边水驱油藏调剖技术

针对边水驱油藏的地质及开发特点,提出了边水调剖技术,同时对调剖井点的选择、调剖剂的筛选、调剖剂用量的确定、调剖施工工艺等配套技术进行了研究。通过向优选的调剖井注入调剖剂,可以控制边水的侵入方向和推进速度,从而增大波及系数,提高最终采收率。2000年5月到11月,对高104—5区块8口井进行了边水调剖试验,共注入调剖剂18516m^3。调剖后,内部井的含水率下降、产量回升,明显提高了区块的采收率。数值模拟预测结果表明,调剖增油超过7000t,投入产出比大于1：2。     

中二南注聚初期调剖及效果分析

为了扩大聚合物驱的波及体积 ,提高聚合物区块整体开发效果 ,注聚驱调剖时机应在注聚前或注聚初期 .调剖可封堵大孔道改善吸聚剖面 ,有利于后续聚合物驱动作用 .在中二南 Ng3 -4 注聚区块的注聚初期 ,运用 RE油藏工程调剖决策技术 ,实施调剖工艺 1 0井次 ,平均注入压力上升 5 .3 1MPa,和其它区块同期相比见聚井数下降 2 0 .6 % ,取得了良好的应用效果     

区块整体调剖筛选方法研究

提出一套在一定的技术经济条件下能筛选出适合于整体调剖区块的方法。该方法充分利用区块的静动态资料,实现了调剖井的筛选和堵剂筛选以及整体调剖的增产效果预测,包括：降低产水量预测,降低含水率预测,增加可采储量预测,增加采收率预测和投入产出比预测等,并根据区块整体调剖的筛选标准实现区块整体调剖的必要性判断。在坨２１ 区块进行了筛选应用,预测的投入产出比为１∶７ ．１ 。在当前的技术经济条件下坨２１ 区块适合于整体调剖。应用结果表明,这种筛选方法依据全面,筛选结果合理可靠     

海上油田提高采收率的控水技术

根据海上油田采油特点,分析了海上油田控水的迫切性.海上油田产出水主要来源于注入水、边水和底水.为了提高采收率,任何形式的产出水都要控制.海上油田控水技术由注水井调剖技术和油井堵水技术组成,这两项技术都由措施必要性判断、堵剂选择、堵剂用量计算和堵剂放置工艺等技术组成.海上油田调剖堵水成功的矿场试验说明,海上油田控水技术具有可行性和广阔的应用前景.     

区块整体调剖筛选方法研究

提出一套在一定的技术经济条件下能筛选出适合于整体调剖区块的方法，该方法充分利用区块的静动态资料，实现了调剖井的筛选和堵剂筛选以及整体调剖的增产效果预测，包括：降低产水量预测，降低含水率预测，增加可采储量预测，增加采收率预测和投入产出比预测等，并根据区块整体调剖的筛选标准实现区块整体调剖的必要性判断。在坨２１区块进行了筛选应用，预测的投入产出比比为１：７．１。在当前的技术经济条件下坨２１区块适合于整     

海上油田提高采收率的控水技术

根据海上油田采油特点，分析了海上油田控水的迫切性。海上油田产出水主要来源于注入水、边水和底水。为了提高采收率，任何形式的产出水都要控制。海上油田控水技术由注水井调剖技术和油井堵水技术组成，这两项技术都由措施必要性：划断、堵剂选择、堵剂用量计算和堵剂放置工艺等技术组成。海上油田调剖堵水成功的矿场试验说明，海上油田控水技术具有可行性和广阔的应用前景。     

孤岛油田冻胶型深部调剖剂实验研究

孤岛油田聚合物驱后恢复水驱,含水率迅速上升,油井很快水淹.针对孤岛油田地层温度70℃,地层水矿化度5 004 mg/L的条件,为其研究了聚合物驱后深部调剖剂,并对其配方、性能、组合优化、用量优化和注入方式和时机进行了考察.研究发现:调剖剂的交联时间可以控制,冻胶体系成冻时间从1~20 d可调,成冻后强度高.聚合物驱后,为使组合调剖剂能进入深部高渗透层,必须按照先弱后强的顺序注入组合调剖剂.深部调剖剂的用量存在最优值,驱替实验中,用量为0.1Vp时,采收率增幅最大,产出投入比最大.注入相同量深部调剖剂,越早注入,所得的最终采收率会越高.     

一种提高采收率的新技术在老油区的应用研究

为了弥补注水开发油田在提高原油采收率方面的不足,试验了一种新技术—“2+3”提高采收率技术,该技术是在对注水井进行充分调剖,增加注入水驱替体积的基础上,注入有洗油效率的驱油剂,进行有限度的三次采油,进而提高注入水洗油效率。该技术在桩106老区桩106-32井组进行的现场试验,试验过程中,相应研究应用了FD判别调剖充满度技术,以铬冻胶、固化体系为主的深部调剖剂调剖技术,并模拟试验区油藏情况,通过岩心驱油试验,筛选了以聚合物、碱为主的驱油剂。试验使井组水驱开发状况明显改善,增产效果显著。在不考虑递减的情况下,井组平均日增原油14.3 t,累计增产原油4 830 t,投入产出比1∶6.4。     

综合治理,改善XQ45区块吞吐效果

新浅45区块油藏属于浅薄层稠油油藏,目前已进入高周期吞吐阶段,汽窜程度加剧,高吞吐周期油井生产效果差,低部位油井受边水影响,后备层不足,措施挖潜余地小,为改善区块吞吐效果,对高周期吞吐井进行返层生产,对汽窜严重的井加大措施调剖力度,作好汽驱前期准备,为抑制边水推进速度采取短周期注汽和氮汽泡沫调剖。     

TY-W颗粒调剖剂的性能评价

对TY-W颗粒调剖剂进行了性能评价,结果表明随着调剖剂段塞的增大,封堵率和残余阻力系数逐渐增加,其封堵率为96.1%,渗透率越小,在注入相同段塞条件下其残余阻力系数和封堵率越大。连续驱替30PV的注入水后,水相渗透率保持不变,耐冲刷性能良好。物理模拟岩心调剖效果实验表明,中、低渗透层最终采收率比水驱结束时分别提高了6.22%和13.17%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with