麦洼牦牛和犏牛乳蛋白的遗传多态性

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析了５４头麦洼牦牛和１９头犏牛乳蛋白的遗传多态性．结果显示，牦牛和犏牛的α乳清蛋白均呈ＢＢ型．β乳球蛋白在犏牛中为ＡＢ型，在牦牛中Ａ型β乳球蛋白（βＬｇ）在凝胶上染色通常极弱．另外，在７头处于干乳期犏牛的乳腺分泌物中，有５头其Ａ型βＬｇ的电泳迁移率显著快于其它犏牛的Ａ型βＬｇ，而其Ｂ型βＬｇ则慢于牦牛和其它犏牛的Ｂ型βＬｇ．牦牛和犏牛的β酪蛋白以Ａ１Ａ１型为主，αｓ１酪蛋白以ＢＢ型为主．试验还观察到犏牛的Ａ型αｓ１酪蛋白电泳迁移率快于牦牛的Ａ型αｓ１酪蛋白     

牦牛,奶牛和水牛血清蛋白扫描测定

本实验采用醋酸纤维薄膜电泳,对四川的牦牛、奶牛和水牛的血清蛋白进行分离测定,用CDS—200型计算机控光密度仪,以波长600nm扫描,并进行比较和初中分析。测得41头牦牛相对百分含量分别为白蛋白39.93±3.70、α_1—球蛋白14.43±1.29、α_2—球蛋白13.51±1.17、β—球蛋白7.49±1.35、γ—球蛋白24.66±2.70;黑白花奶牛61头相对百分含量分别为白蛋白38.38±2.62、α_1—球蛋白12.14±0.76、α_2—球蛋白11.7±0.66、β—球蛋白16.25±0.48,γ—球蛋白21.51±1.80;德昌水牛90头(其中公18头、母72头)相对百分含量为白蛋白30.76±2.85、α_1—球蛋白24.25±1.04、α_2—球蛋白11.97±0.62、β—球蛋白17.07±0.96、γ—球蛋白15.93±1.08。     

牦牛及犏牛奶蛋白质和氨基酸含量分析

测得红原阿坝牦牛及红原犏牛奶蛋白质平均含量分别为５．２１％、６．１６％、５．０９％；奶中１７种氨基酸总量分别为２１９３．８８、２３４１．２０、１９９９．６４（ｍｇ／１００ｇ）；必需氨基酸／非必需氨基酸分别为１．０３８，０．８８１，０．８８６     

牦牛乳中Ca,K,Mg,P的含量

用原子吸收法分析了天然草地放牧的牦牛和犏牛乳中Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｋ的含量，用比色法测定Ｐ的含量．结果显示，处于泌乳中期牦牛乳中Ｃａ、Ｋ、Ｍｇ和Ｐ的含量（ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）分别为３６．７９±８．４７、２７．６１±３．３９、２．５２±０．５０、２４．７８±６．７２．实验还对干乳期牦牛乳腺分泌物中上述几种的含量及Ｃａ、Ｐ在牦牛乳中的分布进行了初步研究     

反相高效液相色谱法测定补肾益寿颗粒中淫羊藿甙的含量

应用反相高效液相色谱法，建立了测定纯中药制剂补肾益寿颗粒中活性成分淫羊藿甙含量的方法．样品以７０％乙醇超声波振荡提取，在下列色谱条件下测定：固定相ｓｈｉｍｐａｃｋＣＬＣ－ＯＤＳ（１５０ｍｍ×６ｍｍ，５μｍ）；流动相乙腈甲醇－０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸二氢钠（６∶４６∶５０，ｖ／ｖ）；流速１．０ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ；检测波长２７０ｎｍ；线性范围０．１１５～０．６９０μｇ（ｒ＝０．９９９９）；加样回收率９９．０８±１．７６％；日内精密度１．０５％～１．１９％．该法简便、快速、准确     

药物中硫酸新霉素含量测定的新分光光度法

文章报道了硫酸新霉素（ＮＭＳ）的分光光度法测定的新方法．基于在醋酸钠介质（ｐＨ＝７．５）中，室温下，硫酸新霉素与Ｃｕ２＋反应１０ｍｉｎ生成摩尔比为１∶１的蓝色配合物，在６４０ｎｍ处有最大吸收．这个方法的线型范围为０．２～２．０ｍｇ／ｍｌ，ｒ＝０．９９９７，检测限为０．０２ｍｇ／ｍｌ，变异系数为２．４％（ｎ＝１０）．用于硫酸新霉素制剂的测定，平均回收率为（９９．０±１．９）％（ｎ＝８）     

桔青霉发酵生产核酸酶P1的适宜条件

研究了桔青霉生产核酸酶Ｐ１的适宜培养基和培养条件，培养其组成为：葡萄糖７％，蛋白胨１％，玉米浆０．２％，磷酸氢二钾０．０５％，磷酸二氢钾０．０５％，氯化钙０．０４％，硫酸锌０．０２％，硫酸镁０．０３％，硫酸锰０．０５％，ｐＨ５．４，３０℃发酵６６ｈ酶活达最高值，粗酶液酶活力４００ＩＵ／ｍＬ。     

荧光猝死法测定草酸的研究

首次报道了用高灵敏荧光粹灭法测定草酸的新方法．在锆（ＩＶ）－槲皮素的体系中，１．５ｍｌ２ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ存在下，草酸的加入使此体系荧光猝灭，用此法可以测定草酸的含量．其检测下限为０．０２１ｍｇ／Ｌ，线性范围０．０２～２．４０μｇ／ｍｌ．λｅｘ／λｃｍ＝４３３ｎｍ／４９５ｎｍ．本法灵敏度高，选择性好，快速，简捷，重现性好．     

U-CDP-1,1'二甲基二茂铁主客体葡萄糖生物传感器

选用β环糊精与戊二醛缩合成的β环糊精聚合物（β Ｃ Ｄ Ｐ）为主体，电媒介体 １，１＇二甲基二茂铁为客体，形成稳定的主客体包络物．用牛血清白蛋白戊二醛交联法，把葡萄糖氧化酶和主客体包络物固定到电极上，成功地制成了葡萄糖生物传感器．该传感器具有稳定性高、选择性好和较长的使用寿命等优点，线性响应范围为０．０１～１８ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ．     

一氧化氮吸入对缺氧性肺动脉高压患者一氧化氮合酶和内皮素的影响

探讨吸入一氧化氮（ＮＯ）对缺氧性肺动脉高压患者一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）和内皮素（ＥＴ）的影响。方法：１３例肺动脉高压患者行ＮＯ吸入，分别于吸入ＮＯ前、吸入３０ｍｉｎ时、停止吸入２ｈ和１２ｈ时采肺动脉血，测白细胞中的ＮＯＳ及血浆中的ＥＴ。结果：吸入ＮＯ前、吸入３０ｍｉｎ时、停止吸入２ｈ和１２ｈ，所测ＮＯＳ值分别为（０７０±０．２１）ｍｏｌ／ｍｉｎ·ｍｇ－１、（０７４±０１４）ｍｏｌ／ｍｉｎ·ｍｇ－１、（０６４±０２２）ｍｏｌ／ｍｉｎ·ｍｇ－１和（０６３±０１７）ｍｏｌ／ｍｉｎ·ｍｇ－１；所测ＥＴ为（７８８９±４６５９）ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ、（８８２７±４５４１）ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ、（８０７６±４２６６）ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ和（６１０７±２９．４４）ｐｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１；后三者同吸入前比，均Ｐ＞００５。结论：缺氧性肺高压患者吸入ＮＯ对机体ＮＯＳ和ＥＴ未见明显影响     

牦牛酸奶的加工工艺研究

用牦牛鲜奶经脱脂、乳脂标准化后加工制得酸奶．经检测，酸度为９０℃～１００℃，口感甜润，奶味清香可口．所用菌种比例为保加利亚杆菌：乳酸链球菌＝２∶１．发酵时间为２００～２２０ｍｉｎ，含糖量不超过７％．     

浅谈野牦牛的起源与现状

野牦牛体形庞大，四肢粗短，在后颈部有一明显的隆起。大多数野牦牛都是黑褐色的，偶尔会出现棕色、金黄色个体。体重可达600-1200公斤。 野牦牛已经有上百万年的发生历史。曾广泛分布在中国以及至亚洲北部。现在野牦牛几乎仅幸存于中国的青藏高原。分布区域大部分在海拔4000米之上，不足40万平方公里，估计世界上现存的野牦牛总数不超过15，000头。     

冷季补饲对幼年牦牛瘤胃发酵和血液指标的影响

通过对试验组进行放牧加补饲的方法研究了冬季补饲对幼年牦牛瘤胃发酵及血液指标的影响。结果表明,试验组和对照组牦牛日增重相差820.83 g,差异极显著（P〈0.01）;瘤胃发酵指标中pH差异不显著（P〉0.05）,试验组氨氮（NH3-N）浓度显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）,而瘤胃液蛋白含量却显著低于对照组（P〈0.01）;血液指标中TP、Glu及PUN的测定结果试验组均高于对照组,但差异不显著（P〉0.05）。     

Sexual/aggressive behavior of wild yak （Bos mutus Prejevalsky 1883） during the rut： influence of female choice

Wild yaks （Bos mutus） ranged across the Tibetan Plateau in large herds before being forced to remote areas of the plateau. Consequently, little has been published about their behavioral ecology. We present the first extensive study on wild yak behavior during the rut. We gathered data on activity budgets, aggressive/sexual behaviors, and the behavior of bulls inside and outside mixed groups during 11 days in 2010 and 9 days in 2011. Yaks ate less and were more social during the rut than during summer. Males ate less than females and socialized more during the rut. We observed yaks for 234.25 h and recorded 2,078 aggressive/sexual behaviors. Yak bulls inspected and tended cows showing off their profiles during lateral displays, the most common type of indirect aggression. Yak bulls inside mixed sex groups rested less and socialized more than bulls outside. Females initiated intense intrasexual competition and led at least 25 bulls on chases. Females then incited fight frenzies of numerous bulls from inside and outside the groups before copulations, and fights could be intense. We discuss female choice selecting for large size and fighting ability in males, the similarity of yak and bison （genus Bison） behavior, and conservation implications.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.