徐深气田火山岩气藏开发采用的地质技术

火山岩储层是天然气开发的新领域,具有广阔的勘探开发前景.自徐深气田火山岩气藏发现以来,徐深气田已提交2217×108 m3探明地质储量.徐深气田火山岩气藏由于火山多期喷发,造成岩相变化快、物性变化大,储层非均质性严重,以Ⅱ、Ⅲ类储层为主,气藏含边底水,直井单井产量低,气藏高效开发难度大.通过几年来的不断探索,开展火山岩气藏开发评价研究,在火山岩岩性岩相识别、储层预测、地质建模及水平井开发等方面取得了初步成果,初步形成了火山岩气藏开发地质评价技术,为火山岩气藏经济高效开发提供了必要的技术支持.应用这些技术,目前,在徐深气田火山岩气藏已建成产能13×108 m3/a,该方法和技术对类似的火山岩气藏开发具有一定的借鉴作用.     

火山岩气藏压裂水平井非稳态产能模型及敏感性分析

目前我国已探明的火山岩气藏地质储量达数千亿立方米,储量规模属世界最大。与常规砂岩气藏相比,火山岩气藏储集层裂缝发育,储集层物性差、渗流机理复杂。现场多利用压裂水平井技术开发火山岩气藏,有利于改善火山岩气藏渗流状况,降低单井成本,提高单井产能。但目前缺乏适合于火山岩气藏压裂水平井的复杂双重介质的非稳态产能预测模型。利用该研究综合考虑火山岩气藏双重介质特性及有限导流裂缝的情况,建立火山岩气藏压裂水平井非稳态产能预测模型,应用Laplace变换和Duhamel原理,同时结合Stehfest数值反演对模型进行求解。应用建立的产能预测模型,结合XS气田火山岩气藏P1井实际储集层及压裂参数,绘制P1井的产能递减曲线,分析了裂缝半长,裂缝条数,裂缝间距及导流能力对火山岩气藏压裂水平井产能递减曲线的影响。同时,应用正交试验进行了多因素分析。研究所获得的结果有助于提高对火山岩气藏压裂水平井产能递减规律的认识,同时,也可为评价预测火山岩气藏压裂水平井产能及优化其压裂裂缝参数提供依据。     

火山岩气藏测试方案优化

为了取得全面、详实、可靠的火山岩气藏测试资料,有效发挥测试资料的作用,需要制定合理的测试方案。火山岩气藏测试方案包括试采前测试初始地层压力及单点产能测试阶段、产能测试阶段、短期试采阶段和压力恢复阶段。最后以长深气田一口井为例进行了分析,得到了该井的优化测试方案。     

松南深层天然气欠平衡水平井钻井完井技术

随着吉林油田勘探开发的不断深入,欠平衡水平井技术开发松南深层天然气具有良好的应用前景。本文以长深井区长深平1井为例介绍了松南长岭1号气田地质简况、钻井完井施工难点、欠平衡水平井钻井剖面优化设计、钻头优选、抗高温欠平衡钻井完井液、欠平衡水平井压力控制技术和完井工艺技术等。     

深层分支水平井技术在吉林油田的应用

近十年来,随着油气井钻井技术的不断进步,定向井、水平井技术已经逐步显示出它们的技术优势,并成熟应用于油气井的开发.分支井作为20世纪初提出的又一复杂形状井型,是水平井、侧钻井技术的集成和发展,是继水平井之后又一项钻井新技术,它适用于各种油气藏,不同分支井可以分别开采相同或不同的油层,能够有效地提高采收率和采油速度,同时可以大大降低采油成本,具有广阔的发展前景.介绍了深层分支水平井钻完井技术在吉林油田长深D平-井中的现场应用情况.长深D平一井的成功实施为长深井区下部深层气藏高效开发提供了一条新途径,对指导松辽盆地深层分支水平井钻井有着重要意义.     

火山岩气藏水平井产能预测方法研究

水平井技术已逐渐成为火山岩气藏提高单井产量和储量动用程度的主体开发技术。由于火山岩气藏非均质性强,具有复杂的渗流机理,给水平井产能预测带来了很大的困难。考虑火山岩气藏储层的非均质性,分别建立了火山岩气藏常规与压裂水平井稳态三维渗流模型。采用有限元方法进行了数值求解,给出了火山岩气藏水平井产能预测方法。实例应用表明提高了产能预测精度,为火山岩气藏水平井设计及产能评价提供了依据。     

筛管砾石充填完井水平气井产能评价

筛管砾石充填完井方式在水平气井中应用广泛.该文综合考虑流体通过射孔孔眼周围压实带的压降、流体通过射孔孔眼的压降和流体通过筛套环空的压降,建立了表皮系数模型及筛管砾石充填完井水平气井的产能预测模型,并对影响产能的因素筛管砾石充填参数、气藏参数、地层污染程度等进行了分析.其中气藏条件和地层污染情况对产能影响较大.     

水平井气化水洗井投产技术

在水平井钻遇油层时应用了MEG钻井液和屏蔽暂堵技术，形成了虚泥饼屏蔽层“伤害”，完井后筛管和井壁之间的环空及筛管内部残存泥饼和泥浆。为最大限度地恢复水平井产能，消除残存泥饼和泥浆是提高水平井产能的关键。开展了水平井解除虚泥饼和泥浆伤害配方和洗井工艺。形成了碱液浸泡、气化水配特殊工具高压旋转喷刷连续拖动清洗工艺技术。     

高渗砂岩油藏水平井储层保护钻井完井液

塔里木盆地三叠系储层为中孔中–高渗储层,孔隙结构呈强非均质性,潜在固相侵入、微粒运移、出砂、流体敏
感性损害严重,水平井完井投产后自喷、气举困难,甚至没有产量。原井浆粒度分析、动态损害评价实验表明,原井浆
对渗透率100 mD 以上的储层保护能力不佳,返排恢复率低于50%。根据屏蔽暂堵原理对原井浆进行改性,并开展了
改性浆粒度分析及动态损害评价;利用FEI Quanta 450 环境扫描电镜观察了原井浆及改性浆的滤饼结构,借助分形几
何理论分析了滤饼孔隙率、孔径和分形维数等结构参数。结果表明：改性钻井完井液能形成致密的滤饼,有效封堵储
层孔喉,返排恢复率达90% 以上。将改性配方应用到工区水平井钻井现场试验,投产后实现了开井高产自喷。     

长岭火山岩气藏水平井开发技术

火山岩气藏一般具有岩石类型繁多、岩性岩相复杂、孔喉结构杂乱、低孔低渗、储层非均质性极其严重等特征.针对火山岩气藏地质特征复杂和开发难度大的特点,对吉林长岭火山岩气田地质特征进行深入研究,分析论证了水平井在提高单井产能、产能替换比、面积替换比和单井控制储量等方面的技术要素.将这些技术要素与直井进行对比,结果表明,利用水平井技术开发火山岩气藏是可行的.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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