基于IDA方法的连续梁桥地震易损性分析

连续梁桥因跨越能力强、行车舒适性好以及施工方法成熟等优点被广泛采用,因此,保障连续梁桥在地震作用下的安全性,研究连续梁桥抗震性能具有重要意义。使用Midas civil软件建立典型三跨连续梁桥模型,采用增量动力分析(incremental dynamic analysis, IDA)方法对桥梁结构进行地震易损性分析,得到桥梁结构构件地震易损性曲线,从而对桥梁结构抗震性能进行研究。研究结果表明：地震作用下,使用盆式固定支座的桥墩损伤概率始终大于使用活动支座的桥墩,盆式固定支座的破坏概率也大于活动支座;隔震桥墩损伤概率与墩高密切相关,墩高越高,墩顶位移越大,桥墩损伤概率也越大;与非隔震桥墩相比,隔震桥墩损伤概率明显降低,隔震效果明显;与非隔震活动支座相比,由于采用隔震支座后,桥梁结构刚度下降,隔震支座破坏概率反而更高;但相比于非隔震固定支座,隔震支座破坏概率改善明显,总体结果符合桥梁抗震设计思路。     

公路梁桥高阻尼橡胶支座优化配置研究

减隔震设计是较为有效的抗震措施,高阻尼橡胶支座(HDR)亦因其较好的减隔震效果在公路梁桥中广泛应用。采用非线性时程分析法对软弱场地中配置不同减隔震支座的梁式桥进行地震响应分析,研究发现高阻尼橡胶支座的减隔震效果优于相同支承能力的板式橡胶支座。然而,无论是滑动式板式支座还是滑动式高阻尼橡胶支座均会导致相应桥墩处的支座位移过大,且各项地震响应与其他各墩差异较大,荷载在各墩间分配不均。通过改变边墩处高阻尼橡胶支座的刚度及类型,分析对比了支座的各项参数对桥梁结构地震响应的影响规律。研究发现全桥采用刚度相近的高阻尼橡胶支座时能够达到全桥各墩抗震性能的均衡、减小地震作用对桥梁结构及支座的破坏。     

长联大跨复杂桥梁抗震设计及其方案优化

长联大跨连续梁桥因其跨越能力大、伸缩缝少等优点,应用较为广泛,且跨径联长有不断增大的趋势。该类桥梁在地震作用下的地震响应较为复杂,并且温度变形较大,受减隔震方案的支座选取及约束体系影响较大,在抗震设计时应予以考虑。本文以某长联大跨复杂连续梁桥为研究对象,建立有限元模型,对其抗震性能进行分析。结果表明:采用常规的设计方案不满足抗震要求,需进行减隔震设计。分别设计了单墩固定和双墩固定两种形式的墩梁连接方式,并从温度作用下产生的附加内力、伸缩缝位移、支座和墩柱的地震响应、减震率等方面进行了系统的对比分析,提出最优减隔震方案。分析表明:双墩固定方案的地震响应相对于单墩固定方案稍小,减隔震效率相对较高,且伸缩缝位移相对较小;双面摩擦摆+黏滞阻尼器方案地震响应最小,减震效果最好,但阻尼器易漏油,维护成本高;钢支座(边墩)+高阻尼橡胶支座(中墩)方案支座剪力偏大;综合考虑温度变化影响、地震响应、减震效果以及减隔震方案的可维护性和经济性等各方面的影响,双墩固定的钢支座(中支座)+高阻尼橡胶支座(边支座)方案较优。     

山区公路桥梁高性能板式减震橡胶支座振动台试验

为探究高性能板式减震橡胶支座对山区常见不等墩高中小跨径连续梁桥的隔震效果,对一座采用该类隔震支座隔震的、桥墩刚度不等的两跨连续梁桥简化模型进行了纵桥向振动台试验.采用多烈度多设防水准的人工波、Northridge地震波作为激励,分析各类地震下隔震模型的支座变形表现及结构关键位置响应的变化规律.试验结果表明该类支座的隔震效果可使主梁加速度相比台面减少达58%,且其翘曲滚动变形足以适应结构在9度E2地震作用下的墩梁相对位移,震后还可回复,无残余位移,可以用于此类山区公路桥的隔震.     

双曲面球型减隔震支座的开发及应用

首先比较了现行的几种保证连续梁桥顺桥向抗震安全的减隔震措施，然后详细介绍了同济大学桥梁工程系新近开发的双曲面球型减隔震支座的抗震机理和构造特点，接着简要介绍、分析了对该支座进行的抗震性能试验的研究结果，最后通过对一个11跨连续梁桥算例的抗震分析，表明这种减隔震支座非常适用于连续梁桥的减隔震设计．     

滑动支座摩擦效应对连续梁桥地震响应影响

以1座跨度为(55+4×90+55)m的预应力混凝土变截面连续梁桥为研究对象,采用ANSYS软件建立桥梁动力分析模型.选取3条人工地震波作为地震动输入,基于动力非线性分析方法,考虑摩擦效应,分析盆式橡胶支座连续梁桥非固定墩的地震响应和支座的滞回性能,并与未考虑摩擦效应的地震响应进行比较.结果表明:非固定墩处的盆式橡胶支座在地震作用下形成了规则、饱满的滞回曲线,形状近似为矩形;相对未考虑盆式橡胶支座摩擦效应的模型,考虑支座滑动后,固定墩墩底顺桥向弯矩、剪力分别降低了25.91%、27.41%,固定墩墩顶顺桥向位移和非固定墩墩梁相对位移分别降低了26.15%、25.59%;对于多跨长联连续梁桥,滑动支座数量多且反力大,若不考虑滑动支座的摩擦耗能,桥梁结构地震响应结果偏大,抗震设计偏于保守.     

基于摩擦摆球型支座的多跨曲线连续梁桥抗震性能（英文）

为了探讨多跨曲线连续梁桥的抗震性能和减隔震方法,对基于摩擦摆球型支座的多跨曲线连续梁桥构建了有限元模型,并进行了动力特性和非线性时程分析.结果表明,桥梁模型的纵向刚度弱于横向刚度,且第1阶振型对桥墩纵向地震反应贡献较大,振型参与系数为29.8%,第6阶振型对桥墩横向地震反应贡献较大,振型参与系数为20%;在E1地震作用下,设置的摩擦摆球型支座能够使桥梁保持弹性工作状态,且支座变形和伸缩缝宽度满足要求;在E2地震作用下,部分桥墩的截面最大弯矩需求大于截面的抗弯承载能力,而进一步的桥墩强度验算发现,结果均满足抗震需求.     

采用摩擦摆支座的超大跨连续梁桥隔震效果

为了研究超大跨连续梁桥采用摩擦摆支座的隔震效果,以某主跨为240 m的七跨钢-混凝土连续梁桥为工程背景,建立桩土相互作用动力分析模型,采用非线性连接单元模拟盆式滑动支座及摩擦摆支座的非线性受力性能.非线性地震响应分析结果表明:采用传统抗震体系时,超大跨连续梁桥的固定墩及其桩基础的内力需求非常大;采用摩擦摆支座的隔震体系可以减少固定墩及其桩基础内力约40%,并显著改善其他桥墩的地震力分配.摩擦摆支座对超大跨连续梁桥的减震机理主要体现为:延长结构自振周期、减小固定墩有效振动质量、改变地震力传递途径、增强附属装置耗能,从而显著地改善了超大跨连续梁桥的地震响应.     

基于SHDR支座的异形斜交梁桥减隔震分析

随着城市桥梁的发展,城市立交匝道上异形斜交梁大量增加,由此引起高烈度地区异形斜交连续梁桥减隔震问题日益突出.本文以甘肃(天水)国际陆港城陆港大道第一联(30+28.5)m异形斜交连续梁桥为实际工程背景,采用有限元分析软件Midas Civil—2019建立桥梁空间三维抗震模型,采用反应谱及非线性时程分析方法,对普通橡胶支座和SHDR支座的地震反应的影响分别进行分析,研究在纵向及横向地震作用下1#固定墩和2#活动墩墩顶左右支座位移及内力的变化规律.结果表明:SHDR支座对该异形斜交连续梁具有很好的减隔震作用,采用SHDR支座能增加桥梁结构前三阶振型的自振周期,避开地震动卓越周期;与普通支座相比,采用SHDR支座后,活动墩分担了较大的地震力,固定墩墩底弯矩和墩顶位移反应显著减小,使结构处于弹性受力状态,以满足抗震设防目标.     

多联不规则减隔震梁桥过渡墩抗震性能评价

结合一个工程实例,研究多联不规则减隔震桥梁的地震反应及结构易损部位,并针对其地震响应特点,提出几种调整过渡墩引桥部分铅芯橡胶支座参数的方案,以改善桥梁的抗震性能.采用非线性动力时程分析方法,分析比较了各方案的抗震能力.研究结果表明,适当提高支座的屈前刚度和屈后刚度,或选择合适的屈服力,均可以有效改善过渡墩的抗震性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that