The effects of IPC,CIPC, sevin and zectran onBacillus subtilis

Résumé On a étudié les effets phénotypiques et génotypiques de 2 insecticides (Sevin et Zectran) et 2 herbicides (IPC et CIPC) surB. subtilis. Les composés carbamiques inhibent la croissance, induisent une tendance à la formation de longues chaînes. Ils n'ont toutefois pas un effet mutagénique sur le locus de l'indole deB. subtilis.This work was supported by Research Contract No. PH 43-64-57 National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service and is paper No. 40 published under this contract.     

The chromosomes ofBufo rubropunctatus andBufo chilensis (Anura,Bufonidae) and other species of thespinolosus group

Summary The chromosomes ofBufo rubropunctatus andB. chilensis (on basis of adults) are described for the first time. These chromosomic sets are compared with the karyotypes ofB. spinolosus andB. variegatus and other species ofspinolosus group. The importance of the secondary constrictions applied to the phylogeny ofBufo are discussed.Supported by Proyecto N⁰ S-77-47, Dirección de Investigación, Universidad Austral de Chile.I would like to thank Dr J. M. Cei for collecting the Argentinian toads. Mr N. Diaz collected the specimens from Santiago, Chile.The technical assistence of Sonia Lacrampe is acknowledged with appreciation.     

Der Briefwechsel von E. S. von Fedorow und F. Klein, 1893

Ohne Zusammenfassung B. L. van der Waerden zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet Vorgelegt von B. L. van der Waerden     

Pepsinogens, progastricsins, and prochymosins: structure, function, evolution, and development

Five types of zymogens of pepsins, gastric digestive proteinases, are known: pepsinogens A, B, and F, progastricsin, and prochymosin. The amino acid and/or nucleotide sequences of more than 50 pepsinogens other than pepsinogen B have been determined to date. Phylogenetic analyses based on these sequences indicate that progastricsin diverged first followed by prochymosin, and that pepsinogens A and F are most closely related. Tertiary structures, clarified by X-ray crystallography, are commonly bilobal with a large active-site cleft between the lobes. Two aspartates in the center of the cleft, Asp32 and Asp215, function as catalytic residues, and thus pepsinogens are classified as aspartic proteinases. Conversion of pepsinogens to pepsins proceeds autocatalytically at acidic pH by two different pathways, a one-step pathway to release the intact activation segment directly, and a stepwise pathway through a pseudopepsin(s). The active-site cleft is large enough to accommodate at least seven residues of a substrate, thus forming S₄ through S₃′ subsites. Hydrophobic and aromatic amino acids are preferred at the P₁ and P₁′ positions. Interactions at additional subsites are important in some cases, for example with cleavage of κ-casein by chymosin. Two potent naturally occurring inhibitors are known: pepstatin, a pentapeptide from Streptomyces, and a unique proteinous inhibitor from Ascaris. Pepsinogen genes comprise nine exons and may be multiple, especially for pepsinogen A. The latter and progastricsin predominate in adult animals, while pepsinogen F and prochymosin are the main forms in the fetus/infant. The switching of gene expression from fetal/infant to adult-type pepsinogens during postnatal development is noteworthy, being regulated by several factors, including steroid hormones. Received 25 May 2001; received after revision 27 August 2001; accepted 30 August 2001     

An attempt to date text 3 of Enuma Anu Enlil,tablets 50–51 “tentative date December 2, — 1878”

Communicated by B. L. van der Waerden     

Über voreuklidische „Elemente“, deren Autor Proportionen vermied

Ohne Zusammenfassung Vorgelegt von B. L. van der Waerden     

Studies of the blood ofAscidia ceratodes. Total blood cell counts,differential blood cell counts,hematocrit values,seasonal variations,and fluorescent characteristics of blood cells

Summary Seasonal, and animal size and weight variations of the blood cells of the vanadium-containing ascidian,Ascidia ceratodes, were determined. The fluorescent properties of various cell types were ascertained, and discussed in terms of cell development, phylogenic position of the species, and chemicals in the cells.This investigation was supported by a grant from the Research Corporation and one of us (W.R.B.) received partial support from various University of California administrated fellowships. The current address of W.R.B. is Chevron Research Products, Richmond, CA. The use of the facilities at the Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California are acknowledged.     

Der Briefwechsel von E. S. von Fedorow und A. Schoenflies, 1889–1908

Ohne Zusammenfassung Vorgelegt von B. L. van der Waerden Herrn Professor I. I. Schafranovsky, Berginstitut Leningrad, in Dankbarkeit gewidmet     

Effect of tingenone,a quinonoid triterpene,on growth and macromolecule biosynthesis inTrypanosoma cruzi

Summary Tingenone and horminone, two natural quinonoid substances, inhibited the in vitro growth ofTrypanosoma cruzi, 30 M drug concentration producing total inhibition of growth. Tingenone inhibited total uptake and incorporation of [³H]thymidine, [³H]uridine, L-[³H]leucine into parasite macromolecules. Other quinonoids assayed were either less effective (abruquinone A) or even quite inactive (visminone B and ferruginin B). Investigation of several mechanisms for the cytotoxic action of tingenone pointed to the interaction with DNA as the most likely factor involved. Tingenone also inhibited the growth ofCrithidia fasciculata, but the drug was significantly less active on this organism than onT. cruzi.This work was supported by grants of UNDP/World Bank/World Health Organization Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, Organization of American States (Multinational Programme of Biochemistry) and Programa Nacional de Enfermedades Endémicas (SECYT), República Argentina. A preliminary account was given at the Workshop on Oxidative Damage and Related Enzymes, Frascatti (Italy), 1983.     

Pheromone components of the female elephant hawk-moth,Deilephila elpenor,and the silver-striped hawk-moth,Hippotion celerio

By means of gas chromatographic and mass spectroscopic methods, and combined GC-electroantennogram and electrosensillogram techniques, (E)-11-hexadecenal and (10E, 12E)-10,12-hexadecadienal [(E,E)-bombykal is also the main constituent of the pheromone of the silver-striped hawk-mothHippotion celerio. The biological activity of the substances was demonstrated with electroantennogram and single cell recording, and the physiological efficacy of the different hexadecadienal isomers compared.Pheromones, 79; as Pheromones, 78 is taken: Wu, Cai-Hong, and Bestmann, H. J., Chinese Science Bulletin34 (1989) 1475; pheromones, 77: Attygalle, A. B., Steghaus0Kovac, S., Ahmed, V. U., Maschwitz, U., Vostrowsky, Ol, and Bestmann, H. J., Naturwissen-schaften78 (1991) 90.     

The association of phytoecdysteroids with flowering in fat hen,Chenopodium album,and other members of the Chenopodiaceae

Very high concentrations of ecdysteroid are associated with flowering inChenopodium album. Highest concentrations are found in anthers, but significant levels are also found in the stamens, carpels and sepals. In contrast, pollen contains only low levels. The ecdysteroid profile is the same in anthers as in whole-plant extracts, with 20-hydroxyecdysone and polypodine B predominating. The results for flowers ofC. album are compared with the patterns determined for other chenopods (C. capitatum, C. polyspermum, C. anthelminticum, C. giganteum, C. quinoa andC. foliosum). The significance of these findings for plant-insect interactions and the relationship to the mode of plant pollination are discussed.     

Analyse des akustischen Geschlechtererkennungsmechanismus (Befreiungsrufe) bei Kröten (GenusBufo)

Summary The release calls of male European toads (B. bufo L.,B. calamita Laur.,B. viridis Laur.) have been described and recorded in the form of spectrograms and oscillograms. While only 1 type of release call is uttered byB. bufo, inB. viridis andB. calamita 2 and 3 types respectively were found. The latter 2 species show a close relationship,B. calamita being the most highly developed toad in Europe.     

Über die Wechselwirkungen zwischen der französischen Schule,Riemann und Weierstraß. Eine Übersicht mit zwei Quellenstudien

Ohne Zusammenfassung Vorgelegt von I. B. Cohen     

Interaction of Co, Mn, Mg and Al with d(GCCCATGGC) and d(CCGGGCCCGG): a spectroscopic study

Spectroscopic study of the interactions of metal ions, Co, Mn, Mg and Al with d(GCCCATGGGC) and d(CCGGGCCCGG) revealed the following. Metal ions Mn, Al and Mg at the lowest concentrations enhanced the t _m of oligomers, whereas Mn and Mg at higher concentrations decreased the t _m . Co enhanced the t _m of oligomers at higher concentrations. The studies have also indicated that Mn at lower concentrations displaced EtBr fluorescence, Mg and Co at moderate concentrations and Al only at higher concentrations. Addition of Co, Mn, Mg and Al altered the bands of the circulars dichroism (CD) spectra of the oligomers in a concentration-dependent manner. The CD spectra of d(GCCCATGGGC) and d(CCGGGCCCGG) indicated B and Z forms of DNA, respectively, in contrast to the A form observed in the crystal structures. Mg and Co at different ionic strength induced Z–B transition in d(CCGGGCCCGG), while Al at higher concentrations induced a Z–A transition. Mn did not induce any transition. This is the first report to show that Al causes structural transitions in sequence-specific oligomers and has strong binding ability with GC-rich euchromatin oligomers. Received 22 December 1997; received after revision 16 March 1998; accepted 16 March 1998     

Karyotypes of several frogs from Korea,Taiwan and the Philippines

Summary Rana amurensis coreana, R. plancyi chosenica, R. latouchii, R. narina andOoeidozyga laevis have 2n=26 chromosomes,R. kuhlii has 2n=22, andKaloula picta has 2n=28. Males ofR. narina have a conspicuous heteromorphic pair, No. 8, which might play a rôle in sex-determination.Supported in part by a grant from the Japan-American Scholarship Foundation.I wish to thank Dr H.K. Kim, Dr Y.-S. Liang, Dr V. Samson-Carino, Mr C.-S. Wang, Mr P.S. Lin and Mr B. Durusan for their aid in every aspect during the collecting trips.     

Chromosomes of South American Bufonidae (Amphibia anura)

Resumen Se estudiaron los cariotipos de ocho especies de Bufonidae sudamericanos:B. arenarum, B. ictericus ictericus, B. paracnemis, B. marinus, B. crucifer, B. granulosus d'orbignyi, B. granulosus fernandezae andB. spinulosus. En todas las especies se encontraron 2n = 22 chromosomas. No se encontró en el macho, ningun par heteromórfico, ni bivalente con caracteristicas y comportamiento que indicara la presencia de cromosomas sexuales.     

Effect of carbobenzoxy,phenylacetyl and phenylpropionyl derivatives of amino acids on mammalian and bacterial asparaginase

Zusammenfassung Während Acylderivate von Aminosäuren mit mehr als einer aromatischen Gruppe (wie z.B. N-Phenylacetyl-S-benzyl-l-cystein) auf Rattenleberasparaginase eine stark hemmende Wirkung ausüben, werden Asparaginase ausEscherichia coli undErwinia cartovora durch solche Verbindungen nicht gehemmt.     

Acid phosphatase in eggs of the zebrafish,Brachydanio rerio

Summary 2 isozymes of acid phosphatase have been identified by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis in the ovary and mature, unfertilized eggs ofB. rerio. Histochemically, the enzyme appears to be localized in preyolk bodies of previtellogenic oocytes and in yolk platelets of vitellogenic and postvitellogenic oocytes. The contents of the cortical granules at all stages of oocyte differentiation were acid phosphatase negative.     

Effects of an insect growth regulator,ZR-2646 on egg fertility in the fleshfly,Sarcophaga bullata

Summary Topical application of an insect growth regulator, ZR-2646 on adult females ofSarcophaga bullata affects the viability of the eggs. The compound is most effective if applied at the time of ovulation.The work was supported by the National Research Council of Canada.I am grateful to Dr G.B. Staal, Zoecon Corporation, Palo Alto, California, for the gift of ZR-2646.     

The effect of virus B on enzyme-systems of the host,in vivo andin vitro

Zusammenfassung Im Hirnbrei von mit Virus B infizierten Kaninchen und in Gewebezuchten von Affennieren-Epithelien werden Veränderungen des Fermentgehaltes beobachtet. In beiden Fällen zeigt sich eine starke Zunahme der RNA-ase, während sich Nucleotidase, DNA-asen und Phosphomonoesterasenin vivo undin vitro nicht gleich verhalten.

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This work was supported by a Public Health Grant of the Ontario Department of Health, Canada.