pQE30-bgln原核表达质粒的构建和鉴定

构建重组原核表达质粒pQE30-bgln使之可以在大肠杆菌中表达以获得β-葡糖苷酶,用于提高从植物中提取白藜芦醇的得率.以克隆质粒pUCP67为模板,用降落PCR的方法扩增β-葡糖苷酶基因片段(bgln).利用原核表达载体pQE30构建pQE30-bgln重组质粒,用酶切电泳验证重组结果的正确性,测序检测质粒重组后序列情况.PCR结果显示扩增片段2.2 kb,与预期相同.重组质粒酶切后显示其大小约5.6kb,大小及酶切图谱与预期相同.经测序发现插入片段读码框正确.可用于原核表达的pQE30-bgln质粒构建成功.     

小鼠Bpi条件基因打靶载体的构建和鉴定

目的构建小鼠Bpi条件基因打靶载体,为建立Bpi条件基因打靶小鼠模型和深入研究Bpi基因功能奠定基础。方法采用Cre/LoxP系统,选择小鼠Bpi基因第2、3外显子作为条件性敲除的目的片段,并在其两侧插入LoxP位点;运用LA-PCR技术,以129品系小鼠ES细胞基因组DNA为模板分步扩增包括Bpi第2、3外显子(中间同源臂)和上游同源臂在内的3.1 kb基因片段以及下游同源臂4.9 kb基因片段;构建pBSKⅡ-5SLoxP和ploxPFRTNeo-3L重组质粒,将前者酶切产物(3.1 kb)与酶切后的ploxPFRTNeo-3L质粒相连获得Bpi条件基因打靶载体。结果经多个限制性内切酶酶切鉴定和测序证实,构建的pBSKⅡ-5SLoxP、ploxPFRTNeo-3L重组质粒和Bpi条件基因打靶载体结构正确,与设计相符。结论成功构建了小鼠Bpi条件基因打靶载体。     

日本血吸虫卵壳蛋白编码基因的扩增及克隆

目的:扩增和克隆日本血吸虫卵壳蛋白编码基因(SjESG),以研究其作为候选疫苗分子和药物靶点的可能性.方法:合成引物,以日本血吸虫雌、雄虫cDNA第一链为模板,RT-PCR扩增日本血吸虫卵壳蛋白编码基因,与带有硫氧还蛋白(Trx)基因的高效原核表达质粒pET32a(+)定向重组,构建原核表达重组质粒,并经限制性核酸内切酶酶切分析和PCR鉴定.结果:从雌虫cDNA中扩增出624bp SjESG基因,原核表达重组质粒pET32a(+)-SiESG经限制性核酸内切酶酶切和PCR均获得624bp的DNA片段.结论:成功构建原核表达重组质#ipET32a(+)-SjESG.     

EDSV六邻体蛋白基因克隆与原核表达载体构建

应用降落PCR技术扩增出减蛋综合征病毒六邻体蛋白基因并将其克隆至pMDT-18载体上,经酶切、PCR鉴定及测序结果表明插入的片段为目的基因,全长2．733kb,共编码910个氨基酸。切下该目的基因定向克隆至pET-28a质粒构建了六邻体蛋白基因原核表达载体pET28a-hexon,经各种酶切、PCR鉴定及进一步测序后证明六邻体蛋白基因片段所插入的位置、大小、核苷酸序列和阅读框架正确无误,从而为下一步的表达及进一步阐明EDSV六邻体蛋白基因结构与功能的关系和减蛋综合征基因工程苗的研究奠定了良好基础。     

pVT102U/α-bgln重组真核表达质粒的构建和鉴定

构建重组真核表达质粒pVT102U/α-bgln使之可以在酿酒酵母中表达以获得β-葡糖苷酶,用于提高从植物中提取白藜芦醇的得率.以含有从黑曲霉中获得的编码β-葡萄糖苷酶(bgln)成熟肽的cDNA的克隆质粒pMD19T-bgln为模板,用PCR的方法扩增β-葡糖苷酶基因片段(bgln),利用真核表达载体pVT102U/α构建pVT102U/α-bgln重组质粒,PCR结果显示扩增片段约2.6 kb,与预期相同.用酶切电泳验证重组结果的正确性,重组质粒酶切后显示其大小约10 kb,大小及酶切图谱与预期相同.测序检测质粒重组后序列情况,经测序发现插入片段两端序列无改变,且读码框正确.pVT102U/α-bgln质粒构建成功.     

二甲亚砜在聚合酶链反应扩增载脂蛋白E基因中的作用

目的：探讨二甲亚砜（DMSO）在聚合酶链反应（PCR）中扩增人类载脂蛋白E基因中的作用。方法：在不同质量分数DMSO的存在下,以PCR技术增人类载脂蛋白E基因片段。限制性内切酶酶切检测扩增产物。结果：在质量在分数5%-10%的DMSO下,可以成功地扩增到人类载脂蛋白E基因的第4外显子片段。结论：在DMSO作用下,PCR扩增增强了特异性。扩增的人类载脂蛋白E基因片段可以进行基因限制性片段多态性的分析。     

大肠杆菌菌毛抗原K99基因的亚克隆及核苷酸序列测定

利用PCR技术 ,从含有大肠杆菌菌毛抗原K99基因的质粒pX5K中扩增出 0 .4kb的K99菌毛抗原基因 ,然后将其亚克隆到pGEM T easy载体上 ,并转化至受体菌JM10 9中 ,采用碱性裂解法提取质粒DNA后 ,经NcoI和EcoRⅠ双酶切分析和核苷酸序列分析 ,证明插入的K99基因片段具有正确的核苷酸序列     

苜蓿花叶病毒复制酶基因的克隆、序列分析及其植物表达载体的构建

以侵染苜蓿的苜蓿花叶病毒中国分离株(Alfalfa mosaic virus Chinese isolate，A1MV—Ch)RNA2为模板，利用人工合成的特异性引物，进行反转录及PCR扩增，分两段分别扩增了复制酶基因的5′端1．32kb和3′端及其非编码区的1．23kb cDNA序列．用限制性内切酶切割PCR产物后，与pUCl9重组，转化大肠杆菌DH5α，筛选重组质粒，用限制性内切酶分析及PCR鉴定，得到分别含有5′端序列和3′端序列的重组质粒。已由上述两种重组质粒构建了含有完整复制酶基因的重组质粒．进行了全序列测定，并与国外报道的A1MV-425株系的相应序列相比较，其复制酶基因编码区核苷酸序列同源性达97．8％，推测的氨基酸序列的同源性达97．6％，3′端非编码区核苷酸序列同源性为98．2％．并将全长复制酶基因与植物表达载体pROKⅡ重组，得植物转化载体pAlMV—FL．     

Sry基因的克隆及其在HeLa细胞中的表达

目的:构建真核表达重组质粒pCR3.1-Sry.并检验其在真核细胞内的表达.方法:用PCR法从小鼠基因组中扩增出Sty全长基因,重组入pMD18-T载体,酶切鉴定重组质粒,对酶切正确的重组质粒测序.双酶切测序验证的重组质粒.将切下的片段与真核表达质粒pCR3.1相连构建pCR3.1-Sty重组质粒.将其转染HeLa细胞后,RT-PCR法检测重组质粒在细胞中mRNA的转录;免疫荧光法检测重组质粒在细胞中蛋白质的表达.结果:PCR法扩增得到了1.2 kb的特异性Sry基因片段;成功地构建了真核表达重组质粒pCR3.1-Sry;重组质粒pCR3.1-Sry在HeLa细胞中mRNA及蛋白水平均可检测到表达.结论:重组质粒构建成功并可以在体外真核细胞中表达,为进一步研究其作为核酸疫茁的免疫作用提供了可控的实验材料.     

非整倍体胚胎发育中MSL复合体组分的RNA表达分析

MSL (male specific lethal) 复合体作为调节果蝇剂量补偿的关键元件，在非整倍体基因表达调控过程中发挥了重要作用．为深入探究非整倍体胚胎发育过程的分子调控机制，运用TSA-FISH (tyramide signal amplification- fluorescence in situ hybridization) 技术比较分析正常二倍体胚胎与常染色体三体胚胎中的MSL复合体组分基因表达模式，探究复合体重要组分在果蝇非整倍体胚胎不同时期的表达水平，以及亚细胞定位的变化．研究结果表明，在MSL复合体尚未组装的非整倍体胚胎发育早期，即母体表达阶段，多数复合体组分基因就已存在转录本水平上的差异，而这种表达差异主要源自于母体的非单倍体配子．随着发育的进行，染色体片段的增加导致基因组内剂量平衡发生变化，由此产生的反式剂量效应将引发MSL复合体各组分表达水平的差异变化，而这种差异将持续作用于后续非整倍体胚胎发育的各个时期．      

基因调控网络研究进展

基因调控网络是一种连续而复杂多变的动态网络系统,是细胞内各种信号因子之间相互作用关系的整体表现.近些年来,很多物种全基因组测序的完成、高通量实验技术的发展以及高性能分子生物学工具的应用,使得构建一个复杂和相对完整的基因调控网络成为可能,从而使绘制整个活细胞内各种基因表达的调控网络成为当前研究的热点.作为系统生物学的核心领域,构建和分析基因调控网络将有利于我们更系统地剖析细胞的功能,更深刻地洞见生命的本质.综述关于基因调控网络研究的基本原理和方法,为今后进行更深入的研究和探讨打下良好的基础.     

Structural polymorphism of I-E subregion antigens determined by a gene in the H-2K to I-B genetic interval

THE generation of immune responses in mice is influenced by Ir genes located in the I region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)(1). In some instances maximum responses require complementation by two genes, one in the I-A or I-B and the other in the I-E or I-C subregion(2,3). The effects of these genes are thought to be mediated by Ia alloantigens, which are cell surface molecules whose expression is controlled by the I region(4). This is based on the observations that anti-Ia sera inhibit in vitro immune responses(5,6), and soluble factors that enhance in vitro immune responses express Ia alloantigenic determinants(7,9). Jones et al.(10), using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, observed that the expression of I-E subregion antigens is controlled by two genes, one in the I-A subregion, the other in the I-E subregion, and that the polymorphism of these antigens is influenced by an I-A subregion gene. As an explanation, the authors proposed that only one of the two polypeptide chains present in I-E immunoprecipitates is an I-E subregion product, the second being a product of the I-A subregion. Antisera obtained by cross-immunisation of I-E subregion-disparate strains of mice immunoprecipitates a molecular complex consisting of two chains, designated alpha and beta, with molecular weights of 32,000 and 29,000 respectively(11-14). Previous studies suggested that I-E antigens isolated from B10.A(5R) and B10.D2 mice had identical alpha-chains but different (beta)-chains(15). However, as these mice differed at multiple genetic regions, it was not possible to show which I subregion(s) determined the polymorphism of the E(beta) chain. Therefore, we investigated the effects of the I-A subregion on the polymorphism of I-E subregion antigens. We have now shown by peptide mapping that the I-E subregion polymorphism which Jones et al. found to be controlled by the I-A subregion probably reflects structural polymorphism of beta-chains controlled by an I-A subregion gene.     

Identification of common microRNA-mRNA regulatory biomodules in human epithelial cancer

The complex regulatory network between microRNAs and gene expression remains an unclear domain of active research. We proposed to address in part this complex regulation with a novel approach for the genome-wide identification of biomodules derived from paired microRNA and mRNA profiles, which could reveal correlations associated with a complex network of dys-regulation in human cancer. Two published expression datasets for 68 samples with 11 distinct types of epithelial cancers and 21 samples of normal tissues were used, containing microRNA expression and gene expression profiles, respectively. As results, the microRNA expression used jointly with mRNA expression can provide better classifiers of epithelial cancers against normal epithelial tissue than either dataset alone (P=1×10^–10, F test). We identified a combination of 6 microRNA-mRNA biomodules that optimally classified epithelial cancers from normal epithelial tissue (total accuracy = 93.3%; 95% confidence intervals: 86%–97%), using penalized logistic regression (PLR) algorithm and three-fold cross-validation. Three of these biomodules are individually sufficient to cluster epithelial cancers from normal tissue using mutual information distance. The biomodules contain 10 distinct microRNAs and 98 distinct genes, including well known tumor markers such as miR-15a, miR-30e, IRAK1, TGFBR2, DUSP16, CDC25B and PDCD2. In addition, there is a significant enrichment (Fisher’s exact test P=3×10^–10) between putative microRNA-target gene pairs reported in 5 microRNA target databases and the inversely correlated microRNA-mRNA pairs in the biomodules. Further, microRNAs and genes in the biomodules were found in abstracts mentioning epithelial cancers (Fisher’s Exact test, unadjusted P<0.05). Taken together, these results strongly suggest that the discovered microRNA-mRNA biomodules correspond to regulatory mechanisms common to human epithelial cancer samples. In conclusion, we developed and evaluated a novel comprehensive method to systematically identify, on a genome scale, microRNA-mRNA expression biomodules common to distinct cancers of the same tissue. These biomodules also comprise novel microRNA and genes as well as an imputed regulatory network, which may accelerate the work of cancer biologists as large regulatory maps of cancers can be drawn efficiently for hypothesis generation.     

Maintenance of functional equivalence during paralogous Hox gene evolution

Biological diversity is driven mainly by gene duplication followed by mutation and selection. This divergence in either regulatory or protein-coding sequences can result in quite different biological functions for even closely related genes. This concept is exemplified by the mammalian Hox gene complex, a group of 39 genes which are located on 4 linkage groups, dispersed on 4 chromosomes. The evolution of this complex began with amplification in cis of a primordial Hox gene to produce 13 members, followed by duplications in trans of much of the entire unit. As a consequence, Hox genes that occupy the same relative position along the 5' to 3' chromosomal coordinate (trans-paralogous genes) share more similarity in sequence and expression pattern than do adjacent Hox genes on the same chromosome. Studies in mice indicate that although individual family members may have unique biological roles, they also share overlapping functions with their paralogues. Here we show that the proteins encoded by the paralogous genes, Hoxa3 and Hoxd3, can carry out identical biological functions, and that the different roles attributed to these genes are the result of quantitative modulations in gene expression.     

Expression of the E. coli uvrA gene is inducible

UvrA+-dependent excision repair is one of the most important systems in Escherichia coli for repairing UV-induced pyrimidine dimers and a variety of other forms of DNA damage. The uvrA protein acts in conjunction with the uvrB and uvrC gene products to introduce a nick at the of a DNA lesion and thus initiate the repair process. We have recently used the Mud(Ap, lac) operon fusion vector to identify a set of genes whose expression is induced by DNA damage. One Mud(Ap, lac) insertion mapped at the uvrA locus and made the cells sensitive to UV light. In this fusion strain, beta-galactosidase expression was induced by DNA-damaging agents in a recA+lexA+-dependent fashion. We were surprised by this result because uvrA+-dependent excision repair is observed both in cells in which protein synthesis has been inhibited and in recA- and lexA- cells, findings which have led to the conclusion that the uvrA gene product is constitutively expressed and not under the control of the complex recA+lexA+ regulatory circuitry (see below). We have investigated this possibility further and describe here the generation and characterization of a set of fusions of the lac genes to the promoter of the uvrA gene. We confirm that the uvrA gene product is induced by DNA damage in a recA+lexA+-dependent fashion.