近年来长江口水体主离子的变化特征及影响因素分析

通过对2004-2008年长江口徐六泾江水样品中主要离子(Ca2+,Mg2+,Na+,K+,HCO32-,SO42-,Cl-,NO3-和SiO32-)含量的月观测,以及对2008年9月长江下游调查,研究发现,长江河口水体主要离子浓度与径流呈现很好负相关关系,季节变化明显,但主离子浓度季节差异小于径流量的季节差异.河口水体中K+,Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Cl-,SO42-,NO3-,总硬度/总碱度有上升趋势,尤其以SO42-和总硬度/总碱度的上升趋势显著,SiO32-,HCO3-则表现出下降趋势.引起近年来长江口水体主离子浓度变化的影响因素为工业排放、环境酸化、循环盐和三峡蓄水等.     

F-8020型离子膜的劣化及其废弃膜的再生

研究了Ca2+,Mg2+,Fe3+,SO2-4,SiO2-3及I-等杂质离子对F-8020型离子膜制碱过程的影响,探讨了离子膜污染产生机理;用盐酸对F-8020型工业污染膜进行了再生,采用EDAX,SEM及电解性能测试等手段对新旧膜及再生膜性能进行了表征.结果表明:氯碱工业废弃的F-8020型污染膜经再生后膜表面上的Al,Si,Fe,Ti及I等元素形成的污染物能有效去除,电解性能明显改善,再生后离子膜用于盐水电解过程的电流效率达到93%以上,槽压在3.20V以下,能够满足离子膜法制碱工艺的要求和其他用途.     

哈尔滨市大气中PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)质量浓度及金属离子分析

对哈尔滨市大气环境中的PM10、PM2.5进行了采集,并对质量浓度及离子成分进行了分析.实验结果表明,两种颗粒物均呈现了先减小后增大的特征,最高值出现在1月,质量浓度分别是178.85、130.10μg/m3,PM10在1、2、3、4、11、12月均超标,而PM2.5质量浓度则高出欧盟标准(15μg/m3)的2~8倍,另外,离子总质量浓度在8月达到了最低值,分别是42.73μg/m3和25.3μg/m3.PM10和PM2.5中离子成分占颗粒物总质量的比例均表现为中间高两边低的特点,最高含量出现在7月份,分别为67.7%和68.4%.根据相关系数的判别原则,PM10中表现为高度负相关的离子是Ca2+和F-、Ca2+和SO42+、Ca2+和NO3-;表现为高度正相关的离子是K+和Mg2+、K+和Cl-、M2+和Cl-、F-和SO42+、F-和NO3-、SO42+和NO3-,说明上述离子间有相似的污染来源.PM2.5中表现为高度正相关的离子是K+和Cl-、K+和SO42+、K+和NO3-、Mg2+和SO42+、F-和NO3-、SO42+和NO3-,与PM10中离子相关性规律不同.     

N-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪溶液吸收/解吸SO_2的性能研究

文章通过亚硫酸钠溶液研究SO32-浓度和添加不同阴离子对溶液中S(Ⅳ)氧化率的影响。通过静态法和加热法分别研究N-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪溶液吸收/解吸SO2的性能,并推测了N-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪溶液吸收/解吸SO2的机理。结果表明,SO32-浓度在0.08~1.0 mol/L范围内,随着SO32-浓度的增大,S(Ⅳ)氧化率明显降低,当SO32-浓度高于1.0 mol/L,S(Ⅳ)的氧化率降低程度减小;Cl-、SO42-、PO43-和SO32-离子均能够降低S(Ⅳ)的氧化率,且差别不大。选用50%的N-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪溶液吸收SO2,溶液中SO32-浓度高,可有效地抑制溶液中S(Ⅳ)的氧化,解吸率达80.5%,且实验结果与所推测的N-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪溶液吸收/解吸SO2机理相一致。     

离子色谱法测定PM2.5中水溶性无机阴离子

利用戴安ICS-900离子色谱仪对PM2.5中水溶性无机阴离子F-、Cl-、NO2-、NO3-和SO42-进行了分离测定.5种离子的线性相关系数r〉0.996,6次测试的相对标准偏差小于3.34%,F-、Cl-、NO2-、NO3-和SO42-的检测限分别为0.003 8、0.006 1、0.003 8、0.025 4和0.061 1 mg·L-1.该方法操作简单、准确、快速,适用于同时测定PM2.5中的水溶性无机阴离子.     

指示剂及pH值对滴定法测定水中常见离子的影响

水质简分析需要测定水中Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、Na+、Cl-、SO42-、CO32-、HCO3-这8种离子,虽然项目少,但要求快而及时准确,本文主要论述水质简分析时指示剂及pH值对滴定法测定常见离子的影响。     

体液无机离子在镁表面的腐蚀机理

为揭示镁在人体中的腐蚀机理,通过分子动力学模拟方法研究计算了体液中无机离子Cl-、SO2-4、HCO3-和HPO2-4在镁表面的腐蚀,并用实验对模拟的结果进行了验证.研究结果表明:体系加入无机离子后,破坏了水分子的稳定结构,模拟体系的扩散系数明显增大.不同离子溶液与Mg(0001)表面的主要作用力为化学键Mg—O,其会很大程度地破坏镁致密的晶格结构,使镁的表面结构变得疏松有孔.其次,溶液中的Cl-、SO2-4、HCO3-和HPO2-4会通过孔隙进入镁结构内部,通过Mg—Cl、Mg—S、Mg—C和Mg—P间相互作用力拉大Mg—Mg的键长,使得其结构更加疏松,进一步加快其腐蚀进程.加入Cl-、SO2-4、HCO3-和HPO2-4以后,会生成氧化物MgOx H2x,使镁的腐蚀大幅度加快.加入Cl-以后,会生成HCl,加入SO2-4以后,O原子会把Mg原子拉出Mg层,Mg原子会溶入溶液,从而使镁层腐蚀.加入HCO3-以后,会生成H3 CO4.HPO2-4的加入,会生成弱酸H2 PO4.这些生成物都会对镁的腐蚀产生很大的影响.结果表明:加入无机离子后,模拟体系的氧化反应程度增大,增大了镁的腐蚀程度.生成物中若含有HCl、H2 SO4,其体系中镁的腐蚀剧烈,程度较深.生成物中若含有OH-,其也会对镁的腐蚀产生影响,但其生成量很少,影响程度有限.生成物中若含有H2 CO3、H3 PO4等弱酸,对镁的腐蚀作用相对较小,说明Cl-、SO2-4是引起镁腐蚀的主要原因.     

强碱溶液中电沉积金属锌粉技术

碱浸-电解法制备金属锌粉技术具有流程简单、环境友好、适应性强等特点.本文通过能斯特方程计算了强碱性溶液中锌沉积的理论分解电动势,并考察碱浓度、锌浓度、极距、电流密度、搅拌等参数对金属锌粉质量和电流密度的影响,得到最佳的电解条件为：碱浓度4 mol/L,锌浓度30 g/L,极距3 cm,电流密度1000 A/m2,不搅拌.在最佳条件下电解得到的金属锌粉,全锌含量为97.38%,金属锌含量为96.79%,基本达到《锌粉的质量技术要求（ GB/T6890-2000）》的一级标准.     

水利水电工程水质简分析常见离子测定中的干扰与排除

水质简分析时常要测定占水中离子总量95%～99%的Ca2＋、Mg2＋、K＋、Na＋、Cl-、SO42-、CO32-、HCO3-、OH-的离子,水中这些主要离子的分类,常用来作为表征水体主要化学特征性指标,但是各离子在测定的过程中受各种因素的干扰而导致测定结果不准确,所以对离子测定的干扰应予以排除。     

SO^2-4，HCO^-3和Cl^-对UV／TiO2降解矿井水中CODcr的影响

探讨SO2-4,HCO-3和Cl-对TiO2光催化降解矿井水的化学耗氧量(用Cr法测)(CODCr)性能的影响. 用阴离子树脂充分过滤掉矿井水中阴离子, 将Na2SO4,NaHCO3和NaCl分别配成在矿井水中单一存在的溶液和复合存在的溶液, 使用自制的TiO2在紫外灯照射下光催化降解矿井水中CODCr. 当3种离子单独存在时, 它们均使光催化CODCr的降解率下降, 影响大小依次是HCO-3>SO2-4>Cl-;当3种离子两两复合时, 在HCO-3分别与SO2-4和Cl-的复合实验中, 当HCO-3浓度较低时, HCO-3和SO2-4或Cl-共同影响使CODCr降解率下降, HCO-3起主要作用;当HCO-3浓度较高时, HCO-3起主要作用. 在SO2-4和Cl-的复合实验中, Cl-浓度为4.45 mmol/L, 可轻微促进CODCr降解率的提高, 当Cl-浓度高于此浓度时, Cl-和SO2-4有协同作用并使CODCr降解率下降, 且降解率均低于Cl-和SO2-4单独存在时的降解率.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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