南祁连盆地哈拉湖坳陷上三叠统尕勒德寺组泥质岩类烃源岩评价

南祁连盆地广泛发育上三叠统尕勒德寺组泥质岩类烃源岩,但是其有机质丰度、类型、热演化程度的研究程度都很低。因此,对此地区烃源岩进行油气资源综合评价是十分必要的。据此,从烃源岩类型、有机质的类型、丰度、成熟度等方面对南祁连盆地哈拉湖坳陷上三叠统尕拉德寺组烃源岩进行了综合评价。研究表明,有机质丰度为差—中等,有机质类型为腐泥腐殖型(Ⅱ2),有机质到达高成熟—过成熟阶段。整体评价为中等烃源岩。     

百色地区下三叠统-泥盆系烃源岩有机地球化学特征及生烃潜力分析

百色盆地海相烃源岩主要为孤立台地和台间海槽碳酸盐岩.根据百色盆地周缘大量露头样品的残余有机碳含量、干酪根碳同位素、饱和烃色谱及色质等地球化学实验数据,分析了下三叠统-泥盆系海相烃源岩的有机质丰度、类型、热演化程度.针对地表烃源岩样品具有高热演化、低丰度的地化特征,在有机质丰度的热解损失和地表风化损失校正基础上,采用蒙特卡罗法模拟计算烃源岩生烃强度.在综合分析烃源岩地化特征和生烃强度的基础上,认为百色盆地下三叠统-泥盆系海相烃源岩具有低-中等级别的生烃能力.     

准噶尔盆地南缘中二叠统烃源岩地球化学特征

以准噶尔盆地南缘地区妖魔山与红雁池剖面中二叠统芦草沟组与红雁池组样品为例,采用有机地球化学及有机岩石学方法,系统分析中二叠统烃源岩有机质丰度、有机质类型及成熟度。研究结果表明:中二叠统芦草沟组和红雁池组烃源岩厚度大,表征有机质丰度的有机碳含量、氯仿沥青"A"、总烃等地球化学参数均显示达到较好—好烃源岩的标准,有机质类型以Ⅰ型与Ⅱ1型为主,显微组分多为孢子体、角质体以及藻类体,以富氢组分为主,有机质成熟度Ro在0.6%以上,而在凹陷深部二叠系成熟度更高,三叠纪早期达到生油高峰,到目前为止已经结束生烃。总体上,中二叠统烃源岩具有较好的生烃能力,具有勘探价值。     

海拉尔盆地莫达木吉凹陷下白垩统烃源岩地球化学特征研究

海拉尔盆地莫达木吉凹陷下白垩统是区域油气勘探潜在目标层系,缺乏对烃源岩地球化学特征的详细研究。通过有机地球化学方法对莫达木吉凹陷下白垩统烃源岩地球化学特征进行了研究,认为南屯组(K_1n)和大磨拐河组(K_1d)烃源岩有机质类型以Ⅱ_2-Ⅲ型为主,差异性主要体现在有机质丰度和成熟度。同时,在恢复埋藏史的基础上建立了研究区主力烃源岩在该地质时期成熟度演化模型,模拟结果显示:大二段烃源岩处于未成熟-低成熟阶,大一段烃源岩处于低成熟阶段;南二段烃源岩处于低成熟-成熟阶段;南一段烃源岩热演化程度相对较高,达到成熟生油气阶段。综合分析得出大磨拐河组(K_1d)烃源岩有机质丰度整体较高,但热演化程度低,生烃潜力小;随着埋深的增加,烃源岩热演化程度增加,到南二段(K_1n_2)开始进入成熟生烃阶段,生烃潜力较大;南一段(K_1n_1)烃源岩有机质丰度低,为差烃源岩,生烃潜力较小。     

四川盆地阆中南部地区须家河组第三段烃源岩地球化学特征

研究四川盆地阆中南部地区上三叠统须家河组第三段烃源岩的地球化学特征与生烃潜力。通过对须三段烃源岩有机质类型、有机质丰度、热演化程度、烃源岩平面展布和生物标志化合物的研究,结果显示:(1)须三段烃源岩有机碳质量分数普遍大于1%,有机质丰度高,为好的烃源岩;(2)有机质类型以腐殖型(Ⅲ型)为主,部分为腐泥-腐殖型(Ⅱ_2型),热演化程度高,处于成熟-过成熟阶段;(3)正构烷烃碳数分布具单峰型和前低后高的双峰形态,为混合型物源输入;(4)沉积环境主要为还原-弱氧化环境。烃源岩厚度为50～110m,有机碳质量分数4%,生烃强度在(6～12)×10~8 m~3/km~2。阆中南部地区须三段具备形成工业气藏的烃源条件。     

吉木萨尔凹陷吉174井二叠系芦草沟组烃源岩地球化学特征

通过对准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷吉174井二叠系芦草沟组烃源岩进行有机地球化学分析,研究了源岩有机质的丰度、类型和成熟度,并初步评价了其生烃潜力。研究结果表明,吉174井二叠系芦草沟组泥岩类有机质丰度达到了好-最好烃源岩标准。有机质以II型为主,有机质热演化进入成熟演化阶段。因此,吉174井二叠系芦草沟组泥岩类为一套优质的烃源岩,其生烃潜力大,是该区二叠系芦草沟组致密油的供给者。     

高演化碳酸盐岩烃源岩生烃演化特征与评价方法

中国在下古生界海相碳酸盐岩层系的油气勘探取得了重大突破,在此背景下,下古生界广泛发育的高演化、低TOC丰度的碳酸盐岩能否成为有效烃源备受关注。碳酸盐岩烃源岩中的成烃生物主要以浮游藻类为主,有机质除了干酪根之外,还存在丰富的可溶有机质和酸溶有机质,这些特殊性质决定了碳酸盐岩中有机质具有较高的生烃转化率。另一方面,在高过成熟阶段,碳酸盐岩烃源岩中存在显著的有机碳向无机碳转化过程,其机理主要与TSR作用和有机酸盐生烃有关,并表现出碳酸盐岩碳同位素组成的负漂。这些因素是导致高演化碳酸盐岩烃源岩表观TOC低的重要因素。因此,不能以TOC低否定高演化碳酸盐岩烃源岩经历的生烃过程和生成烃量。高过成熟碳酸盐岩烃源岩评价应综合考虑成烃生物类型与数量、有机碳同位素组成和无机碳同位素负漂等因素。     

额济纳旗及其邻区石炭-二叠系阿木山组烃源岩综合评价

额济纳旗及其邻区石炭-二叠系阿木山组烃源岩分布广、厚度大.通过对露头剖面观察采样,结合钻井样品进行分析测试,从有机质丰度、类型、成熟度和烃源岩分布特征等方面开展研究,对阿木山组烃源岩进行综合评价.结果表明:区内阿木山组烃源岩有机质丰度总体为"中等-好"级别,有机质类型以Ⅱ1-Ⅱ2型为主;有机质成熟度以成熟-高成熟阶段为主,且区内存在一定差异.总体看来,该组烃源岩生烃潜力较大,研究区具有良好的油气勘探前景.     

新疆三塘湖盆地烃源岩特征

新疆三塘湖盆地主要有三套烃源岩:中生界上三叠统和中下侏罗统煤系烃源岩、古生界上二叠统湖相低熟烃源岩和古生界下二叠统和石炭系湖相成熟烃源岩.烃源岩在马朗凹陷、条湖凹陷和汉水泉凹陷均有分布,岩性主要为暗色泥岩、煤和碳质泥岩.最有利的烃源岩为马朗凹陷中有机质丰度高、类型好、油气生成量大且碳酸盐岩含量高的上二叠统芦草沟组烃源岩.     

西藏羌塘盆地土门地区上三叠统烃源岩特征*

以羌塘盆地土门地区上三叠统波里拉组为研究对象,对烃源岩有机地球化学测试数据进行了统计分析。烃源岩有机质总体上处于高成熟阶段,有机碳含量值随成熟度增高而减小,测试获得的TOC值为残余TOC,TOC与氯仿沥青"A"和生烃潜力所指示的有机质丰度明显不同。有机质类型是以腐泥组为主的Ⅱ1-Ⅱ2型,源自海相环境还原条件下原地生产的有机质。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.