无线多跳网络中基于网络编码的高效可靠组播路由算法

针对现有的多跳无线网络中基于网络编码的可靠组播算法,节点在数据恢复阶段存在冗余的控制开销和编码包的冗余传输问题,提出一种基于网络编码的高效可靠组播路由算法(high-efficiency reliable multicast routing algonthm based on network coding,HMNC).该算法通过采取在数据恢复阶段用组播树上游节点的反馈信息替代下游节点的冗余反馈信息以及新增节点缓存机制等措施达到减小网络控制开销和降低数据的平均恢复时延的目的.理论分析和仿真结果表明,与基于网络编码的可靠组播(network coding reliable multicast,NCRM)算法相比,HMNC算法在节点数据的平均恢复时延、网络控制开销等方面的性能均得到了提升.     

基于网络编码的共享链路路径保护机制

网络编码(network coding,NC)方法能够有效地提高路径保护技术的保护效率.但目前提出的基于网络编码的保护机制要求工作路径链路分离,限制了保护机制的性能和应用范围.为此提出一种基于网络编码的有共享链路的路径保护机制(shared-link network coding path protection,SNCPP).该机制将共享链路的端节点加入到保护路径源目的节点集中,采用改进的ASTAR算法建立经过节点集中所有节点的最短保护路径,并利用网络编码实现对有共享链路的路径进行保护.仿真表明所提出的机制在工作路径出现共享链路故障的情况下,能够对网络提供保护,并提高了保护效率.     

MANET中能源效率的滑动窗口网络编码

提出了一种移动Ad Hoc网络中能源效率的滑动窗口网络编码(SWNC-EE).该算法通过节点度分布的重新组合对数据分组进行编码,能较好地控制每个滑动窗口解码的复杂性,完整地接收编码数据分组以及恢复出原始数据分组.使用网络仿真软件NS2对SWNC-EE算法的编码开销、解码复杂性、能源消耗及能源效率等性能进行了分析.实验结果表明:SWNC-EE算法可以较好地提高MANET性能.     

异步双向中继信道的物理层网络编码

物理层网络编码(physical-layer network coding,PNC)中的一个重要问题是,如何解决由于传输环境导致的信号不同步问题,包括载波频率不同步、相位偏移和符号不同步.之前文献大多数都是假设符号发送严格同步,主要研究了异步双向中继信道物理层网络编码方案,中继端利用BP(Belief propagation)算法来解决异步导致系统系能下降的问题,仿真结果表明,利用BP算法可以减小信号异步导致的系统性能下降,相位偏移对系统性能下降影响较大,而符号偏移却可以减小这种性能下降.     

基于速率组合的低平均时延网络编码算法

为了提高多速率无线网络的网络性能,文章提出了一种基于速率组合的低平均时延网络编码(low average delay network coding algorithm based on rate combination,LADRC)算法。该算法充分考虑了各数据包传输速率的差异性,遵循高速率数据包优先发送以及速率相近数据包组合编码的原则,有选择性地添加附带数据包,从而确定最终的编码方案。在IEEE802.11b标准下得到的仿真试验结果表明,与贪心算法和最小传输速度优先编码(minimum transmission rate first encoding,MTRFE)算法相比,该算法在传输时间和平均时延上都有明显的减少。     

基于优化Raptor码的水下传感器网络可靠传输机制

针对水声通信带宽低、时延长、误码率高、多普勒效应显著等特征,分析了传统可靠传输机制在水下传感器网络应用的局限性,提出了基于数字喷泉码-优化Raptor码的水下传感器网络可靠传输机制.采用反馈控制对Raptor码内码的鲁棒孤子分布和多项式描述的Shokrollahi度分布进行优化设计,降低了编码包平均度.进一步对Raptor码的内码—弱化的LT码(Luby transform codes)的编解码进行优化,实现了快速的编解码.基于优化Raptor 码的可靠传输机制采用反馈控制,动态评估信道删除概率,从而提高编解码和通信效率.通过Aqua-Sim仿真工具对提出的可靠传输机制与基于编码的多跳协同可靠数据传输(coding based multi-hop coordinated reliable data transfer,CCRDT)机制进行仿真对比.结果表明,所提出的可靠传输机制明显降低了传输开销,提高了数据吞吐量.     

基于网络编码的P2P内容分发性能分析

基于网络编码(network coding,NC)的网络通信,其中间节点首先对来自源节点的信包进行编码,然后再转发,目标节点通过反编码得到源节点的原始信息.大量的理论结果表明,网络编码可以提高整个网络的吞吐量和稳定性.为了研究网络编码在P2P(peer to peer)网络中的优越性,设计并实现了一个基于稀疏线性编码技术的P2P内容分发系统.实验结果表明,基于网络编码的系统在平均下载时间、总分发时间、整体吞吐量等几个方面都优于无编码的内容分发系统.     

基于二次置换多项式的滑动窗口网络编码算法

网络编码(NC)是对两个或多个数据分组进行组合的一种技术,能够较好地提高网络体系的数据传输.二次置换多项式(QPP)提供了良好的数据分组优化组合功能,可以提高编码效率.该文利用二次置换多项式结合滑动窗口技术,提出了一种新的网络编码算法(QPPSW-NC),该算法能够独立解码接收到的数据分组,并控制每个滑动窗口的解码复杂...     

无线组播网络中应用网络编码的动态组合重传算法

针对无线组播网络中降低数据包重传次数及对抗信道衰落、建立稳定无线连接的需求,提出了一种基于网络编码的动态组合重传算法。该算法采用动态线性组合编码算法(DLCCA),以提高无线组播网络带宽利用效率。首先,利用发送端向用户发送原始数据包;其次,通过组播网络的控制信道,发送端获取了网络用户的接收状态,对未正确解码的数据包进行编码,并在传输过程中根据网络状态采用动态组合策略来形成网络编码包,从而有效提高了网络的整体吞吐量。与此同时,还进一步提出了低复杂度编码算法,并分析了所提编码算法的性能,获得了相应的理论分析结果。仿真实验表明,与传统的无编码算法和XOR网络编码算法相比,动态组合重传算法可以显著减少30%的数据重传次数,提高了网络吞吐量。     

无线传感器网络复数域网络编码合作多路径算法

分析了合作多路径传输中的复数域网络编码问题.提出了在WSN转发节点中使用复数域网络编码和合作多路径机制(CFNC-CM)进行数据分组的传输和转接机制,复数域网络编码的数据分组由中继转接节点进行编码后再转发到多路径进行数据分组的传输.通过仿真实验对2种典型的路由协议在数据分组开销、数据分组传输率和网络生存期等测量参数方面进行了性能分析和比较.仿真实验结果表明:CFNC-CM机制能较好地用于WSN网络中,相对传统机制,CFNC-CM机制能提高5%~15%的性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.