湘西桐叶药材熊果酸及齐墩果酸的HPLC法测定

建立一种高效、准确、稳定的桐叶熊果酸和齐墩果酸测定方法,测定湖南省湘西地区桐叶药材中熊果酸和齐墩果酸含量.采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法,色谱条件依次为,色谱柱：TADE-PAKAF-C18柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;流动相：乙腈-甲醇-0.5%醋酸铵溶液（体积比61∶18∶21）;流速：1 mL/min;检测波长：210 nm;柱温：35 ℃;进样量：10 μL.结果表明：齐墩果酸与熊果酸分离度为1.73,均符合要求;熊果酸和齐墩果酸对照品分别在0.497 6～9.952 0 μg/mL和0.126 1～2.523 0 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好（r均为0.999 9）;熊果酸、齐墩果酸平均加样回收率分别为99.93%,98.97%;湘西产桐叶含熊果酸4.54～7.07 mg/g,含齐墩果酸2.50～3.20 mg/g.HPLC法分离效果好、灵敏度高、准确度高,是检测桐叶中熊果酸、齐墩果酸含量的科学有效手段.     

对11种热带滨海植物Cd富集能力的初步评价

采用盆栽试验的方法,评价了11种热带滨海植物对重金属Cd的富集能力.结果表明:白凤菜、有芒鸭嘴草、海马齿、海雀稗对Cd的耐性较强,于Cd处理后其根系生长、株高、生物量没有发生明显下降(p0.05);海马齿、海雀稗的根对Cd具有较强的富集能力,其根中的Cd含量分别为839.55 mg·kg-1、1 144.64 mg·kg-1;白凤菜、有芒鸭嘴草的根和其地上部都能大量富集Cd,且地上部分对Cd的富集能力大于根部的富集能力,地上部分的Cd含量分别达709.45 mg·kg-1、164.20 mg·kg-1,超过Cd超富集植物应达到的临界含量(100 mg·kg-1).由此得出以下结论:白凤菜、有芒鸭嘴草、海马齿、海雀稗对Cd的富集能力较强,可将其作为修复Cd污染土壤的候选植物.     

旁路化学除磷对A2 / O 工艺的影响研究

为考察旁路化学除磷对常规A2/O工艺系统脱氮除磷效果的影响,试验在常规A2/O工艺厌氧池末端接入旁路化学除磷池,并调节化学除磷池的pH值以达到除磷的目的。实验结果表明:改进后的A2/O工艺,当进水TN为40～50 mg·L-1、出水TN为11.8～15.5 mg·L-1时,TN平均去除效率为69.21%;当进水TP为4.2～8.9 mg·L-1、出水TP为0.50～0.75 mg·L-1时,TP平均去除效率为90.57%,较传统A2/O工艺,TN、TP去除率分别提高了4.04%、2.37%,说明旁路化学除磷对常规A2/O工艺系统脱氮除磷效果具有一定的改善作用。     

赤霉酸和噻苯隆复配的室内活性测定及葡萄田间试验效果研究

探讨赤霉酸和噻苯隆不同摩尔浓度配比对葡萄产量性状及品质的影响.采用Gowing法测定赤霉酸、噻苯隆9种浓度配比对葡萄生长的联合作用;制备3.4％噻苯隆·赤霉酸可溶液剂,通过田间药效试验评价对葡萄果纵径、果横径等品质的影响.噻苯隆与赤霉酸的摩尔浓度比在1:2～1:3时实测单果重增长率与理论单果重增长率的差值为10.79％～11.41％,增效明显.当第1次施用浓度+第2次施用浓度为5.7 mg·L-1+11.3 mg·L-1,8.5 mg·L-1+17.0 mg·L-1,11.3 mg·L-1+22.5 mg·L-1,17.0 mg·L-1+34.0 mg·L-1时,对夏黑葡萄果纵径调节率为16.2％～21.8％,果横径调节率为10.6％～15.2％,增产率为65.8％～120.5％;对巨峰葡萄果纵径调节率为2.5％～6.2％,果横径调节率为12.0％～17.0％,增产率为21.5％～35.1％.在品质方面,葡萄中糖和可滴定酸含量增加,可溶性固形物及维生素C含量略降低,但未达显著性差异.噻苯隆与赤霉酸摩尔浓度比为1:2～1:3复配,在葡萄谢花后生理落果初期和谢花后15 d浸泡果穗2次,使用3.4％噻苯隆·赤霉酸可溶液剂摩尔浓度5.7～8.5 mg·L-1和11.3～17.0 mg·L-1可有效调节葡萄生长,提高产量.     

不同Zn、Cu水平对香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides)体内Cd积累及生理指标的影响

采用水培试验研究了不同浓度的重金属Cd(15、30 mg·L-1)污染下,不同浓度Zn、Cu(10、40 mg·L-1)对香根草生长、丙二醛(MDA)含量、根系活力、可溶性蛋白质、叶绿素含量以及香根草体内Cd积累的影响.结果表明,除了低浓度的Cu外,不同浓度的Zn、Cu、Cd对香根草体内生理生化指标都产生协同或加和作用,提高了香根草体内MDA含量,降低了根系活力、叶绿素a、b含量以及可溶性蛋白质含量.Zn、Cu对植物吸收Cd的复合作用较为复杂,其中对香根草地上部Cd的转移可能产生拮抗作用,对根部Cd的吸收可能产生协同或加和作用.     

微波辅助萃取-高效液相色谱法测定苦丁茶中熊果酸的含量

采用微波辅助萃取—高效液相色谱法测定了苦丁茶中熊果酸的含量.苦丁茶粉碎后以乙醇为溶剂,微波高火提取4 min,采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定熊果酸的含量.色谱柱为InertsilC18柱（5μm,4.6×150 mm）;流动相为甲醇/水（体积比90∶10）,流速为0.8mL/min,柱温40℃,检测波长为210nm.结果表明熊果酸在0.0996~0.4980mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为100.8%,RSD=1.12%,苦丁茶中熊果酸的含量为14.55 mg/g.     

水库建设对河流沉积物磷形态分布的影响:以澜沧江、怒江为例

通过对已建水库河流的沉积物磷形态与未建水库河流进行对比,揭示建有水库河流与自然河流沉积物磷形态的差异,并分析其差异的原因.结果发现:怒江、澜沧江自然河段TP含量分别在510.68～624.61 mg·kg~(-1)、528.79～629.40 mg·kg~(-1)之间变化,澜沧江水库段383.50～1 044.13 mg·kg~(-1)之间变化.沉积物6种磷形态中,自然河道段Ex-P、Fe-P、Al-P、OP、Ca-P、Res-P含量分别在0.87～5.02 mg·kg~(-1)、19.13～44.4 mg·kg~(-1)、8.81～33.97 mg·kg~(-1)、73.74～142.75 mg·kg~(-1)、325.22～493.51 mg·kg~(-1)、34.67～76.84 mg·kg~(-1)之间变化;而澜沧江水库段Ex-P、Fe-P、Al-P、OP、Ca-P、Rest-P含量分别在0.72～4.41 mg·kg~(-1)、28.68～81.01 mg·kg~(-1)、11.52～377.03 mg·kg~(-1)、40.61～160.78 mg·kg~(-1)、46.91～349.83 mg·kg~(-1)、23.49～92.84 mg·kg~(-1)之间变化.与自然河道相比,水库段沉积物Fe-P、Al-P含量上升,Ca-P(除坝下沉积物含较高外)在库区的含量下降.水库段沉积物Fe-P、Al-P含量上升,其可能的原因是沉积物中的Ca-P释放产生的磷酸盐,较深部位沉积物层的铁磷矿物还原溶解释放溶解磷酸盐以及较小粒径的沉积物吸附水体中的磷酸盐与沉积物中铁铝的(氢)氧化物结合而沉积下来.     

黔产蒲公英中熊果酸含量的高效液相色谱法测定

目的建立黔产蒲公英中熊果酸含量的高效液相色谱测定方法.方法采用 Dikma C18柱(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-乙腈-0.5%醋酸铵(16:65:20),柱温25℃,流速1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长为215 nm.结果熊果酸在10.2~102μg·mL-1范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性(r2=0.9999),平均加样回收率为99.52%,RSD为1.47%(n =6).结论所用方法简便、快速、准确,首次提出以熊果酸含量作为黔产蒲公英的质量控制指标     

锰矿农作物恢复区土壤重金属污染模糊综合评价

对广西八一、荔浦、平乐、全州、板苏和下雷6个锰矿食用农作物恢复区土壤重金属进行含量测定,结果表明,土壤各元素含量为:Pb 41.63～348.31 mg·kg-1、Cr 48.12～287.29 mg·kg-1、Zn 47.38～269.92mg·kg-1、Cu 12.71～138.03 mg·kg-1、Cd 0.73～46.50 mg·kg-1、Mn 676.7～41 996.4 mg·kg-1.Mn和Cd最高含量分别为广西土壤背景值的243倍和754倍.采用模糊综合评价法对土壤重金属进行评价:从单因素决定模型看,恢复区土壤对环境质量三级标准的平均隶属度为0.434～0.981 ;从加权平均模型看,土壤对三级标准的隶属度为0.366～0.974.除下雷矿区外,其余5个锰矿恢复区土壤对三级标准的平均隶属度>0.7,各采样区重污染率为100%;其中,CA含量对三级标准隶属度>0.8,Cd重污染率达100%,是恢复区土壤的首要污染因子.因此,在锰矿废弃地生态恢复初期,应避免采用种植食用农作物恢复模式.     

有盐条件下微生物对石油的降解效果研究

通过摇瓶试验,研究含盐量为7 000 mg·L-1、石油含量分别为10 000 mg·L-1,30 000 mg·L-1,50 000 mg·L-1条件下,空白对照组(不添加微生物)、细菌组、真菌组分别在5,12,19,26,33 d时对石油的降解效果,并对比分析了降解效果.结果表明,经过33 d后,空白对照组中石油含量未变化,细菌组石油含量为10 000 mg·L-1一组的石油降解率最高,达到了65.69%,真菌组石油含量为30 000 mg·L-1一组石油降解率最高,达到了45.84%.可见,在较高的含盐量条件下,细菌和真菌对石油的降解也仍然有显著效果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.