Novel Substitution Reactions of 5-（4-Nitrophenyl）-10,15,20-TriphenylPorphyrin with Nucleophilic Reagents

Substitution reactions of 5-（4-nitrophenyl）-10, 15,20-triphenylporphyrin （NO2 TPP） and its metal complexes with different nucleophilic reagents were studied for preparing asymmetric porphyrin. The reaction products are different with the nucleophilic reagents changing, and three different products were found. The first obtaining product was diporphyrin when NO2 TPP reacted with sodium phenoxide or diphenoxide in DMF solution; The second was reduced product 5-（4-aminophenyl）-10, 15, 20-triphenylporphrin-M （Ⅱ） when the metal （Ni,Zn） complex of NO2 TPP reacted with above nucleophilic reagents, as well as NO2 TPP reacted with lithium mercaptoethanolate or lithium thiophenolate; The third product CNTPP was achieved with the substitution of nitro group by cyanic anion when NO2 TPP reacted with radium cyanide. Above results were explained with reduction and single electron transfer reaction respectively.     

磷酸三苯酯/锡酸锌对环氧树脂酸酐固化物的阻燃与抑烟性能研究

采用极限氧指数法,热重分析和烟密度测试法研究了磷酸三苯酯(TPP)、锡酸锌(ZS)在环氧树脂酸酐固化物(EP)中的阻燃作用和抑烟机理.研究表明TPP对EP具有良好的阻燃效果,并通过增加在高温下的热稳定性和降低热失重速率等在凝缩相和气相中发挥阻燃作用;TPP通过分解时形成的液态含磷物质吸附少量的烟尘.ZS的阻燃效果一般,它的用量为30份,其阻燃体系的最大烟密度值可降低至491.7,但降低了t16,TPP和ZS合用时具有一定的阻燃协同效应,但并不一定具有抑烟协同效应.     

光谱法研究酸和溶剂对四苯基卟啉聚集体形成的影响

研究四苯基卟啉(H₂TPP)的二氯甲烷溶液在盐酸、 硝酸、 氢溴酸和硫酸条件下形成聚集体的电子吸收和拉曼光谱.  结果表明, 在盐酸、 硝酸和氢溴酸条件下形成了H2TPP的J聚集体,  在硫酸条件下形成了H2TPP的H和J聚集体, 特征双峰818/834 cm^-1和1 072/1 093 cm^-1体现了H和J聚集体振动频率的差别.  通过分析硫酸条件下在甲苯和氯仿溶剂中分别形成聚集体的拉曼光谱可知,  双质子化H₂TPP在高溶解度溶液中有利于J聚集体的形成, 而在低溶解度溶剂中有利于形成H和J聚集体.       

TPP1 is a homologue of ciliate TEBP-beta and interacts with POT1 to recruit telomerase

Telomere dysfunction may result in chromosomal abnormalities, DNA damage responses, and even cancer. Early studies in lower organisms have helped to establish the crucial role of telomerase and telomeric proteins in maintaining telomere length and protecting telomere ends. In Oxytricha nova, telomere G-overhangs are protected by the TEBP-alpha/beta heterodimer. Human telomeres contain duplex telomeric repeats with 3' single-stranded G-overhangs, and may fold into a t-loop structure that helps to shield them from being recognized as DNA breaks. Additionally, the TEBP-alpha homologue, POT1, which binds telomeric single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), associates with multiple telomeric proteins (for example, TPP1, TIN2, TRF1, TRF2 and RAP1) to form the six-protein telosome/shelterin and other subcomplexes. These telomeric protein complexes in turn interact with diverse pathways to form the telomere interactome for telomere maintenance. However, the mechanisms by which the POT1-containing telosome communicates with telomerase to regulate telomeres remain to be elucidated. Here we demonstrate that TPP1 is a putative mammalian homologue of TEBP-beta and contains a predicted amino-terminal oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide binding (OB) fold. TPP1-POT1 association enhanced POT1 affinity for telomeric ssDNA. In addition, the TPP1 OB fold, as well as POT1-TPP1 binding, seemed critical for POT1-mediated telomere-length control and telomere-end protection in human cells. Disruption of POT1-TPP1 interaction by dominant negative TPP1 expression or RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in telomere-length alteration and DNA damage responses. Furthermore, we offer evidence that TPP1 associates with the telomerase in a TPP1-OB-fold-dependent manner, providing a physical link between telomerase and the telosome/shelterin complex. Our findings highlight the critical role of TPP1 in telomere maintenance, and support a yin-yang model in which TPP1 and POT1 function as a unit to protect human telomeres, by both positively and negatively regulating telomerase access to telomere DNA.     

纤维用PET的燃烧及阻燃机理研究

通过对纤维用ＰＥＴ及添加不同阻燃剂的ＰＥＴ样品燃烧的气相、固相产物的红外光谱和ＣＯＮＥ实验分析,探讨了ＰＥＴ的燃烧和阻燃机理。认为ＰＥＴ燃烧时,在生成气相产物的同时,还会发生交联反应形成环烯结构。溴化磷酸酯阻燃剂具有磷、溴协同效应,可在气相到固相全过程内起阻燃作用;而芳香族溴化物主要是气相阻燃机理;聚合型溴化聚芳烃,由于聚合物链可能参与ＰＥＴ降解过程的交联反应,所以也是气相、固相均有阻燃作用。     

CH2CO+CN反应的DFT研究

采用密度泛函理论 (DFT)方法在B3LYP/ 6-311G(d, p)计算水平上 ,对CH2CO与CN反应的两个通道的反应物、产物、过渡态和中间体的几何构型进行了优化。计算表明通道(1)是加成-消除机理 ,而通道 (2)则是吸氢反应机理。应用CCSD(T)方法计算反应中各物种的单点能量,得出通道(1)和通道 (2)的活化位垒分别是30.37kJ/mol和86.49kJ/mol,两条通道都是放热反应。计算结果表明反应(1)是主反应通道,与实验结果一致。     

Effect of Phase Change Materials on the Thermal Protective Performance of the Multi-layered Fabrics Examined by TPP Tester under Flash Fire

Cotton fabrics treated with phase change materials( PCMs)were used in multi-layered fabrics of the fire fighter protective clothing to study its effect on thermal protection. The thermal protective performance( TPP) of the multi-layered fabrics was measured by a TPP tester under flash fire. Results showed that the utilization of the PCM fabrics improved the thermal protective performance of the multi-layered fabrics. The fabric with a PCM add on of 41. 9% increased the thermal protection by 50. 6% and reduced the time to reach a second degree burn by 8. 4 s compared with the reference fabrics( without PCMs). The employment of the PCM fabrics also reduced the blackened areas on the inner layers. The PCM fabrics with higher PCM melting temperature could bring higher thermal protective performance.     

Thermal Protective Performance of Heat and Flame Resistant Fabrics in Different Radiant and Convective Heat Exposures

The thermal protective performance （TPP） is important for heat and flame resistant fabrics. In this study, fabrics which are made of flame resistant cotton, Nomex, polybenzimidazole （PBI）, polysulfonamide （PSA）, kermel, and blend of kermei with rayon fiber are investigated on high intensity of different radiant and convective heat source. The mechanism of heat transfer in different situations is discussed. It is identified that exposed candition has an important effect on thermal protective performance. TPP rating increases with the increasing percentage of convective heat.     

The human CST complex is a terminator of telomerase activity

The lengths of human telomeres, which protect chromosome ends from degradation and end fusions, are crucial determinants of cell lifespan. During embryogenesis and in cancer, the telomerase enzyme counteracts telomeric DNA shortening. As shown in cancer cells, human telomerase binds the shelterin component TPP1 at telomeres during the S phase of the cell cycle, and adds ~60 nucleotides in a single round of extension, after which telomerase is turned off by unknown mechanisms. Here we show that the human CST (CTC1, STN1 and TEN1) complex, previously implicated in telomere protection and DNA metabolism, inhibits telomerase activity through primer sequestration and physical interaction with the protection of telomeres 1 (POT1)–TPP1 telomerase processivity factor. CST competes with POT1–TPP1 for telomeric DNA, and CST–telomeric-DNA binding increases during late S/G2 phase only on telomerase action, coinciding with telomerase shut-off. Depletion of CST allows excessive telomerase activity, promoting telomere elongation. We propose that through binding of the telomerase-extended telomere, CST limits telomerase action at individual telomeres to approximately one binding and extension event per cell cycle. Our findings define the sequence of events that occur to first enable and then terminate telomerase-mediated telomere elongation.