Characterization of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles prepared by transfor- mation of α-FeOOH

γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a chemically induced transformation of α-FeOOH.In this method,the precursor(α-FeOOH)was prepared by chemical precipitation,and then treated with a mixed FeCl2/NaOH solution to produce the nanoparticles.X-ray diffraction indicated that when the precursor was treated with FeCl2(0.22 mol/L)and NaOH(0.19 mol/L),pure γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were obtained.However,when the concentration of FeCl2 was<0.22 mol/L or the concentration of NaOH was<0.19 mol/L,α-FeOOH and γ-Fe2O3 phases co-existed in the nanoparticles.Transmission electron microscopy observations showed that in the samples with co-existing phases,the nanoparticles did not have identical morphologies.The pure γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were polygonal rather than spherical.The volume ratio of α-FeOOH and γ-Fe2O3 was estimated for the two-phase samples from magnetization data obtained from a vibrating sample magnetometer.This chemically induced transformation is novel,and could provide an effective route for the synthesis of other metal oxide nanocrystallites.     

Synthesis of γ-Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>/SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/Au magnetic composites for immobilization of bovine serum albumin

A method for the two-step synthesis of magnetic composites with a γ-Fe₂O₃ core, silica inner layer and numerous gold nanoparticles supported on the surface of the silica (γ-Fe₂O₃/SiO₂/Au) is described. First, thiol-functionalized γ-Fe₂O₃/SiO₂ composites and gold colloids are prepared by modifying γ-Fe₂O₃/SiO₂ composites with mercaptosilane and reduction of Au³⁺ to Au⁰ with citrate, respectively. Gold nanoparticles are then assembled on the surface of the thiol-functionalized γ-Fe₂O₃/SiO₂ composites to form γFe₂O₃/SiO₂/Au composites. The structure of the composite particles is confirmed by transmission electronic microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. Immobilization studies with bovine serum albumin (BSA) demonstrate that the γ-Fe₂O₃/SiO₂/Au composites can be used to immobilize BSA, making them useful for biomedical and biological applications.     

γ′-Fe4N薄膜的制备及其磁性

采用直流磁控溅射方法, 以Ar/N₂为放电气体（N₂/(Ar+N₂)=10％）, 在玻璃和NaCl(100)单晶片上分别沉积获得Fe-N薄膜样品. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、 原子力显微镜(AFM)和超导量子干涉仪(SQUID)对样品的结构、 形貌和磁性能进行分析, 研究基片和基片温度等条件对薄膜的影响. 结果表明, 以NaCl单晶为基片获得单相γ′-Fe₄N薄膜, 与玻璃基片相比可降低其生成的基片温度并可扩大形成温度的范围, 且比饱和磁化强度略有增大.      

Mineralogical alteration of thermally treated siderite in air: Mössbauer spectroscopy results

Mineralogical alternation of thermally treated siderite in air atmosphere has been systematically analyzed by Mössbauer effects. It was preliminarily estimated from the area of subspectra that 4%, 39% and 62% of magnetite were formed at 410 °C, 490 °C and 510 °C respectively. After being incrementally heated at 530 °C the spectra consist of two sextets of Fe₃O₄. Sextet of γ-Fe₂O₃ with hyperfine field of 50T was observed at 550 °C. Spectra at 580 °C consisted of two sextets with hyperfine fields caused by γ-Fe₂O₃ and α-Fe₂O₃. Fe₃O₄ disappeared and the amount of γ-Fe₂O₃ decreased, while the quantity of α-Fe₂O₃ increased to 34% and 77% at 640 °C and 690 °C, respectively. During the early stage of decomposition and oxidation, FeO was probably produced but quickly oxidized to magnetite and unidentified in our experiment. These results, in good agreement with the X-ray diffraction analyses and microscopic observation, provide an interpretation to anomalous magnetic property changes of siderite-bearing rock samples.     

CoFe2O4/SiO2纳米复合材料的制备及其磁性

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备（CoFe₂O₄）_x/（SiO₂）_1-x纳米复合材料. 利用X射线衍射（XRD）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）研究样品结构、 晶粒尺寸及磁性. 结果表明, 随SiO₂含量增加, 样品的晶粒尺寸减小, 比饱和磁化强度和矫顽力降低.      

Co3O4/Fe2O3核-壳粒子的制备及光学性能研究

在单分散准球形-αFe2O3纳米颗粒的悬浮液中,在氨碱催化下,CoCl2水解产生的Co(OH)2沉积在-αFe2O3纳米颗粒表面,形成核-壳粒子.经500℃热处理后,壳层物质晶化为立方晶系Co3O4,壳层厚度约为6 nm.不同的氨碱液对核-壳结构产生影响,在1 mol.L-1尿素溶液的催化下,得到均匀的核-壳结构.应用TEM和XRD分析了产物结构,并利用UV-Vis光谱对复合材料的光吸收特性进行了研究.与-αFe2O3纳米颗粒的吸收光谱比较,在光激发下,Co3O4/Fe2O3核-壳粒子光吸收特性发生改变,在可见光区产生新的强吸收峰.     

Synthesis and application of bilayer-surfactant-enveloped Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> nanoparticles: water-based bilayer-surfactant-enveloped ferrofluids

Superparamagnetic carbon-coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with high magnetization (85 emu·g-1) and high crystallinity were synthesized using polyethylene glycol-4000 (PEG (4000)) as a carbon source. Fe₃O₄ water-based bilayer-surfactant-enveloped ferrofluids were subsequently prepared using sodium oleate and PEG (4000) as dispersants. Analyses using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicate that the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with a bilayer surfactant coating retain the inverse spinel-type structure and are successfully coated with sodium oleate and PEG (4000). Transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and particle-size analysis results indicate that the coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles also retain the good saturation magnetization of Fe₃O₄ (79.6 emu·g-1) and that the particle size of the bilayer-surfactant-enveloped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles is 42.97 nm, which is substantially smaller than that of the unmodified Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (486.2 nm). UV–vis and zeta-potential analyses reveal that the ferrofluids does not agglomerate for 120 h at a concentration of 4 g·L-1, which indicates that the ferrofluids are highly stable.     

Synthesis of CuO nanometer powder by one step solid state reaction at room temperature

Copper oxide nanometer powder wau synthesized by one step solid state reaction of CuCl₂ · 2H₂O with NaOH at room temperature. The solid product CuO was characterized by X-ray diffraction and a transmission electron microscope. It has been found that the particles of prepared copper oxide are spherical with average diameter of 20 nm. This new method has the advantages of convenience and high yield compared with literature methods.     

铁纳米颗粒的脉冲激光气相蒸发-液相合成研究

采用激光气相蒸发-液相收集新方法合成纳米Fe颗粒,主要利用扫描电镜、透射电镜和振动样品磁强计等分析方法对纳米颗粒的形貌、大小、磁性及合成机理进行了分析.结果表明:以45#钢为靶材、20%乙二醇+80%乙醇为液相收集体系和N2为载气,在激光能量密度为42 J/mm2、脉宽3 ms、频率10 Hz和N2流量为0.5 L/min的条件下,成功制备出了Fe纳米颗粒;颗粒呈球形且呈链状连接趋势,主要粒径在20~30nm之间;纳米铁颗粒矫顽力为523 Oe,饱和磁化强度为45 emu/g;脉冲激光诱导45#钢靶材产生含Fe成分的等离子体,在气相中均匀成核,并发生一定程度的长大,然后在载气N2的带动下进入液...     

聚苯乙烯磁性微球的制备与表征

以表面被油酸包覆的纳米级Fe₃O₄为磁性载体, 苯乙烯和丙烯酸为单体, 二乙烯基苯为交联剂, 用分散聚合的方法合成了粒径分布更均匀而且具有良好超顺磁性的聚苯乙烯磁性微球, 并对这种磁性微球进行形貌、 结构和超顺磁性的表征. 结果表明, 该方法制备的磁性微球粒径分布均匀、 表面光滑, 室温下, 其比饱和磁化强度达到11.61 Am2/kg.     

Transition-metal-doped Fe2O3 nanoparticles for oxygen evolution reaction

Hematite(α-Fe_2O_3)has been extensively studied as a promising photocatalyst,with the capacity to split water under visible light.To tune its electronic structure and improve the performance for oxygen evolution reaction(OER),high-quality single crystals ofα-Fe_2O_3nanoparticles were synthesized and doped by various transition metals(M=V,Cr,Mn,Zn,Co,Ni,Cu,Nb,Mo,Ti)by a molten-salt flux method.Optical,electronic and catalytic properties of transition-metal-dopedα-Fe_2O_3(TM-dopedα-Fe_2O_3)have been systematically investigated.Cobalt has been identified as the best dopant forα-Fe_2O_3,reducing the OER overpotential by 0.16 V with respect to the undoped.     

Preparation of spherical ultrafine copper powder via hydrogen reduction-densification of Mg(OH)2-coated Cu2O powder

A novel process was developed to produce spherical copper powder for multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCC). Spherical ultrafine cuprous oxide (Cu₂O) powder was prepared by glucose reduction of Cu(OH)₂. The Cu₂O particles were coated by Mg(OH)₂ and reduced to metallic copper particles. At last, the copper particles were densified by high-temperature heat treatment. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), tap density, and thermogravimetry (TG). It is found that the shape and size distribution of the copper powder are determined by the Cu₂O powder and the copper particles do not agglomerate during high-temperature heat treatment because of the existence of Mg(OH)₂ coating. After densification at high temperature, the particle tap density increases from 3.30 to 4.18 g/cm³ and the initial oxidation temperature rises from 125 to 150°C.     

纳米Fe2O3-Al2O3复合材料的制备

采用溶胶-凝胶表面包覆法制备了纳米Fe₂O₃-Al₂ O₃复合材料, 利用X射线衍射和透射电镜对样品的物相、 粒度和形貌进行了研 究. 结果表明, α-Fe₂O₃掺杂降低了Al₂O₃相变温度, 在900 ℃可以得到稳定的α-Al₂O₃相.     

腐殖酸包覆Fe_3O_4纳米粒子类Fenton催化降解亚甲基蓝

采用共沉淀法制备腐殖酸包覆的磁性四氧化三铁纳米粒子(HA@Fe_3O_4)并将其用于类Fenton体系催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB).通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、动态光散射(DLS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对样品的形貌、结构及成分进行表征.比较HA包覆前后Fe_3O_4纳米粒子的催化效果,考察HA@Fe_3O_4催化剂用量、H_2O_2浓度等因素对降解效率的影响.结果表明HA的包覆可以显著提高MB的降解效率.     

Analysis of the factors affecting the magnetic characteristics of nano-Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> particles

We prepared Fe3O4 nanoparticles using chemical coprecipitation and studied the factors affecting the magnetic characteristics of nano-Fe3O4 particles.We identified four factors and three levels of an orthogonal experiment and investigated these four factors that affect the magnetic characteristics of the Fe3O4 particles.We obtained important information from this investigation.The Fe3+ to Fe2+ molar ratio,the iron precursor salt,the amount of surfactant and the amount of alkali were found to be important.We also studied the influence of the order of alkali and surfactant addition,the aging time and the stirring speed on the magnetic characteristics of the nano-Fe3O4 particles.The Fe3O4 preparation process was also analyzed.     

衬底偏压对γ′-Fe4N薄膜磁性的影响

采用直流磁控溅射方法, 以Ar/N₂（N₂/(Ar+N₂)=10％）为放电气体, 在Si(100)单晶衬底上获得了γ′-Fe₄N薄膜样品. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)研究衬底偏压对γ′-Fe₄N薄膜样品的影响. 结果表明, 随着衬底负偏压的增大, γ′-Fe₄N薄膜样品的晶胞参数减小, Fe和N的化合效率与样品的致密度提高, 表面缺陷减少, 矫顽力降低.      

Shape control technology during electrochemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles

Gold nanoparticles with different shapes and sizes were prepared by adding gold precursor (HAuCl₄) to an electrolyzed aqueous solution of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and KNO₃, which indicates the good reducing capacity of the PVP-containing solution after being treated by electrolysis. Using a catholyte and an anolyte as the reducing agents for HAuCl₄, respectively, most gold nanoparticles were spherical particles in the former case but plate-like particles in the latter case. The change in the pH value of electrolytes caused by the electrolysis of water would be the origin of the differences in shape and morphology of gold nanoparticles. A hypothesis of the H+ or OH? catalyzed PVP degradation mechanism was proposed to interpret why the pH value played a key role in determining the shape or morphology of gold nanoparticles. These experiments open up a new method for effectively controlling the shape and morphology of metal nanoparticles by using electrochemical methods.     

Co80+xZr20-x合金的永磁性能

利用X射线衍射和磁性测量研究Co_80+xZr_20-x（x=0,1,2,3,4）合金、 快淬薄带的结构与磁性. 结果表明, 所有样品的比饱和磁化强度均较大, 且在实验范围内随退火温度的升高而增加; 经750℃热处理2 h后, Co₈₁Zr₁₉样品的比饱和磁化强度达到最大值128 (A·m2)/kg; Co₈₂Zr₁₈快淬样品在25 m/s速率下的矫顽力最大, 为60 kA/m, 根据该样品中Co5Zr相的含量较大可知, Co₅Zr相为Co-Zr合金的硬磁相; 由初始磁化曲线可知, 所有样品的矫顽力机制为成核模型.      

Size-controlled synthesis of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles and their superparamagnetic properties tailoring

Superparamagnetic properties and fine-tuning of colloidal Fe₃O₄nanoparticles are important for their widespread biomedical applications. Herein, colloidal Fe₃O₄nanoparticles(NPs) of different sizes(8–20 nm) were prepared,and their hydrophilization with SiO₂shell coating to be Fe₃O₄@SiO₂core-shell had been realized successively.The size of Fe₃O₄NPs was controlled by different heating rate...     

Surface modification of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and their magnetic properties

Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by the hydrothermal method, and the influences of the surfactant sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuecinate (AOT) on the particles were investigated. The structure, morphology, and magnetic properties of the products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). It is confirmed that the as-prepared nanoparticles have been modified by using the surfactant during the synthesis process. The amount of the surfactant has an effect on the size, the dispersal, and the magnetic properties of the particles. Besides, the mechanisms of the influences were also discussed.