Sources and transportation of suspended matter and sediment in the southern Yellow Sea： Evidence from stable carbon isotopes

The concentrations of total suspended matter (TSM) and the compositions of organic stable carbon isotopes of TSM and bottom sediments were analyzed to study the sources of TSM and sediments and the transportation processes. For this study, 284 TSM samples and 64 sediment ones taken from 67 stations along 7 transects and in 5 layers were collected in the southern Yellow Sea on the cruise in May, 1998. The main sediment transportation pattern in the southern Yellow Sea was obtained by analyzing the distribution characteristics of TSM concentration and particulate organic carbon δ^13C values. It was confirmed from the pattern that the bottom layer plays a more important role than the surface one in the transportation processes of terrigenous material to the central deep-water area of the southern Yellow Sea. The Yellow Sea circulation is an important control factor in determining the sediment transportation pattern in the southern Yellow Sea. The carbon isotope signals of sedimentary organic matter confirmed that the main material in sediments with high sedimentation rate in the Shandong subaqueous delta originated from the modern Yellow River.The terrigenous sediments in the deep-water area of the southern Yellow Sea are mainly from the abandoned Yellow River and the modern Yellow River, and a small portion of them are from the modern Yangtze material. The amount of terrigenous material from Korean Peninsula and its influence range are relatively limited. The conclusions derived from TSM and stable carbon isotopes were further confirmed by another independent material source tracer--PAHs.     

Original component of grain size index in core sediment from southwestern slope of the South China Sea and its paleoenvironmental implication

Traditional grain size analysis was basically used to discriminate sediment type based on its particle dimension for sedimentary naming[1,2] and to analyze the dynamic feature of transport medium, including water current and wind strength[3―5]. Recently, some patency advances havebeen made by using different methods to separate different grain sizes in various original composition from sediments for searching a new way of paleoenvironmental study[6―8]. Grain size analysis is even playing an …     

Dynamics of sediment resuspension and the conceptual schema of nutrient release in the large shallow Lake Taihu,China

On the basis of investigations in situ, it was found that mass exchange on the water-sediment interface occurred chiefly on the superficial sediment within 5-10 cm. The spatial physicochemical character of sediment was distributed uniformly. The observation of lake currents and waves indicated that the dynamic sources, which act on the interface of water and sediment, came mainly from waves under strong wind forcing, while the critical shear stresses     

Sediment provenance and province of the southern Yellow Sea： Evidence from light mineral

The distribution for percent content of light mineral is divided in detail to emphasize distributional trends of higher and lower contents by using 222 samples of light mineral in the southern Yellow Sea. 5 mineral provinces are divided, and they are Ⅰ -north mineral province of the southern Yellow Sea, the sediment dominantly derived from the Yellow River; Ⅱ-mixed mineral province, the sediment derived from both the Yellow River and Yangtze River; Ⅲ-middle mineral province, the sediment derived mainly from the Yellow River and a part of sediment derived from Yangtze River; Ⅳ-province east of Yangtze River mouth, the sediment derived dominantly from Yangtze River; and Ⅴ-south mineral province, sediment was affected by relict sediment and modern sediment of Yangtze River. In this paper, the assemblage of dominant mineral and diagnostic mineral for the five provinces are discerned.     

Thermodynamic evolution of lithosphere of the North China craton： Records from lower crust and upper mantle xenoliths from Hannuoba

Lithospheric thinning in East China attracts much attention of geologists. In many cases where a lithospheric thinning is inferred, the trigger for instability is a preced-ing episode of crustal thickening by the continental colli-sion[1]. Lithospheric processes (e.g. lithospheric thinning) could be recorded by the thermal history of the lower crustal and upper mantle xenoliths. Xu et al.[2] suggested that the cooling (from >1200 to 850℃) recorded by spinel harzburgite from Northeast China …     

Single grain Rb-Sr dating of euhedral and cataclastic pyrite from the Qiyugou gold deposit in western Henan, central China

The Rb-Sr isotopic dating of pyrite mineral from ore deposits can directly provide mineralization age. However, many geological factors may affect the Rb-Sr isotopic system,which baffles application of this method. Employing ultra-low procedural blank Rb-Sr method,we have dated pyrites separated from the No. 4 breccia pipe of the Qiyugou gold deposit,western Henan Province. Single grains of euhedral pyrite crystal with few microcracks yield an isochron age of 126 ± 11 Ma, which represents time of the main mineralization stage of the deposit. Pyrite grains of cataclastic type show nevertheless scattered Rb-Sr isotopic composition and no reasonable isochron can be defined. Crystal morphology and mineral inclusion studies reveal that Rb and Sr of pyrite mineral probably are preserved mainly in biotite, K-feldspar, and sericite mineral inclusions. The dating results likely suggest that cataclastic pyrite is not suitable for the Rb-Sr dating due to modification of the Rb-Sr isotopic system by later hydrothermal activity of fluid.     

An in situ zircon Hf isotopic,U-Pb age and trace element study of banded granulite xenolith from Hannuoba basalt： Tracking the early evolution of the lower crust in the North China craton

Backscattered electron images, in situ Hf isotopes, U-Pb ages and trace elements of zircons in a banded granulite xenolith from Hannuoba basalt have been studied. The results show that the banded granulite is a sample derived from the early lower crust of the North China craton. It is difficult to explain the petrogenesis of the xenolith with a single process. Abundant information on several processes, however, is contained in the granulite. These processes in-clude the addition of mantle material, crustal remelting, metamorphic differentiation and the delamination of early lower crust. About 80% of zircons studied yield ages of 1842 ±40 Ma, except few ages of 3097-2824 Ma and 2489-2447 Ma. The zircons with ages older than 2447 Ma have high εHf (up to +18.3) and high Hf model age (2.5-2.6 Ga), indicating that the primitive materials of the granulite were derived mainly from a depleted mantle source in late Archean. Most εhf of the zircons with early Proterozoic U-Pb age vary around zero, but two have     

Consortium for the Human Information and Neurocognitive Endophenotype （CHINE） in mainland China： An example from neurological soft signs for neuropsychiatric disorders

Increasing efforts to identify alternate expressions of neuropsychiatric disorders that are broader than the DSM or ICD diagnostic criteria needed to diagnose them reflects a growing consensus that multidimensional expressions of neuropsychiatric disorders may advance the search for underlying etiological or modulatory factors. Endophenotypic research can be considered to be one of the most promising strategies to bridge the gap between genomic complexity and the phenotypic heterogeneity observed in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the majority of endophenotype studies were limited to our western counterparts, very little has been done and initiated by scholars in mainland China. In this paper, we urge the need to establish a potential central consortium for endophenotypes to study neuropsychiatric disorders in mainland China. In particular, we illustrate a potential example of neurological soft signs in following the steps for building the consortium.     

Geochemical characteristics and petrogenesis of Mesozoic basalts from the North China Craton： A case study in Fuxin, Liaoning Province

Occurrence of Cretaceous basalts in Fuxin County, Liaoning Province provides us an opportunity to understand Mesozoic mantle processes beneath the northern margin of the North China Craton (NNCC). Fuxin Jianguo basalts occur as volcanic channel phases with well-developed columnar jointings and contain few spinel lherzolite and pyroxenite xenoliths. They are poor in silica and rich in alkalis, Ti and Al, belonging to alkaline basalts. In trace element compositions, Jianguo basalts are moderately enriched in LREE and LILE, but not depleted in HFSE. They have low Sr and high Nd and Pb isotopic ratios. These geochemical characteristics suggest that Jianguo basalts originated from the depleted asthenosphere, representing an undifferentiated and uncontaminated primitive magma. Presence of these basalts indicates that the lithosphere beneath the region had thickness less than 65 km at the time of basalt eruption and was mainly composed of fertile pargasite-bearing spinel Iherzolite and plagioclase pyroxenite. The voluminous basaltic-andesitic magmatism during the early Jurassic-late Cretaceous time indicates that the commencement and accomplishment of lithosphere thinning in the NNCC was much earlier than that in the southern margin, since the mafic-intermediate volcanism only occurred at the Cretaceous time in the southern margin and the basalts with an asthenosphere isotopic signature at the Tertiary. This shows that highly spatial and temporal heterogeneity existed in the Mesozoic lithosphere evolution.     

SHRIMP ages of detrital zircons from the Changcheng System in the Ming Tombs area, Beijing： Constraints on the protolith nature and maximum depositional age of the Mesoproterozoic cover of the North China Craton

The Mesoproterozoic Changcheng System is widely distributed in the North China Craton. Determining its time of deposition and sources is important to understand the Precambrian crustal evolution of the North China Craton. This paper suggests age distribution patterns for detrital zircons from clastic sediments of the Changcheng System in the Ming Tombs area, Beijing. Samples of feldspar-bearing sandstone (CHc-2) and pure sandstone (CHc-9) were collected from the Changzhougou Formation, which constitutes the basal part of the Changcheng System. Detrital zircons show an age range from 2.35 to 2.60 Ga. However, sample CHc-9 in the upper Changzhougou Formation also contains some zircons with ages of 1.9-1.8 Ga and 2.3-2.1 Ga. The age patterns lead to the following conclusions: (1) Most of the detrital material came from a source area composed predominantly of -2.5 Ga continental crust of the North China Craton; (2) 1.9--1.8 Ga reflects the age record of Palaeoproterozoic continent-continent collisional event in the North China Craton; and (3) the oldest age for deposition of the Changcheng System is 1.8 Ga.     

遥感与GIS支持下杭州湾北岸湿地空间威胁性分析与评价研究

杭州湾北岸地处上海市最南端,是我国滨海湿地集中分布区域之一.受自然要素和人类活动的复合影响,该区域湿地资源的数量和结构不断发生变化,湿地生态系统受到威胁.选用高空间分辨率遥感影像,以1hm2以上湿地斑块作为基本评价单元,选择城镇化水平、化工水污染风险、外来湿地植物入侵及海岸侵蚀4种主要评价指标,基于3S技术与层次分析法分析和评价杭州湾北岸湿地受威胁现状.结果表明:(1)杭州湾北岸湿地90%以上受威胁程度处于中低等水平;(2)威胁等级极高的湿地斑块数量不多但分布集中,主要分布于杭州湾北岸金山区滨海淤泥质地带;(3)遥感和GIS技术结合可有效用于湿地空间威胁性分析,其结果可为杭州湾北岸湿地保护和管理提供科学依据.     

杭州湾河口地区表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征及污染评价

对杭州湾河口地区南北岸及钱塘江杭州河段15个采样点的表层沉积物中重金属含量进行了测定.结果表明,Cu,Cr,Pb,Zn及Cd含量范围分别为17.0～48.6,24.4～44.1,23.0～55.8,186.8～324.4,0.07～0.60mg/kg.各元素平均含量排序为Zn>Cr>Pb>Cu>Cd.与国内外典型的河口和滨岸带比较,该地区Cu,Cr,Pb及Cd的平均含量处在相对较低的水平,但Zn的污染较为严重.重金属含量沿程分布特征呈现多峰值变化,表明原因较为复杂,受多种环境因素共同影响.地累积指数法及生态风险指数法对重金属污染程度评价结果一致,大多数采样点的Zn处于中度污染水平,Cd及Cu处于轻度污染,Pb及Cr处于轻度污染或较为清洁状态.重金属元素污染程度排序为Zn>Cd>Cu>Pb>Cr.生态风险评价结果表明该地区总体处于低度生态风险等级,其中Cu,Cr,Pb及Zn均为低生态风险等级,而Cd为中度或较重生态风险等级.生态危害程度的排序为Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn>Cr.     

杭州湾北岸漕泾-柘林近岸海域浮游生物的调查

1996年11月和1997年3月,对漕泾－柘林的近岸海域的浮游生物进行了调查,1996年11月浮游植物平均密度为3．39×104个／L,密集于高潮带,主要有舟形藻、圆筛藻、直链藻等5种藻类,舟形藻为优势种;1997年3月平均密度为1．65×104个／L,密集于潮下带,主要有囊裸藻、针杆藻、小球藻等7种,囊裸藻为优势种．1996年11月,浮游动物的平均个体数为2．84×102个地,原生动物为优势种类;1997年3月,平均个体数为1．83×102个／L,以多毛类疣足幼虫为主;两次调查时浮游动物都密集于低潮带．     

土地利用与覆被变化对鸟类群落组成影响研究 ——以杭州湾河口为例

以人口分布相对集中的区域杭州湾河口为例,通过遥感技术、野外调查和典型对应分析(CCA)排序分析的方法,对该区域的鸟类群落组成和结构进行研究.结果表明:1)土地利用与土地覆盖(LULC)影响鸟类群落的组成,鸟类的种类分别为农田31种、滩涂湿地30种、工业园区18种;鸟类的数量组成分别为滩涂湿地588只次、农田356只次、...     

Trend analysis of sediment grain size and sedimentary process in the central South Yellow Sea

With the method of trend analysis of sediment grain size, the sediment transport trend of the fine-grained sediments area in the central South Yellow Sea was studied. The results demonstrated that there is a sedimentation center around the point of 123.4°E, 35.1°N, and the sediments outside the center are transported to it. The patterns of sediment transportation and deposition in the Yellow Sea should be controlled by cyclonic circulation (including the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass) and cold water gyre. The study also showed that the method of trend analysis of sediment grain size has prospective utilization in the fine-grained sediment deposited area on large-scale continental shelf.     

Comparisons of grain size characteristics of red earth from southern China with that of loess and dune sand from Beijing region

The comparisons of grain size distributions among eolian deposits along the monsoon wind trajectory are a fundamental task for the reconstruction of the past wind regimes. Here the authors sampled the dune sands in Hunsandak desert, loess deposits in Beijing region and red earth in southern China. Grain size analyses show that the distribution models of the loess and dune sand samples are unimodal whereas the red earth and paleosol are polymodal. The red earth, paleosol, loess and dune samples are distinguished and closely related to one another in grain size parameter diagrams. Moreover, the grain size distributions and parameters of the red earth and paleosol are similar, implying that the red earth in southern China and the paleosol in northern China had the same origin.     

旅大6-2油田断裂特征及其对油气富集的控制作用

旅大6-2油田油气平面分布区域和垂向分布层位差异明显, 平面上,油气富集程度南区大于北区;垂向上,东二下段大于馆陶组和东三段。研究区勘探实践证实断裂不仅严格控制着油气组合的空间展布和圈闭形成,而且对油气聚集活动以及油藏的形成分布有着重要影响。为此,从断裂特征入手对旅大6-2油田油气差异富集规律进行研究,主要分析了油源断裂密度、断层活动速率和边界断裂产状三个主控因素,研究结果表明：油源断裂分布特征和晚期活动断裂的分布位置控制了平面上南北区油气差异富集;陡坡带边界断裂的坡坪式形态决定了不同层位有效圈闭的大小;边界断裂的坡坪式形态和断层活动速率最终控制了垂向上不同层位油气富集程度。     

威海双岛湾海域营养盐特征、限制性分析与评价

根据2015年6月对威海双岛湾的海洋生态环境调查资料,分析了DIN、PO_4-P和COD的特征及限制性因子。综合运用单因子指数、水体富营养化指数和有机污染状况评价等方法对该海域富营养化程度进行了评价。结果显示:NO_3-N为DIN的主要存在形式,DIN为双岛湾的主要污染因子,DIN、PO_4-P和COD平均浓度为164.99μg/L、4.51μg/L和0.93 mg/L。除部分站位DIN外,其余站位DIN、PO_4-P及COD浓度均符合一类海水水质标准。营养盐及COD浓度平面分布总体呈现南高北低,湾内高于湾外趋势。N/P均值为83.04,营养结构特征为磷限制。对比历史数据,双岛湾N/P失衡呈逐年加剧趋势。富营养化指数均值为0.16,海水有机污染指数变化区间为-0.62~1.02,与富营养化指数法相比,海水有机污染指数法结论更为客观。     

城市生态规划的基础理论与实证研究--以厦门马銮湾为例

国际上正式提出城市生态规划的概念约在20世纪70年代初,虽然时间不长,但其学术思想却有着悠久的历史渊源,近年来随着世界范围内城市化的加速发展,城市生态规划变得愈来愈重要;论述了国际城市生态规划研究的背景、基础理论、科学内涵及城市生态规划与建设的内容,并以厦门马銮湾地区城市生态规划为例,从城市的结构、功能、城乡生态关系协调性及生态环境管理对策等方面,提出了城市生态规划和小尺度区域生态规划建设的途径与措施．