尼罗罗非鱼和奥利亚罗非鱼性腺的RAPD分析

奥利亚罗非鱼（Ｔ．ａｕｒｅａ）和尼罗罗非鱼（Ｔ．ｎｉｌｏｔｉｃａ）属于鲈形目（Ｐｅｒｃｉｆｏｒｍｅｓ）鲡鱼科（Ｃｉｃｈｉｄａｅ）罗非鱼属（Ｔｉｌａｐｉａ）内的两种鱼类［１］,它们繁殖周期短,生长速度快,抗逆性能强,是热带和亚热带地区重要的淡水经济鱼种,在淡水养殖业中占有重要的地位．但是由于罗非鱼种类繁多,种间杂交容易发生,致使罗非鱼养殖群体之间,或者野生种群和养殖种群之间多有程度不同的混杂,因而出现诸如群体种系不纯,优良经济性状衰减退化（性成熟提早,生长缓慢,个体趋小）等不良后果,直接影响了养殖…     

环状芽胞杆菌基因启动子的分离与鉴定

环状芽胞杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｃｉｒｃｕｌａｎｓ）总ＤＮＡ经Ｓａｕ３ＡＩ酶切后插入到启动子探针型载体ｐＳＵＰＶ１的ＢａｍＨＩ位点，转化大肠杆菌后，在卡那霉素的平板上筛选到５０个抗性菌落。从随机挑取的２９个抗住菌落所分离到的质粒ＤＮＡ经限制酶切和琼脂糖凝胶电泳后表明，各质粒均有ＤＮＡ插入片段，对２９个样品进行卡那霉素抗性试验显示，抗性最高的可超过１０００μｇ／ｍＬ这表明来自环状芽胞杆菌的某些基因启动子能在大肠杆菌中十分有效地启动基因表达，选取两个最大的克隆ＤＮＡ片段ＢＣ３和ＢＣ６作为探针与Ｂ．ｃｉｒｃｕｌａｎｓｃ－２．总ＤＮＡ作Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交，均获得杂交带。斑点杂交结果表明，这两个ＤＮＡ片段来自不同的基因启动子。对ＢＣ６和ＢＣ３分别进行了限制酶谱分析，并绘制了限制酶图。     

巴西铁的茎组织培养

以巴西铁（Ｄｒａｃａｅｎａ　ｓａｎｄｅｒｉｅｎａ）茎段为接种材料，ＭＳ为基本培养基，吲哚乙酸（ＩＡＡ）、茶乙酸（ＮＡＡ），２，４－二氯苯氧乙酸（２．４－Ｄ）、６－苄氨基嘌呤（６－ＢＡ）、６一糠基氨基嘌呤（６－ＦＡ）、吲哚丁酸（ＩＢＡ）、生根粉（ＡＢＴ１）、玉米素（ＺＴ）为附加成分，进行诱导、分化、生根试验。诱导结果表明：ＩＡＡ不起作用，２，４－Ｄ有较好的促进作用，０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ（２，４－Ｄ）＋２ｍｇ／Ｌ（６－ＢＡ）组合，诱导率高达９０％。分化结果表明：ＮＡＡ、６－ＢＡ效果较好，６－ＦＡ作用不明显，ｌｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ＋４ｍｓ／Ｌ（６－ＢＡ）＋２ｍｓ／ＬＺＴ组合，分化率最高．达８１．１％。生根结果表明：ＭＳ＋０．５ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ＋０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ（６－ＦＡ），ＭＳ＋０．４ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ＋２ｍｇ／ＬＩＢＡ，ＭＳ＋０．２ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ＋０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ（６－ＦＡ）＋ＡＢＴ１三种培养基均发根，生根率７０％以上，根粗，但有点脆，若培养基中加入活性碳产生的根则细而韧。     

中国人群DMD基因含外显子片段的限制性带型和RFLPs研究（Ⅰ）──BglⅡ片段的杂交带型及限制性片段长度多态的频率

采用ＤＭＤ基因的全长ＣＤＮＮ（４ｋｂ）为杂交探针，分析了中国人群ＤＭＤ基因含外显子片段（ｅｘｏｎ－ｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇｆｒａｇｍｅｎｔ）的ＢｇｌⅡ限制性片段和ＲＦＬＰｓ．新揭示出四个ＢｇｌＩＩ片段，ＤＭＤ基因全长范围内含外显子的ＢｇｌⅡ限制性片段总数至少为５９个，这为制作ＤＭＤ基因的ＢｇｌⅡ部分限制图奠定了重要基础；另分析了四个ＢｇｌⅡＲＦＬＰｓ在中国人群中的等位频率，在ｃＤＮＡ２ｂ－３、ｃＤＮＡ４－５ａ和ｃＤＮＡ５ｂ－７三个亚克隆探针的杂交带型中，杂合体频率预期值（ＥＨＦ）分别是０．３３、０．３３和０．４４，实际观察值为：０４０、０．４０、０．４８，表明有较高的临床应用价值．此外，在ＢｇｌⅡ／２ｂ－３和ＢｇｌⅡ／４－５ａ的带型中，还分别发现一个新的罕见等位片段．     

酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）同源DNA片段的克隆

利用作者克隆的酿酒酵母基因启动子片段Ｙ８为探针和菌落原位杂交方法，从构建的Ｓ．ｃｅｒｅｖｉｓｉａｅ ＹＮＮ２７基因组文库中共筛选８个阳性克隆。根据这些克隆中插入片段大小和限制酶切结果，可将其划分为６种，分别命名为ＹＮ１－ＹＮ６．Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交结果表明，这６种ＤＮＡ片段不仅能与６．５ｋｂ的全长Ｙ８探针我，而且均能与ＰｓｔＩ酶切Ｙ８所得的３段ＤＮＡ探针杂交。     

CAR－baeillus亚单位rRNA基因分子克隆及斑点杂交方法的建立

用真细菌类亚单位ｒＲＮＡ中的保守片段序列合成引物，从小鼠来源的ＣＡＲ－ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓＣＢＭ株的基因组中用ＰＣＲ方法扩增出其１．５Ｋｂ大小的基因片段，两端加尾ｄｃ和已加尾ｄＧ的ＰＢＲ３２２质粒连接，转化入ＪＭ１０９菌中，在含有四环素的培养基中挑选克隆经氨苄青霉素筛选后，在ＬＢ基液中大量增殖，经溶菌酶裂解，提取重组质粒，经ＰＳＴＩ消化，得到１．５ｋｂ大小的插入菌段，经ＨｉｎｄⅢ、ＨｉｎｆⅠ、ＥＣＯＲＩ（ＨａｅⅢ）和ｘｈｏⅠ测定忠实性后，以此为模板，用非放射地高辛标记试剂盒合成探针，其灵敏性可达１．２ｐｇ，且特异性较强。     

荞麦组织培养中的植株再生

用荞麦无菌苗的幼茎和幼叶作外植体分别接种在ＭＳ补加不同激素组合的培养基上培养获得再生植株。实验结果表明,适宜诱导愈伤组织的激素组合为２．４－Ｄ４．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＫＴ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ,适宜愈伤组织生长的激素组合为２．４－Ｄ１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＫＴ１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ。诱导芽的较适宜的组合为６－ＢＡ３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＡＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ,不定芽接种到含ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＫＴ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＭＳ培养基上就能生     

河田鸡线粒体DNA物理图谱

运用差速离心法、蛋白酶Ｋ及ＲＮａｓｅ消化法制备并纯化河田鸡（ＧａｌｕｓｇａｌｕｓｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃｕｓＨｅｔｉａｎｂｒｅｅｄ）的线粒体ＤＮＡ（ｍｔＤＮＡ）．用１１种限制酶对其进行单酶切分析,结果表明,ＡｖａＩ、ＢａｍＨＩ、ＢｇｌＩ、ＤｒａＩ、ＥｃｏＲＩ、ＨｐａＩ、ＰｖｕⅡ、ＳａｃＩ、ＳａｌＩ和ＳｔｕＩ在河田鸡ｍｔＤＮＡ上分别有５、２、４、５、１、３、４、３、３和＞９个酶切位点,Ｓｃａｌ在不同个体河田鸡ｍｔＤＮＡ上检测出两种限制性格局,分别有２和３个酶切位点．此外,还用ＢａｍＨＩ、ＢｇｌＩ、ＤｒａＩ、ＥｃｏＲＩ、ＨｐａＩ、ＰｖｕⅡ、ＳａｃＩ、ＳａｌＩ和ＳｃａＩ进行双酶切,构建了ｍｔＤＮＡ的物理图谱     

核黄素,烟酸对烟草抗赤星病诱导的交互作用

用核黄素、烟酸单独或二者组合分别诱导烟草植株，１６ｈ提取总ＲＮＡ，用５种防卫基因的ｃＤＮＡ探针作印迹杂交。结果表明，病程相关蛋白ＰＲ－ｌａ在４种处理中均表现出转录活性增强，其中以核黄素诱导效应最好。几丁质酶（ＣＨＴ）、查尔酮合成酶酶（ＣＨＳ）及脂氧合酶（ＬＯＸ）基因的表现为：受核黄素、烟酸／核黄素诱导后活性略有增强，而受烟酸、核黄素／烟酸诱导后活性下降。苯丙氨酸氨裂解酶（ＰＡＬ）基因在４种处理中都     

两个绵羊品种多位点DNA指纹的研究

利用3种限制性酶HindⅢ,HaeⅢ,HinfⅠ和3种微卫星及小卫星DNA探针(GTG)5,(TG)n,M13检测了2个绵羊品种基因组DNA的多样性.结果表明,具有个体特征的DNA指纹获得依赖于酶/探针的结合.HaeⅢ,HinfⅠ和3种探针都可产生丰富的DNA指纹带谱.DNA指纹表现了高度的个体特异性和多样性,这种多样性表现在带纹的数目、强度和带纹的分布区域上.HindⅢ与3种探针的结合都不能产生清晰的DNA指纹带谱.以特定片段长度区域统计了带纹的相似率,在HaeⅢ/(TG)n组合中,黑头绵羊的平均带纹相似率为0.34,欧洲盘羊为0.50.根据带纹相似率,估算了群体平均杂合度为0.83~0.90.用HaeⅢ/(TG)n组合的指纹相似率,估算了两品种间的相似性指数(0.89)和遗传距离(0.29).     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has