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Microtubules are fibrous elements in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, where they perform a wide variety of functions. Microtubules
are major organizers of the cell interior and are vitally involved in motility events such as chromosome migration during
cell division. To fulfill their physiological function, microtubule arrays have to undergo dramatic changes in their spatial
arrangement, and this depends to a large extent on the complex and special dynamic properties of the individual polymers.
In this review we first describe the intrinsic dynamic properties of microtubules assembled in vitro from purified tubulin
and examine the relationships between these properties and microtubule functions. Subsequent sections concern microtubule
dynamics in vivo, their similarity and differences with microtubule dynamics in vitro, and the nature of the cellular regulators
which act on microtubule assemblies in physiological conditions.
Received 2 May 2001; received after revision 10 July 2001; accepted 10 July 2001 相似文献
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L. I. Goldgefter N. Y. Gakhov A. F. Ganin A. N. Mosolov 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1973,29(11):1428-1429
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D. Calligaris P. Verdier-Pinard F. Devred C. Villard D. Braguer Daniel Lafitte 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2010,67(7):1089-1104
This review explores various aspects of the interaction between microtubule targeting agents and tubulin, including binding site, affinity, and drug resistance. Starting with the basics of tubulin polymerization and microtubule targeting agent binding, we then highlight how the three-dimensional structures of drug–tubulin complexes obtained on stabilized tubulin are seeded by precise biological and biophysical data. New avenues opened by thermodynamics analysis, high throughput screening, and proteomics for the molecular pharmacology of these drugs are presented. The amount of data generated by biophysical, proteomic and cellular techniques shed more light onto the microtubule–tubulin equilibrium and tubulin–drug interaction. Combining these approaches provides new insight into the mechanism of action of known microtubule interacting agents and rapid in-depth characterization of next generation molecules targeting the interaction between microtubules and associated modulators of their dynamics. This will facilitate the design of improved and/or alternative chemotherapies targeting the microtubule cytoskeleton. 相似文献
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Microtubules are primarily responsible for facilitating long-distance transport of both proteins and organelles. Given the critical role of this process in cellular function, it is not surprising that perturbation of microtubule-based transport can lead to diverse phenotypes in humans, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer or Huntington disease. Recent investigations have also indicated that defects in specialized microtubule-based transport systems, such as mutations affecting the transport of protein particles along the length of cilia (intraflagellar transport) can cause retinal dystrophy, polycystic kidney disease or more complex syndromic phenotypes, such as Bardet-Biedl syndrome. In this review, we discuss recent findings implicating defects in microtubule-associated transport and motor proteins in a variety of diseases, particularly the role of defective microtubular transport in neurological and ciliary disease. These defects frequently display phenotypic consequences that manifest as human disease yet do not cause organismal lethality.Received 7 Janury 2005; received after revision 23 February 2005; accepted 21 March 2005 相似文献
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N O Bianchi 《Experientia》1973,29(10):1301-1302
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N. O. Bianchi 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1973,29(10):1301-1302
Resumen En las preparaciones cromosómicas sometidas a digestion contripsina se observa que la mayor parte de los nucleos celulares muestran una serie de rayos oscuros que parten de la membrana celular y convergen formando un anillo. Esta imagen se hace presente en aquellos preparados que muestran bandas cromosómicas G y no se observa en aquellos casos con déficit o exceso de digestión enzimática. Estos hallazgos probablemente indican que las bandas G se hallan conectadas, ordenadamente, a la membrana nuclear durante la interfase.
This work was supported by grants from CONICET and CIC. 相似文献
This work was supported by grants from CONICET and CIC. 相似文献
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Microtubule associated protein tau binds to double-stranded but not single-stranded DNA 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Hua Q He RQ Haque N Qu MH del Carmen Alonso A Grundke-Iqbal I Iqbal K 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2003,60(2):413-421
Tau, a major microtubule-associated protein of the neuron, which is known to promote the assembly of and to stabilize microtubules,
has also been seen associated with chromatin in neuronal cell lines, but its role in this subcellular compartment is still
unknown. In this study, the binding of tau to DNA was investigated using the electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Using polynucleotide
as probe, we found that tau bound to double-stranded but not to single-stranded DNA. Formation of tau-polynucleotide complex
was disrupted by alkaline pH and a high concentration of NaCl, but was not affected by dithiothreitol. Electron microscopy
revealed that the protein associated with the nucleic acid in a necklacelike manner. DNA-cellulose chromatography and radioimmunodot-blot
analyses showed that calf thymus histones VI-S, VII-S and VIII-S could replace both recombinant human brain tau352 (tau-23) and tau441 (tau-40) from DNA. Thus, tau appears to bind to DNA reversibly in the presence of histones.
Received 24 November 2002; received after revision 28 December 2002; accepted 30 December 2002
RID="*"
ID="*"Corresponding author. 相似文献
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Summary The shape change ofDrosophila melanogaster blood cells (lamellocytes) from discoidal to bipolar that is caused by a factor from the female parasitoidLeptopilina heterotoma is blocked by the tubulin inhibitors vinblastine and vincristine in vitro. The actin inhibitor, cytochalasin B, causes arborization ofDrosophila lamellocytes and acts synergistically with the wasp factor to alter lamellocyte morphology. Lamellocyte arborization induced by cytochalasin B is blocked by simultaneous treatment with vinblastine. These observations indicate that the changes in lamellocyte shape induced by both the wasp factor and cytochalasin B require microtubule assembly. 相似文献
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Microtubule inhibitors block the morphological changes induced in Drosophila blood cells by a parasitoid wasp factor 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The shape change of Drosophila melanogaster blood cells (lamellocytes) from discoidal to bipolar that is caused by a factor from the female parasitoid Leptopilina heterotoma is blocked by the tubulin inhibitors vinblastine and vincristine in vitro. The actin inhibitor, cytochalasin B, causes arborization of Drosophila lamellocytes and acts synergistically with the wasp factor to alter lamellocyte morphology. Lamellocyte aborization induced by cytochalasin B is blocked by simultaneous treatment with vinblastine. These observations indicate that the changes in lamellocyte shape induced by both the wasp factor and cytochalasin B require microtubule assembly. 相似文献
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Julia Szekeres G. Fabian A. S. Pacsa B. Pejtsik 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1981,37(5):515-516
Summary Lymphocyte responsiveness was found to be decreased in pregnant and increased in habitually aborting women. This is attributed to a dialyzable serum factor(s), that can be removed from the surface of lymphocytes by repeated washing. 相似文献
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Summary
Allium sativum (garlic) root-tip chromosomes were subjected to a C-banding procedure. In addition to the nucleolar bands reported previously in this species, bands which are telomeric or close to the telomeres have been detected in some pairs. This has allowed us to analyze the arrangement of chromosomes during interphase. 相似文献
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S Gobel 《Experientia》1968,24(12):1250-1251