苏云金杆菌杀虫增效作用研究进展

苏云金杆菌是一种在自然界中广泛分布的好气芽孢杆菌，由于其对昆虫的特异性毒杀作用而广泛用于农业和卫生害虫的生物防治中。但由于野外应用防效不稳定、残效期短、杀虫速度慢、对某些目标害虫不敏感，影响其作为生物杀虫剂的应用。通过特异性高毒力菌株的筛选、菌株的遗传改良、剂型的改良、各种增效剂和增效因子采用等方法，以提高苏云金杆菌制剂的杀虫活性和野外应用防治效果。本文在讨论苏云金杆菌的杀虫毒素蛋白及其作用方式的基础上，介绍了不同增效方式及其杀虫活性的影响的研究进展。     

转Bt棉不同生长期及不同器官杀虫蛋白表达量的免疫学方法测定

转苏云金杆菌(Bacillus thuringensis)杀虫蛋白基因棉花(下称Bt棉)在不同生长期及不同器官上对棉铃虫杀虫活性存在明显差异。目前国内普遍使用生物测试法检测Bt棉对棉铃虫的杀虫活性,但无法定量检测Bt棉中杀虫蛋白的表达量。本实验室建立的酶联免疫学测定方法(ELISA),可定量检测棉器官内杀虫蛋白的含量。它具有检测周期短,操作简便的优点。用ELISA方法检测Bt棉杀虫蛋白的含量,结果表明,棉叶和花瓣杀虫蛋白含量最高,铃和蕾次之。在棉株生长的后期,各器官杀虫蛋白的含量则有大幅度的下降。     

转Bt棉不同生长期及不同器官杀虫蛋白表达量的免疫？…

转苏云金杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ）杀虫蛋白基因棉花（下称Ｂｔ棉）在不同生长期及不同器官上对锦铃虫杀虫活性存在明显差异。目前国内普遍使用生物测试法检测Ｂｔ棉对棉铃虫的杀虫活性。但无法定量检测Ｂｔ棉中杀虫蛋白的表达量。本实验室建立的酶联免疫学测定方法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）,可定量检测棉器官内杀虫蛋白的含量。它具有检测周期短,操作简单的优点。用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法检测Ｂｔ棉杀虫蛋白的含量,结果     

苏云金芽孢杆菌营养期杀虫蛋白基因的克隆、表达及杀虫活性分析

选择本实验室分离的野生型苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株WY-197为出发菌株，用全长PCR方法从此菌株中克隆了2．3kb大小的vip3A基因,DNA序列比较发现所克隆的基因vip3A-197与已知的营养期杀虫蛋白基因存在很高的同源性．将基因vip3A-197亚克隆至原核表达载体pET33b构建了原核表达质粒pEVip，转化大肠杆菌BL21，转化子经IPTG诱导后可表达88kD大小的蛋白．该蛋白对甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)的初孵幼虫进行生物测定，结果表明，营养期杀虫蛋白vip3A-197对夜蛾科害虫具有一定的杀虫活性。     

BtCry1Ab毒素对玉米螟厉寄蝇生长发育的影响

与对照相比,初羽化的玉米螟厉寄蝇雌蝇成虫取食含BtCry1Ab杀虫蛋白的蜂蜜(5%)+牛奶溶液后,寿命未受影响;对取食含有BtCry1Ab杀虫蛋白的蜂蜜(5%)+牛奶溶液的玉米螟厉寄蝇,采取人工剖腹取蛆法接种于健康的玉米螟4～5龄幼虫,则该子代寄蝇的蛹前发育期较对照显著增长,不同BtCry1Ab杀虫蛋白处理问无显著差异...     

苏云金芽胞杆菌Vip3Aa11和Vip3Aa39片段置换对其杀虫活性的影响

为了寻找苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)Vip3Aa11和Vip3Aa39蛋白与杀虫活性相关的关键氨基酸片段,通过基因水平上的分子操作对其蛋白氨基酸片段分别进行置换,成功获得8个置换体蛋白:11N-39C、39N-11C、11N-11M-39C、39N-39M-11C、11N-39M-39C、39N-11M-11C、11N-39M-11C和39N-11M-39C.将vip3Aa11、vip3Aa39和置换体基因在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3)菌株中诱导表达,得约88ku的蛋白片段.对小菜蛾(Plutella xyllostella)、甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)和棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)分别进行室内生物活性测定,结果显示相较于Vip3Aa11和Vip3Aa39蛋白,除39N-11M-39C杀虫活性升高外,其他置换体蛋白对小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾和棉铃虫的杀虫活性均呈现不同程度的降低,其中对棉铃虫的杀虫活性相对变化不明显.胰蛋白酶消化结果显示,Vip3Aa11和Vip3Aa39蛋白以及置换体蛋白11N-39C、39N-11C、11N-39M-11C、39N-11M-39C均可被消化成约62ku的抗性核心多肽.上述置换体蛋白的构建为进一步研究Vips蛋白的杀虫机制提供了参考.     

在大肠杆菌中克隆类产碱假单胞菌基因启动子

类产碱假单胞菌 (Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｐｓｅｕｄｏａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎｅｓ)是 1991年从重庆歌乐山林场自然病死的黄脊竹蝗(Ｃｅｒａｃｒｉｓｋｉａｎｇｓｕ)中分离到的一种新的病原菌 ,对多种草地蝗虫有较强的感染力[1] .近年来对其杀虫致死机理、杀虫蛋白[2 ] 、安全性[3 ] 等方面进行了深入研究 ,证明该菌对蝗虫致病是由于其代谢产生的一种杀虫蛋白所致 .该蛋白分子量为 2 5 10 0Ｄａ ,经研究表明 ,该菌无芽孢 ,本身具有较强的毒蛋白 ,故具有构建成为基因工程菌广泛用于生物防治的潜力 .我们采用启动子探针型载体 ｐＳＵＰＶ4 ,分离Ｐ…     

经济角

驱蚊捕蝇植物介绍杀虫花杀虫花原产巴西，多年生植物。为马鞭草科，马缨丹属。别名“驱蚊花”、“逐蝇梅”、“天兰草”、“大红绣球”、“土红花”、“如意花”、“婆姐花”，五颜六色，七色缤纷，令人喜爱。庭院、阳台、街道栽培犹如一道艳丽的风景，市场抢手。杀虫花驱蚊逐蝇的“奥秘”在于其本身有一种人不细闻很难察觉，但对蚊蝇等飞虫却十分敏感的强烈气味。蚊蝇一闻到就会掉头逃之夭夭。据化验，其叶含马缨丹烯A、马缨丹烯B、三萜类马缨丹酸和马缨丹异酸、还原糖、鞣质、树脂，以及生物碱。此外还含挥发油0.16%~0.2%，其主要成份为…     

新型Vip3-like蛋白的从头预测建模及其结构域分析

Vip3-like蛋白对小菜蛾等鳞翅目昆虫有杀虫活性,是苏云金芽孢杆菌营养期杀虫蛋白Vip3的同源蛋白.为建立Vip3-like三维结构的理论模型并对其结构域进行生物信息学分析,选择从头预测的方法对Vip3-like蛋白三维结构的理论模型进行预测分析.分析结果表明,Vip3-like蛋白由1个Vip3A-N超家族结构域和3个糖类结合结构域组成.与模式蛋白Vip3Aa相比,Vip3-like是一种分子量更大的蛋白质,且2种蛋白的表面静电势分布也存在差异.其Vip3A-N结构域仅由α螺旋和无规则卷曲组成,没有发现β折叠.3个糖类结合结构域主要由无规则卷曲和β折叠组成,仅存在1个α螺旋结构.结构域分析预示无规则卷曲和β折叠可能在Vip3-like和受体结合的过程中扮演着重要角色.通过比较分析,发现Vip3Aa和Vip3-like蛋白在三级结构上存在较大差异,仅仅在局部结构存在一定的相似性,Vip3-like可能并不属于Vip3Aa类蛋白家族而属于一种全新的Bt营养期杀虫蛋白质.     

杀虫微生物——无色杆菌的研究新进展

无色杆菌是一种昆虫病原线虫的共生细菌，已证实对多种害虫具毒杀活力，且其主要作用成分为该细菌分泌的“外毒素”．文章综述了无色杆菌的致病机理，及其杀虫毒素蛋白的研究新进展，并讨论了基因工程技术在无色杆菌中的应用潜力和发展前景．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the