考虑数量折扣的易逝品两阶段价格机制

研究了有限库存情况下带有全量数量折扣的易逝品动态定价问题.假定顾客的保留价格服从均匀分布,厂商采取两阶段动态定价,并且当第二阶段剩余库存大于零时采取数量折扣策略.首先,考虑厂商未采取数量折扣策略,建立基本模型,给出厂商最优两阶段价格的表达式;其次,基于基本模型给出第二阶段最优数量折扣的表达式.最后,假设第二阶段采取的价格折扣与购买2个单位产品的顾客数量比例为一次函数关系的情况下,利用Matlab进行模拟计算并给出灵敏度分析.结果表明,采取数量折扣策略后,有效地降低了厂商的剩余库存,提高了厂商利润;并且顾客保留价格相差越大,厂商利润增加越明显.     

考虑降价时点的易逝品动态定价机制设计

研究了一个同时考虑厂商动态定价和降价时点的易逝品销售策略问题.针对短视与策略消费者同时存在,运用经典的Stackelberg博弈模型,利用倒退归纳法进行分析,得到厂商在面对消费者的策略行为时,如何在确定和不确定降价时点的情形下最大化自己的利润.最后,利用Matlab对算例进行计算得出厂商最优价格策略与降价时点.结论表明,随着策略顾客所占比例的增加,第一阶段价格、第二阶段的降价幅度及厂商的利润都会随之减少;厂商的利润随着降价时点的推迟先增加后减少;策略顾客所占比例越大,厂商的最优降价时间越晚.     

需求受库存水平影响的两货栈供应链协调模型

在需求受库存水平影响的两货栈系统中,文章首先给出了供需双方非合作协调下确定供方的最优生产批量的模型;其次在供需双方合作协调下,分别给出了零售商使用单货栈和两货栈情形下数量折扣定价的模型和算法,最后给出了算例;研究结果表明,数量折扣策略不仅可以提高供需双方的利润,还可以导致零售商策略的改变,同时通过双方协调可以优化整个供应链系统.     

随机需求下供需双方订货批量模型的博弈分析

在随机市场需求下,首先分析了非合作无折扣博弈情况下的订货批量模型,然后在这种模型的基础上给出供需双方通过价格折扣政策的Stackelberg博弈模型.供应商给购买商购买的产品价格折扣以承担一部分库存风险,这使购买商增加订货量,从而增加双方的利润和供应链的利润.还分析了合作博弈模型及利益分配问题,并用数例比较了这几种博弈下供需双方的最优策略及相应利润.     

短保质期产品两次定价与库存策略研究

【目的】讨论了短保质期产品的两阶段定价与库存策略问题，为零售商提供定价与库存决策依据。【方法】以获取最大利润为目标，建立了两次定价模式下短保质期产品的定价与库存控制模型；对模型进行分析，证实了最优初始定价和最优折扣的唯一存在性；分析了模型的求解过程。【结果】以广州市某连锁超市的“巴氏杀菌奶”为例，进行数值实验，求解最优初期定价和折扣的组合策略，并对单位时间库存持有成本和降价时间进行敏感性分析。【结论】分析结果表明：1) 零售超市通过努力降低单位时间库存持有成本可以获得更多的利润；2) 零售超市通过改变消费者的观念，延长t1的持续时间，可以获得更多的利润。     

需求依赖价格的两阶段最优定价问题

【目的】在有限销售周期内、需求率是价格的线性函数并且不允许发生缺货的前提下研究两阶段动态定价问题,为零售商提供定价决策依据。【方法】首先给出合理定价的概念,并证明所得到的最优价格都是合理的。其次证明了无论第二定价点在销售周期内的何处,二次定价所获得的期望收益都比一次定价的多,进而得到了各阶段最优价格的唯一表达式。【结果】零售商要在第二阶段提高售价使自身的期望收益最大化。【结论】通过代入最优价格的表达式求解目标函数的最大值,可得第二定价点是销售周期中点。     

信息产品捆绑销售的模型分析

研究了捆绑销售策略对于信息产品销售的影响,分析了运营商的最优捆绑策略.考虑两种常见的捆绑类型——针对单个产品的数量捆绑以及针对多种类型产品的捆绑.在连续消费者类型的假定下,从价格歧视的角度分析了两种捆绑的最优定价以及此时的利润、消费者剩余和社会总福利,给出了两种捆绑销售适用的条件.结果表明：对于单个产品,捆绑销售的效果与消费者类型的差异程度有关;对于多产品,混合捆绑优于纯捆绑和非捆绑销售,并且其效果与消费者对捆绑产品的平均估价和供应商设定的折扣程度有关.结果也说明,在一定条件下,捆绑销售能够给供应商带来更大的利润,但同时降低了消费者剩余,减少了社会总福利.     

两级供应链库存-运输优化模型研究

研究了采取价格折扣、运输折扣时的供应链库存-运输联合优化问题。首先考虑了折扣前销售商和供应商各自利润最大的库存-运输模型,然后建立了价格折扣和运输折扣后,满足Pareto有效性,使供应链整体利润最大的库存-运输优化模型。     

信息产品捆绑销售的模型分析

研究了捆绑销售策略对于信息产品销售的影响,分析了运营商的最优捆绑策略.考虑两种常见的捆绑类型——针对单个产品的数量捆绑以及针对多种类型产品的捆绑.在连续消费者类型的假定下,从价格歧视的角度分析了两种捆绑的最优定价以及此时的利润、消费者剩余和社会总福利,给出了两种捆绑销售适用的条件.结果表明:对于单个产品,捆绑销售的效果与消费者类型的差异程度有关;对于多产品,混合捆绑优于纯捆绑和非捆绑销售,并且其效果与消费者对捆绑产品的平均估价和供应商设定的折扣程度有关.结果也说明,在一定条件下,捆绑销售能够给供应商带来更大的利润,但同时降低了消费者剩余,减少了社会总福利.     

可变保留价格下的三阶段水平差异模型

分析了利润最大化厂商可以通过改变产品质量方式内生来改变消费者保留价格的三阶段水平差异模型，在单位周长的圆周城市模型中，厂商在第一阶段进入并选址，第二阶段选择产品质量，第三阶段进行价格决策，针对一特定的质量成本函数讨论了模型的子博弈精炼纳什均衡，厂商的质量选择策略符合社会最优，但行业过多的进入最终导致质量下降。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with