胞结果显示:人胎骨髓MSC表达CD15、CD29、CD44、CD105、CD106和CD166,不表达造血细胞标志CD34、CD45,不表达与GVHD相关的HLA-DR、CD80、CD86、CD40、CD40L。在经典的诱导条件下,人胎骨髓MSCs可迅速向脂肪及成骨方向分化。结论:人胎骨髓中含有丰富的间充质样干细胞,具有较强的多向分化潜能,且免疫原性弱,是组织工程的较为理想的种子细胞。     

人骨髓间充质干细胞不同亚群

目的 比较不同亚群的人骨髓间充质干细胞(human bone mesenchymal stem cell, hBMSC)自我更新和分化能力。方法 通过获赠的人髂骨骨髓标本,联合运用密度梯度离心和差异贴壁法分离MSCs , 用10μm 滤膜将不同群体细胞分离,倒置相差显微镜观察不同亚群细胞的形态;流式细胞仪检测BMSC不同亚群细胞的表型;在地塞米松、Vit C、β-磷酸甘油钠作用下将不同亚型细胞向成骨细胞诱导分化,分别观察其分化能力。结果 成熟的MSC,即mMSCs 细胞(mature cells)呈纤维样梭形, RS 细胞(rapidly MSC self-renewing cells)呈圆形。RS细胞增殖能力明显强于mMSCs。经定向诱导分化后,RS细胞向成骨细胞分化能力较mMSCs细胞强。结论 RS 细胞较之mMSC细胞可能是一种更原始的中胚层前体细胞,具有更强的自我更新和分化潜能。     

去乙酰化酶抑制剂TSA对间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2增殖和成脂分化的影响

采用MTT和流式细胞术分别检测不同浓度的TSA对C3H10T1/2细胞活性和细胞周期分布的影响;油红O染色检测TSA对其成脂分化的影响,实时定量PCR检测TSA对成脂分化的关键转录因子PPAR-γ,以及成脂分化标志物Fabp4和Adipoq mRNA转录的影响.研究去乙酰化酶抑制剂TSA对间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2增殖和成脂分化的影响及其可能的作用机制.结果显示TSA浓度为1、10和30 nmol/L呈浓度依赖性地抑制C3H10T1/2细胞活性,改变细胞形态,并将其细胞周期抑制在G0/G1期;TSA浓度为10nmol/L明显抑制C3H10T1/2细胞的成脂分化作用,并呈浓度依赖性地抑制PPAR-γ、Fabp4和Adipoq mRNA的转录.表明TSA呈剂量依赖性地抑制间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2的增殖和成脂分化,除转录水平调控外,非组蛋白如细胞骨架相关蛋白可能也参与TSA的抑制作用.     

Effects of genistein, daidzein and glycitein on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells and on the adipogenic trans-differentiation of osteoblasts

The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and oil red O assays were used to examine the effects of genistein, daidzein and glycitein on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of primary mouse bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) and the adipogenic trans-differentiation of primary mouse osteoblasts. The results indicated that daidzein, genistein and glycitein at concentrations from 1×10^-8 mol/L to 1×10^-5 mol/L promoted the proliferation of MSCs and osteoblasts; genistein, daidzein and glycitein promoted osteogenic differentiation and inhibited adipogenic differentiation of MSCs, and inhibited adipocytic transdifferentiation of osteoblasts at appropriate concentrations as 17β-estradiol. It suggests that genistein, daidzein and glycitein regulate a dual differentiational process of MSCs into the osteogenic and adipogenic lineages, and trans-differentiational process of primary osteoblasts into the adipocyte lineages, causing a lineage shift toward osteoblast. Protective effects of them on bone may be mediated by a reversal of adipogenesis which may promote the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts, and make adipocytes secrete less cytokines which may promote osteoclast formation and activation. In addition, the results also indicated that genistein, daidzein and glycitein may be helpful in preventing the development of steroid induced osteonecrosis.     

Effect of Dy3+on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mouse primary bone marrow stromal cells and adipocytic trans-differentiation of mouse primary osteoblasts

A series of experimental methods including 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity measurement, mineralized function, Oil Red O stain and measurement were employed to assess the effect of Dy³⁺ on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mouse primary bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and the adipogenic trans-differentiation of mouse primary osteoblasts (OBs). The results showed that Dy³⁺ had no effect on BMSC proliferation at concentrations of 1×10⁻⁸ and 1×10⁻⁵ mol/L, but inhibited BMSC proliferation at other concentrations. Dy³⁺ had no effect on OB proliferation at concentrations of 1×10⁻¹⁰ and 1×10⁻⁹ mol/L, but inhibited OB proliferation at other concentrations. Dy³⁺ had no effect on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs at concentrations of 1×10⁻⁹ and 1×10⁻⁷ mol/L, and promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs at other concentrations at the 7th day. The osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was inhibited by Dy³⁺ at concentration of 1×10⁻⁵ mol/L at the 14th day, but promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs at concentrations of 1×10⁻⁹, 1×10⁻⁸, 1×10⁻⁷ and 1×10⁻⁶ mol/L with the maximal effect at concentration of 10⁻⁶ mol/L. Dy³⁺ promoted mineralized function of BMSCs at any concentration. Dy³⁺ had no effect on adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs at concentration of 1×10⁻⁷ mol/L, but inhibited adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs at other concentrations. Dy³⁺ inhibited adipocytic trans-differentiation of OBs at any concentration, suggesting that Dy³⁺ had protective effect on bone and the protective effect on bone may be mediated by modulating differentiation of BMSCs away from the adipocyte and inhibiting adipocytic trans-differentiation of OBs which may promote differentiation and mineralization of OBs. These results may be valuable for better understanding the mechanism of the effect of Dy³⁺ on pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Supported by the Foundation for Key Program of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 208018)     

BrdU标记骨髓间充质干细胞的研究

目的:探讨5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(5-Bromo-21-deoxyuridine,BrdU)标记骨髓间充质干细胞(Mesenchymal stem cells.MSCs)的可行性.方法:分离培养骨髓MSCs,经BrdU标记不同时间,免疫细胞化学鉴定.结果:MSCs的CD44、CD54免疫细胞化学染色阳性率达90%以上.BrdU标记的阳性细胞率随标记时间延长而逐渐增高,标记72h阳性率达85%以上.结论:以10μmol/L的BrdU标记骨髓MSCs的最佳时间是72h.     

Induction-dependent neural marker expression and electrophysiological characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that naturally express high levels of nestin

Under certain experimental conditions, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) express neuronal phenotypes and neuronal markers, which suggests that they could be used to treat various neurological diseases. In the present study, MSCs were isolated from adult rat bone marrow, cultivated, and evaluated for neurotrophin expression profiles, as well as the potential to differentiate into functional neuronal-like cells in vitro. MSCs from passage 5 were pre-induced with DMEM/F12 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 10 ng/mL bFGF (fibroblast growth factor-2). Subsequently, a chemical inductor containing Dimethyl Sulphoxide (DMSO), Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) and forskolin were used to induce neural expression of MSCs. Expression patterns of nestin, NF-200, and GFAP at time points before and after induction were detected by immunofluorescence. Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expressions in MSCs were evaluated by RT-PCR. The whole-cell patch clamp technique was utilized to elucidate the electrical behavior of MSC before and after 24-h differentiation induction. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that MSCs expressed nestin (57.1% ± 6.9%), but not NF-200 or GFAP. Following neural induction, the cells exhibited a neuronal-like appearance. Nestin and NF-200 expression was positive in the neuronal-like cells, but GFAP expression was negative. After 6-, 12- and 24-h induction, the ratio of nestin-positive cells was 96.5% ± 1.9%, 88.1% ± 5.4%, and 33.5% ± 5.4%. NF-200 positive cells were 90.1% ± 2.9%, 97.5% ± 1.3%, and 98.1% ± 1.6%, respectively. However, prior to induction, MSCs already expressed NGF and BDNF. With a stimulus impulse of 40 mV, the density of the transient outward K current was (9.95 ± 4.85) pA/pF (n = 9) and (328.50 ± 30.62) pA/pF (n = 9) before and after induction, and the density of transient calcium ion currents was (−0.059 ± 0.027) pA/pF (n = 7) and (−6.66 ± 0.50) pA/pF (n = 7), respectively. Transient outward potassium currents and calcium ions currents gradually increased following induction. In addition, MSCs isolated from bone marrow exhibited characteristics of neuronal progenitor cells and expressed neurotrophins. These cells exhibited the capacity to differentiate into functional neuronal-like cells in vitro. These results suggested that MSCs express high levels of nestin and could be utilized for therapeutic strategies to treat nervous system diseases.     

纳米氧化铈颗粒对骨髓基质细胞成骨分化和成脂分化的影响

以原代骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)为模型,在细胞水平上,研究50nm氧化铈颗粒对BMSCs的活性、成骨分化和成脂分化的影响.结果表明,氧化铈颗粒促进BMSCs的活性,并呈现很好的剂量及时间依赖性,但其对BMSCs的碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性、胶原的合成、矿化结节的形成以及成脂分化的影响是复杂的,作用浓度和时间是影响其分化的关键因素.这些实验结果为阐明纳米氧化铈的生物学效应机理及其在生物医学领域的研究应用提供科学依据.