植物转基因对现代农业的促进作用及其食用安全性

介绍了植物转基因技术在农作物的改良、农药的减少使用和生态环境的改善等方面所作的贡献。还对转基因食品的毒性和过敏性、转基因植物栽培所面临的生态风险及转基因产品政府监管的必要性做了相应的介绍。转基因植物、转基因食品及其衍生品商业化已有30多年,到目前为止绝大多数科学论文都已证明转基因植物与非转基因植物在成分上无显著差异。最近天然转基因甘薯(红薯)的发现更进一步表明了转基因产品的安全性。     

论转基因植物的研究进展

随着植物基因工程技术的发展,转基因植物的研究和开发取得了令人瞩目的成绩,转基因植物的产业化前景越受到公众的关注．本文介绍转基因植物的研究进展并分析转基因植物在农业和医疗的应用及发展前景。     

转基因植物对环境微生物的影响及其检测技术的研究进展

为了解转基因植物及其表达产物环境释放的生态影响,归纳和总结了转基因植物对微生物的影响及其检测技术的应用现状.从转基因植物对土壤微生物多样性的影响及其检测的一般方法和分子生物学方法,转基因植物中抗性标记基因对微生物影响和微生物在转基因植物产品毒理学检测等方面进行了综述,以期为转基因植物的应用和健康发展提供依据,同时也为转...     

转基因植物的生态安全性

在阐述转基因植物产生的必然性和应用现状的基础上,分析转基因植物的生态风险及可能带来的环境问题和转基因食品的安全性问题。认为转基因植物本身可能会变为杂草或使其近缘物种变为杂草,转基因植物可能产生新的病毒或超级病毒,转基因植物对非靶标有益生物、土壤生态系统和生物多样性会有直接或间接的影响。建议抱着理性认识和客观对待的科学态度来对待转基因食品。     

转基因植物药物的开发研究评述

基因工程的完善与发展为利用转基因植物作为生物反应器来开发与生物转基因植物药物提供了可靠的技术基础，目前已利用转基因植物作为反应器生产出了多种转基因植物药物，其中包括多种药品和疫苗，已有的转基因植物药物的临床实验及国内外的应用表明转基因植物药物安全是可靠的，随着表达效率和遗传稳定性的不断提高，转基因植物药物的开发研究将会在21世纪得到更大的发展。     

植物外源基因拷贝数及插入位点的检测方法与技术

随着转基因技术的快速发展,转基因植物在世界范围内已经大量种植.近年来,转基因植物的安全性越来越受到公众关注.转基因植物安全性与有效性的关键因素是外源基因拷贝数与插入位点.本文综述了近年来植物外源基因拷贝数与插入位点的检测方法.     

转基因植物的安全性

随着现代生物技术的飞速发展，转基因食品得到了广大消费者的青睐。在目前已经被批准商业化生产的３ 类转基因食品中，植物转基因食品的重要性要比其它两类大得多，占 ９０％以上，因此，现阶段所说的转基因食品实际上主要是指转基因植物食品。 自１９８３年首次获得转基因植物以来，转基因技术发展十分迅速。１９９０ 年第一例转基因棉花田间种植试验成功。１９９６ 年至１９９９年共有１２个国家种植了转基因植物。目前已形成抗虫、抗病、抗逆、品质改良、控制发育和利用植物生产药物６ 大类转基因植物。根据美国农业部的统计，美国生产的…     

转基因植物及其安全性问题

介绍了转基因植物在全球和我国发展概况,介绍了转基因植物的几种目的基因:抗除草剂基因、抗病虫基因、改良作物品质基因,及其在农业上的应用,从转基因植物食品的安全性和转基因生态环境的安全性讨论了正确对待转基因技术的安全性问题。     

转基因小麦的环境风险

随着转基因植物种植面积的不断增加,转基因植物对环境的影响受到越来越多的关注.小麦面包品质改良是目前转基因小麦研究的重点之一.文章对小麦遗传转化、转基因植物生态风险和转基因小麦的环境适应等相关问题进行了一系列的综述.     

转基因植物的检测与鉴定

对植物转基因过程中报告基因的种类和应用范围、转基因植物的检测和鉴定方法、转基因植物检测和鉴定方法的评价进行了综述.     

转基因植物标记基因的研究进展

随着商业化植物转基因品种的不断出现,人们对转基因植物的安全问题谈论得越来越多,其中争论的焦点之一即筛选标记基因的安全性。科学工作者尝试培育具安全选择标记基因或无选择标记的转基因植物,目的是提高转基因植物安全性,使之更易为广大消费者所接受。本文就这方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Resistance to rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) caused by the expression of trichosanthin gene in transgenic rice plants transferred through agrobacterium method

The gene of trichosanthin has been transferred into rice plants through agrobacterium method. The single copy insertion and the expression of foreign gene have been proved in regenerated plants. In antifungal assay the degrees of rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) infection of the transgenic plants expressing trichosanthin and expressingGUS gene as control have been evaluated. The differences such as the time of disease symptom observed, the number of infected plants and damaged leaves, the growth of infected plants of the two transgenic plants after being inoculated by rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) are significant. The transgenic plants with trichosanthin gene grew faster than the plants withGUS gene, even when humidity environment was removed. The results show that the transgenic plants that expressed trichosanthin are able to delay the infection of rice blast compared with the plants as control. In addition, no damage caused by the expression of trichosanthin gene in transgenic plants has been observed.     

Salt tolerance conferred by over-expression of OsNHX1 gene in Poplar 84K

OsNHX1 gene (Na^＋/H^＋ antiporter gene of Oryza sativa L.) was introduced into Poplar 84K with Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. PCR, Southern and Northern blot analysis showed that OsNHX1 gene was incorporated successfully into the genome of Poplar 84K and expressed in these transgenic plants. Salt tolerance test showed that three lines of transgenic plants grew normally in the presence of 2OO mmol/L NaCI, while the Na^＋ content in the leaves of the transgenic plants grown at 2OO mmol/L NaCl was significantly higher than that in plants grown at 0mmol/L NaCI. The osmotic potential in the transgenic plants with high salinity treatment was lower than that of control plants. Our results demonstrate the potential use of these transgenic plants for agricultural use in saline soils.     

Transgenic tobacco plants expressing synthetic Cry1Ac and Cry1Ie genes are more toxic to cotton bollworm than those containing one gene

Transgenic tobacco plants carrying Cry1Ac, Cry1Ie or both genes were obtained. In the leaves of transgenic plants carrying both genes, the contents of Cry1Ac and Cry1Ie proteins were 0.173% and 0.131% of the total proteins, respectively. Cry1Ac protein content was 0.182% and Cry1Ie protein con- tent was 0.124% of the total proteins in the leaves of transgenic plants containing only one Bt gene. Fresh leaves of transgenic tobacco and wild-type plants were used for the insect bioassay against wild-type and Cry1Ac-resistant cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera). The bioassay results showed that transgenic plants carrying both genes were significantly more toxic to wild-type and Cry1Ac-resistant cotton bollworm than those carrying Cry1Ac or Cry1Ie alone. This study indicates that the higher toxicity of transgenic tobacco plants carrying both genes is caused by the cooperative function of both Bt proteins, thus providing a potential way to delay the development of insect resis- tance to transgenic crops.     

Obtaining High Pest-resistant Tobacco Plants Carrying B.t. insecticidal Gene

To increase the expression level of CryIA(c) gene in transgenic plants, a plant expression vector pBinMoBc carrying the CryIA(c) gene under control of chimeric OM promoter and Ω factor was constructed. As a control, pBinoBc carrying the CryIA(c) gene with the CaMV 35S promoter was also constructed. The vectors were transferred into tobacco plants respectively via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. ELISA assay showed that the expression level of the CryIA(c) gene in pBinMoBc transgenic tobacco plants was 2.44-times that in pBinoBc transgenic tobacco plants, and it could be up to 0.255% of total soluble proteins. Bioassay showed that pBinMoBc transgenic tobacco plants had more notable insecticidal effect than pBinoBc transgenic tobacco plants. The above results showed that the chimeric OM promoter was a stronger promoter than CaMV 35S promoter that was widely used in plant genetic engineering, and this is very useful in pest-resistant plant genetic engineering.     

Transgenic tobacco plants harboring tomato proteinase inhibitor II gene and their insect resistance

The plant expression vectors pBCT2 and pBT2 were constructed with the cDNA sequence (tin2) and genomic DNA sequence (tin2i) of tomato proteinase inhibitor II gene respectively. Then the two expression vectors were transferred into tobacco via the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404, and transgenic tobacco plants were generated. Molecular analysis and trypsin activity assay showed that both cDNA and genomic DNA were expressed properly in the transgenic plants. Insecticidal activities in these transgenic plants indicated that transgenic tobacco plants carrying tin2i sequence were more resistant to 2-instar larvae of Heliothis armigera Hubner than those carrying tin2 sequence. Therefore the intron of tin2i sequence might be a contributor to insecticidal activity of the transgenic tobacco.     

Salt tolerance conferred by over-expression ofOsNHX1 gene in Poplar 84K

OsNHX1 gene (Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter gene ofOryza sativa L.) was introduced into Poplar 84K withAgrobacterium tumefaciens- mediated transformation. PCR, Southern and Northern blot analysis showed thatOsNHX1 gene was incorporated successfully into the genome of Poplar 84K and expressed in these transgenic plants. Salt tolerance test showed that three lines of transgenic plants grew normally in the presence of 200 mmol/L NaCl, while the Na⁺ content in the leaves of the transgenic plants grown at 200 mmol/L NaCl was significantly higher than that in plants grown at 0 mmol/L NaCl. The osmotic potential in the transgenic plants with high salinity treatment was lower than that of control plants. Our results demonstrate the potential use of these transgenic plants for agricultural use in saline soils.     

抗除草剂旱稻转基因植株的获得

以旱稻丹粳旱５－５５、６－２４、６－３７的悬浮细胞及未成熟胚为受体材料，采用基因枪法将含ＢＡＲ基因的ｐＤＭ３０２质粒ＤＮＡ导入旱稻细胞中，经ＰＰＴ筛选获得抗性愈伤组织，筛选出的愈伤组织在分化培养基上再生出完整的旱稻转基因植株。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ分子杂交分析表明，外源ＢＡＲ基因已整合到水稻基因组内，抗除草剂试验结果表明，转化植株对０．０１％Ｂａｓｔａ（有效成分为ＰＰＴ）有一定程度的抗性，说明外源ＢＡＲ