起飞转弯爬升梯度损失分析

起飞转弯爬升会降低飞机的爬升能力,影响起飞安全,为了保障越障安全,需要详细确定梯度损失。通过动力学模型推导出转弯爬升时的梯度损失计算公式,揭示了试飞数据内在原理,分析了固定坡度角转弯、固定转弯半径转弯的梯度损失影响因素和转弯对起飞限重的影响。利用最小二乘法拟合了极曲线参数,计算了某机型的梯度损失数据,与试飞数据相比,计算结果平均偏差不超过0.73%,标准差不超过1.54%。可用于飞机离场程序设计、飞行性能的快速计算以及四维航迹预测。     

基于熵权法的飞机燃油流量全航程组合预测

在复杂的航班运行中,影响各飞行阶段的主要因素不尽相同。以当前使用范围较广的B737NG飞机所使用的快速存取记录器(Quick Access Recorder,QAR)的大量数据进行研究,将航段划分为巡航、爬升、下降等阶段,利用熵权法确定不同预测模型的权系数,建立全航程组合预测模型。利用Pearson相关性系数分析筛选建模数据,以平稳小波Rigorous SURE的方法对数据进行预处理、滤波去噪。针对BP神经网络(误差反向传播网络)在飞行状态复杂的下降及地面阶段预测效果不理想,引入回归模型进行修正。以熵值法确定动态权系数,即结合飞行阶段进行分段预测,以飞行参数为基础建立燃油流量(FF)的全航程组合预测模型。通过仿真分析,并选取航班中普遍且具代表性的情况验证预测模型的精确度,误差范围均在±3.5%内,证明该模型合理且具有较广的适用范围。     

塞斯纳172型飞机发动机失效后螺旋桨风车状态对飞行阻力的影响分析

对于螺旋桨飞机,当发动机空中失效后,螺旋桨的风车状态将改变飞机的飞行阻力,从而影响到飞机下降率以及升阻比的改变。该论文通过对应用范围较广的塞斯纳172型飞机进行实际测试,来量化讨论螺旋桨的风车状态对飞机实际下降率及升阻比的影响程度。     

基于试飞数据的固定翼飞机盘旋性能仿真分析技术

针对飞行试验过程中的盘旋性能分析问题,提出一种以试飞数据为基础的盘旋性能仿真分析方法。首先依据拉依达准则识别试飞数据中的异常值,并根据提出的移动基准区间牛顿插值方法对异常值修正;然后建立飞机盘旋运动的动力学计算模型,采用欧拉角法通过坐标变换矩阵求解飞机盘旋动力学方程,计算结果应用中心插值算法进行平滑处理。最后基于某型固定翼飞机实际飞行试验中记录的试飞数据进行算例分析,依据能量机动理论绘制完整的盘旋性能飞行包线,将理论计算结果与仿真结果进行对比表明了所建模型与仿真分析方法的有效性与正确性,为飞机的反馈设计及飞行性能的改进提供方法及依据,在工程实际应用上具有一定的可行性。     

飞行中螺旋桨相位测量技术

在螺旋桨桨轴1P载荷飞行测量中,利用激光传感器完成了螺旋桨相位测量。结合相位信号和桨轴载荷受力分析计算,实现了飞机爬升状态下桨轴1P载荷的分离计算。飞行试验中获得的螺旋桨相位信号清晰稳定,表明测试方法是成功的,为桨轴载荷的分析计算提供了关键参数,较好的解决了螺旋桨1P载荷桨轴直接测量中的相位问题。     

一种伸缩栅格结构变体翼梢小翼研究

翼梢小翼能够抑制翼尖涡的形成,减小诱导阻力,增加航程。目前翼梢小翼的设计目标是改善飞机巡航阶段的升阻特性,而无法在起降、爬升阶段提供最优的减阻效果。本文设计了一种伸缩栅格结构变展长翼梢小翼,通过在飞行过程中控制翼梢小翼高度的变化,改善飞机起降、爬升阶段和巡航阶段的气动性能。利用基于涡格法的AVL软件计算伸缩式翼梢小翼对飞机气动性能的影响,结果表明在起降、爬升阶段(0.3Ma,8°迎角),这种伸缩式翼梢小翼能使升力系数提高0.21%,诱导阻力系数降低0.57%,而翼根弯矩系数仅增加0.06%,因此这种伸缩式翼梢小翼具有改善飞机起降和爬升性能的潜力。     

涡桨飞机气动噪声的预估方法

本文对基于气动声学基础理论的涡桨飞机气动噪声预估方法进行了研究,发展了一种增升装置、起落架等机体部件噪声模型,建立了考虑迎角、机翼诱导干扰的螺旋桨噪声源模型,并结合等效噪声源法(ESM)方法考虑机体对螺旋桨噪声的散射,形成涡桨飞机气动噪声预估程序。采用某型涡桨飞机的噪声飞行试验数据进行了对比验证,预估结果相对于飞行结果在适航噪声测量点处的误差不超过2dB,表明了该噪声计算程序具备较高的预测精准度。     

民用飞机巡航阶段污染物排放量计算研究

随着航空事业的不断发展,发动机的排放污染也越来越引起社会关注。巡航是民航飞机主要的飞行阶段,航班飞行中绝大多数的燃油消耗、飞行时间和污染物排放量均发生在该阶段。利用波音公司的飞机性能计算软件,计算了不同巡航方式、巡航高度、巡航重量、外界温度偏差等条件下的巡航性能参数,然后基于ICAO排放量数据建立污染物排放量计算模型,用Visual Studio开发了巡航阶段污染物排放量计算软件,实现对不同巡航条件下各种污染物排放量的计算。计算结果表明,在排放总量中占比从高到低的污染物类型依次为CO2、NOX、CO和HC。基于计算数据分析了巡航方式、巡航高度、飞机质量和外界温度偏差等因素对不同类型污染物排放量的影响。尽管变化趋势不尽相同,但在其他条件一定时,选择合适的巡航高度和巡航方式,可使特定污染物的排放量达到最少。     

大侧斜螺旋桨敞水性能的RANSEs模拟

采用求解基于雷诺时均处理的流场控制方程计算和分析了大侧斜螺旋桨在进速系数J=0.2～1.0范围内的敞水性能和流场流动特征并与实验数据进行了比较.选择SSTκ-ω二方程紊流模型对湍流进行模拟.结果表明:推力系数与实验值有很好的一致性,误差小于3%;力矩系数较实验值偏大,误差在5%以内,且变化趋势稳定;敞水效率曲线变化趋势与实验一致,最高效率点与实验相同;即使在设计工况附近,螺旋桨尾流仍然存在明显的切向旋转速度;桨叶吸力面靠近叶梢部分存在低压区;r=0.7R叶切面压差最大点位于切面最大厚度处,与切面所能承受最大压应力位置一致.最后计算确定了该螺旋桨模型桨敞水实验时对应的临界雷诺数为7.6×105,与实验情况吻合.该值较国内教科书中提到的ITTC给定临界雷诺数3.0×105要大.     

文章编号：调整试飞阶段的某型飞机气动参数辨识实现方法

针对飞机调整试飞阶段质量特性数据变化较大的特点,以及飞行测试的限制,提出了一种气动参数辨识实现方法,该方法包括飞机质量特性数据的获得、飞行测量数据的重建等辨识数据的完善和成熟的辨识算法.并以某型飞机为例进行了纵向气动参数辨识,计算结果合理,表明该方法有效,具有很好的工程应用价值.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with