X1215易切削钢连铸坯成分偏析的研究

采用化学分析和低倍酸浸实验方法研究了低碳高硫易切削钢连铸坯的C、Si、Mn、P、S的成分偏析特征并分析其形成原因.结果表明,连铸坯的C、Si、Mn、P、S的偏析度均在0.9～1.1之间,S、P元素存在中心负偏析,低倍酸浸实验检测发现连铸坯存在中心疏松.分析认为,中心疏松是导致中心元素负偏析的主要原因.     

基于MiLE法模拟结晶器中大方坯温度场、应力场及流场

应用混合Langrangian和Eulerian法(MiLE)实现了结晶器中GCr15钢大方坯温度场、应力场及流场的动态模拟,模拟结果与实际生产铸坯吻合.铸坯坯壳角部的温度高于中部,铸坯表面从上到下的温度总体呈下降趋势,且等温区间与流场变化具有一定的相似性.铸坯坯壳中部厚度约为17.5 mm,角部厚度约为13.2 mm.凝固坯壳内的应力主要是热应力.坯壳出结晶器时,坯壳外表面处于压缩状态,凝固前沿为完全拉伸状态.有效应变从铸坯外表面到凝固前沿逐渐增大.钢液在前进过程中不断扩张,流速不断降低,当流股到达一定深度后,形成左右对称向上的两个回流,和一对由凝固面一侧向下而由中心向上流动的回流区.     

不锈钢板坯连铸结晶器内钢/渣界面行为模拟及卷渣分析

基于湍流模型与多相流模型的耦合,应用液面追踪技术(VOF),实现了对不锈钢板坯连铸结晶器内流体流动及钢/渣界面行为的模拟计算,并用水模拟结果进行了对比验证,在此基础上计算出实际的钢/渣界面特征及界面上钢/渣行为.通过分析水口的侧孔形状、出口倾角、水口浸入深度、结晶器宽度以及拉速对钢/渣界面特征及界面上钢/渣行为影响规律,指出了钢/渣界面行为与卷渣是密切相关的,进而探讨了钢/渣界面及卷渣形成的机理.     

碳钢连铸凝固过程的微观模拟

通过一种简单的数学模型研究了连铸坯凝固过程中枝晶生长的重要微观结构参数.结合中碳钢连铸性能计算出凝固过程中枝晶生长的尖端半径、枝晶生长速率、二次枝晶臂间距等枝晶相关参数,并研究了拉速对上述微观结构参数的影响.分析了碳、硅、锰、磷和硫等重要元素的微观偏析程度随凝固进程与坯壳生长的变化规律.与前人经验模型的对比与验证表明本文模型预测结果合理.     

49MnVS3非调质钢连铸方坯中心裂纹分析

采用金相、扫描电镜及能谱分析了连铸方坯中心位置的宏观和微观特征．发现偏析是导致中心裂纹产生的主要原因,裂纹发生在柱状晶末端和粗大等轴晶区,沿一次枝晶晶界展开;开裂方式为沿晶开裂,开裂时期处于液相．存在两种晶界偏析,一种为析出的MnS夹杂物,另一种为聚集的浓化钢液．中心位置析出物未达到非调质钢质量要求．     

Simulation factors of steel continuous casting

The factors involved in simulating the continuous casting process of steel and the effects of the factors on the thermal behavior were investigated. The numerical methods and the influence of some assumptions were also analyzed, such as nodes used to discretize the steel in array size and computing time to obtain good approaches. The results show that some of these factors are related with the design of the continuous casting plant (CCP), such as geometrical configuration, and the operating conditions, such as water flow rate, heat removal coefficient in the mold, casting times, and casting speed in the strand, which affect the heat removal conditions over the temperature and solidification profiles.     

宽板坯连铸结晶器内液面波动的数值模拟

以安钢宽板坯连铸为研究对象,采用大型商业软件ANSYSCFX10.0,应用VOF法重点研究浸入式水口倾角、拉速、铸坯断面宽度等工艺参数对结晶器内自由表面液面波动的影响.结果表明:随着结晶器宽度从1800mm增大到3250mm,结晶器内液面平均波高明显降低.当宽度为1800mm时,结晶器保护渣-钢液界面平均波高为5.33mm;当宽度增至3250mm时,平均波高为7.08mm.     

连铸钢水快速精炼工艺实践

通过在吹Ar合金微调站加入Al脱氧和SiCa对夹杂物变性,选择合适的造渣剂CaO-SiO2-CaC2以及软吹Ar工艺,可以在不影响连铸机匹配的条件下(18min内)使钢水中活度氧降低到20×10-6以下,渣中的FeO MnO<3%,而连铸浇注时不会发生水口堵塞现象.满足了马鞍山钢铁公司第三钢轧总厂从美国新引进的使用油润滑浇铸的小异形坯连铸机对钢水质量和生产匹配的要求.     

连铸结晶器内钢液涡流现象的大涡模拟

为了研究结晶器内钢液涡流现象的形成机理,采用大涡模拟方法对此涡流现象进行模拟。采用相关文献报道的实验结果,对模型进行验证,对水口偏离中心位置和窄面放置挡板两种情况进行非稳态模拟和分析,分析了"湍动涡"和"偏心涡"的形成机理。数值模拟结果表明:"湍动涡"是由于流体本身的脉动所形成的,与水口是否对中没有直接的关系,但钢液在宽面方向的流动影响"湍动涡"的强度;"偏心涡"是由于水口不对中形成的,可以通过调整水口位置来消除。     

易切削钢9SMn28凝固过程的CAFE法模拟

为了耦合缩孔和疏松模拟凝固过程三维微观组织,对元胞自动机--有限元(CAFE)法的物理本质和数值计算方法进行了分析,采用CAFE法对易切削钢9SMn28铸件进行了凝固过程、缩孔和疏松及三维微观组织的模拟.模拟结果表明:在空冷条件下,铸件表层的凝固是在连续降温过程中进行的,内部是先等温凝固,后降温凝固;缩孔和疏松模拟结果与实际铸件的基本相符;实现了9SMn28合金三维微观组织的模拟,模拟结果与实验吻合较好.     

Simulation of heat transfer in steel billets during continuous casting

This work is focused on the development of computational algorithms to create a simulator for solving the heat transfer during the continuous casting process of steel. The temperatures and the solid shell thickness profiles were calculated and displayed on the screen for a billet through a defined continuous casting plant (CCP). The algorithms developed to calculate billet temperatures, involve the solutions of the corresponding equations for the heat removal conditions such as radiation, forced convection, and conduction according to the billet position through the CCP. This is done by a simultaneous comparison with the kinematics model previously developed. A finite difference method known as Crank-Nicholson is applied to solve the two-dimensional computational array (2D model). Enthalpy (H_I,J) and temperature (T_I,J) in every node are updated at each step time. The routines to display the results have been developed using a graphical user interface (GUI) in the programming language C++. Finally, the results obtained are compared with those of industrial trials for the surface temperature of three steel casters with different plant configurations in different casting conditions.     

Characteristics of shell thickness in a slab continuous casting mold

The key to reduce shell breakout in the continuous casting process is to control shell thickness in the mold. A numerical simulation on the turbulent flow and heat transfer coupled with solidification in the slab mold using the volume of fluid (VOF) model and the enthalpy-porosity scheme was conducted and the emphasis was put upon the flow effect on the shell thickness profiles in longitudinal and transverse directions. The results show that the jet acts a stronger impingement on the shell of narrow face, which causes a zero-increase of shell thickness in a certain range near the impingement point. The thinnest shell on the slab cross-section locates primarily in the center of the narrow face, and secondly near the comer of the wide face. Nozzle optimization can obviously increase the shell thickness and make it more uniform.     

结晶器内钢液流动特性的优化

以大板坯连铸结晶器为研究对象,采用水模型和数值模拟的方法研究了不同水口出口角度对结晶器内钢液流动的影响.结果表明:现行15°水口在距结晶器边部50 mm的位置,表面流速和波高较小,传递给弯月面的热量较少,不利于保护渣的熔化;射流撞击到结晶器窄边的位置较深,压力较大,对撞击点下部坯壳的冲击力也较大;水口出口角度改为10°后,结晶器漏钢预报系统的报警次数大大减少,杜绝了漏钢的事故.     

Water modeling of mold powder entrapment in slab continuous casting mold

The optimal parameters were determined by the water modeling of slab casting. It was found that there are mainly three types of mold powder entrapment in slab continuous casting, i.e., the entrapment caused by the shearing flow near the narrow face of mold, the entrapment caused by vortexes around the submerged entry nozzle (SEN), and the entrapment caused by the Ar bubbling. Both the velocity of the surface flow and the level fluctuation of the liquids are enlarged with increasing the casting speed, reducing the submersion depth of SEN, decreasing the downward angles of the nozzle outlets, and increasing the Ar flowrate, all of which increase the tendency of mold powder entrapment. Among the four above-mentioned factors, casting speed has the largest effect.     

电磁软接触结晶器内钢液面高度对磁场分布的影响

利用有限元软件ANSYS对软接触电磁连铸结晶器内磁场进行三维数值模拟,分析了结晶器内钢液面高度对磁场及电磁力分布的影响.结果表明:钢液使得磁感应强度集中在钢液的侧表面;当钢液面低于线圈上沿时,钢液中磁感应强度的最大值出现在钢液上表面附近,并沿拉坯方向逐渐递减;当钢液面高于线圈上沿时,随着钢液面的升高磁感应强度的最大值向线圈中部移动;钢液侧表面所受电磁力的分布趋势与磁感应强度的分布趋势基本一致.     

Numerical simulation on inclusion transport in continuous casting mold

Turbulent flow, the transport of inclusions and bubbles, and inclusion removal by fluid flow transport and by bubble flotation in the strand of the continuous slab caster are investigated using computational models, and validated through comparison with plant measurements of inclusions. Steady 3-D flow of steel in the liquid pool in the mold and upper strand is simulated with a finite-difference computational model using the standard k-ε turbulence model. Trajectories of inclusions and bubbles are calculated by integrating each local velocity, considering its drag and buoyancy forces. A “random walk” model is used to incorporate the effect of turbulent fluctuations on the particle motion. The attachment probability of inclusions on a bubble surface is investigated based on fundamental fluid flow simulations, incorporating the turbulent inclusion trajectory and sliding time of each individual inclusion along the bubble surface as a function of particle and bubble size. The change in inclusion distribution due to removal by bubble transport in the mold is calculated based on the computed attachment probability of inclusions on each bubble and the computed path length of the bubbles. The results indicate that 6%-10% inclusions are removed by fluid flow transport, 10% by bubble flotation, and 4% by entrapment to the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) walls. Smaller bubbles and larger inclusions have larger attachment probabilities. Smaller bubbles are more efficient for inclusion removal by bubble flotation, so long as they are not entrapped in the solidifying shell. A larger gas flow rate favors inclusion removal by bubble flotation. The optimum bubble size should be 2-4 mm.     

连铸保护渣渣膜润滑的研究现状

连铸中,特别是高速连铸条件下,渗入结晶器与凝固坯壳之间的保护渣渣膜的润滑状态对连铸过程有着重要的影响,本文介绍了国内外对渣膜润滑的主要研究成果.     

连铸保护渣渣膜润滑的研究现状

连铸中，特别是高速连铸条件下，渗入结晶器与凝固坯壳之间的保护渣渣膜的润滑状态对连铸过程有着重要的影响，本文介绍了国内外对渣膜润滑的主要研究成果。     

含碳材料对连铸保护渣熔化速度影响的研究

以石墨、炭黑、碳化硅等三种含碳材料和碱度分别为0.8、1.0和1.2的基渣为原料,研究了炭黑、石墨和SiC加入形式(单独或复合,包括复合时的比例)和加入量以及基渣的碱度等因素对保护渣熔化速度的影响,并对试验数据进行了多元线性回归分析.试验和分析的结果表明:(1) 石墨和炭黑复合加入比单独加入时对保护渣的熔化速度的影响更明显,尤其当m(炭黑):m(石墨)=1:3时,作用最明显;(2) 单独加入碳化硅对保护渣熔化速度的影响不大,但是碳化硅与炭黑以m(SiC):m(炭黑)=1:3的比例复合加入时,保护渣的熔化速度比单独加入炭黑时的小;(3) 通过对实验数据的多元线性回归发现,熔速调节剂的加入量对熔化速度的影响最显著,炭黑在复合调速剂中的质量分数次之,随后依次为石墨在复合调速剂中的质量分数、碳化硅在复合调速剂中的质量分数和渣的碱度.