Selection and Verification of the Structural Pattern of the Penstock and Spiral Case of the TGP Power Station

1Patternselectionandver ificationoftheTGPpen stock　TheYangtzeRiverWaterResourcesCommission (CWRC)submittedASub jectReportonthePatternSelectionofthePenstockinthePowerStationoftheThreeGorgesProjectinDecember,1 993,inwhichthearrangementofthepenstockswasdefinitelystated ,twotypesofstructures (internalhydraulicpressurebornesolelybypenstockandinternalhydraulicpressurejointlybornebysteellinerandreinforcedconcrete)proposed ,acomparisonbetweenthetwooptionscomprehensivelyperformed ,andsuggesti…     

Aims and Scope of the Journal

<正>The journal of Progress in Natural.Science:Materials International sponsored and organized by both Chinese Materials Research Society(C-MRS)and International Union of Materials Research Societies(IUMRS)started to publish its first issue in November.2010.The Progress in Natural Science:Materials International provides scientists and engineers throughout the world with a central     

Velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle in the boundary area of the Tianshan Mountains and the Tarim Basin

A portable 3-component broadband digital seismic array was deployed across the Tianshan orogenic belt (TOB) to investigate the lithospheric structure. Based on receiver function analysis of the teleseismic P-wave data, a 2-D S-wave velocity profile of the boundary area of the TOB and the Tarim Basin was obtained at the depths of 0--80 km.Our results reveal a vertical and lateral inhomogeneity in the crust and uppermost mantle. Four velocity interfaces divide the crystalline crust into the upper, middle and lower crust. A low velocity zone is widely observed in the upper-middle crust. The depth of Moho varies between 42 and 52 km. At the north end of the profile the Moho dips northward with a vertical offset of 4--6 km, which implies a subduction front of the Tarim Basin into the TOB. The Moho generally appears as a velocity transitional zone except beneath two stations in the northern Tarim Basin, where the Moho is characterized by a typical velocity discontinuity. The fine velocity structure and the deep contact deformation of the crust and upper most mantle delineate the north-south lithospheric shortening and thickening in the boundary area of the TOB and the Tarim Basin, which would be helpful to constructing the geodynamical model of the intracontinental mountain-basin-coupling system.     

Orbit determination of Chang＇E-3 and positioning of the lander and the rover

Chang＇E-3 landed on the east of Sinus Iridum area on December 14, 2013, performing China＇s first successful soft landing on the lunar surface. We present the results on precision orbit determination and positioning of the lander and the rover. We and methods used to achieve period December 2-21, 2014. describe the data, modeling, position knowledge over the In addition to the radiometric X-band range and Doppler tracking data, delta differential one-way ranging data are also used in the calculation, which show that they strongly improve the accuracy of the orbit reconstruction. Total position overlap differences are about 20 and 30m for the 100km × 100km and 100 kmx 15 km lunar orbit, respectively, increased by ,- 50 % with respect to CE-2 and at the same level as other lunar spacecrafts of recent era such as SELENE and lunar reconnaissance orbiter （LRO）. The position error of the soft landing trajectory is less than 100 m. A kinematic statistical method is applied to determine the position of the lander and relative position of the rover with respect to the lander. The position difference of the lander is better than 50 m compared to LRO photograph result. Compared with the delta very long baseline interferometry （VLBI） group delay between the lander and the rover, the delta VLBI phase delay can improve the relative position of the rover from ～ 1,000 to ～1 m.     

Archaeological discovery and research on the remains of the paleoflood of the Yuxi site

The research of the paleoflood remains from archaeological sites is one of the most important jobs in the environmental archaeology.Based on the traditional archaeological methods and the archaeological finds from the Yuxi site,Fengdu County of Chongqing,the paper analyzes the difference between the cultural layers and the possible paleoflood layers from various angles,such as contents,shapes of gravels,pottery,etc.,identifies the possible paleoflood deposit layers,i.e.the paleoflood remains of the Yangtze River,and discusses the periodicity of the floods.     

ization of the age and the tendency to p

irectly the development of regional economy,forefront production and common life of the people.Its education focuses more or less on the teaching,training and research on t     

The Symbolism of the Old Man and the Sea

老人与海是海明威的著名著作,通过它我们可以看到海明威对象征主义的运用。当然,他同时运用了现实主义,比喻意义以及冰山理论等。但是这里仅着重研究象征主义,特别是圣地亚哥的宗教意义以及马洛林的象征意义。     

Influence of the Mode of Wavelength on the Infrared Reflectance and Transmittance in the Fabric

The study and the practical utilization of the infrared inthe textile field is analysed simply.The test method ofthe infrared transmittance(α_T)and the reflectance(α_R)in the fabric is introduced.The test results of aset of polyester/cotton plain fabrlcs show that the infra-red reflecting regulation can be expressed by quasi-co-sine function.The parameters affecting the α_T and α_Rare analysed, α_T decreases according to negative expo-nent function as the weight per square meter of the fab-ric increases,and α_R increases.Both α_T and α_R will in-crease when the mode of wavelength(λ_m) of the infra-red decreases.It can be deduced that the infrared ab-sorptance of the fabric will increase as λ_m increases inthe studied range.     

Theory and Experiments of the Diffraction Halo

According to the nature of the speckle, the results obtained through theoretical and exeperimental analyses of the diffraction halo are presented.     

Discourse Analysis and the Teaching of Speaking

Speaking is a productive skill and it is acknowledged to be hard for learners to master.Certain elements related to phonetics in discourse analysis,which play a significant role in EFL teaching of speaking,seem to be neglected.This paper analyses three of these elements:pause,intonation and tonic syllable,and their application in the teaching of speaking.     

Elemental composition in the sediments of the Yangtze and the Yellow Rivers and their tracing implication

Elemental compositions in the surface sediments of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River are quite different. The Yangtze River' s sediment is rich in K, Fe, Mg, Al and most of trace elements, and its elemental composition show remarkable spatial variations, whereas the Yellow River s sediment has higher contents of Ca, Na, Sr, Ba, Zr and Hf, and the elemental composition remains relatively stable. The ratios of some elements are also different in the sediments of the two rivers. The elemental composition of the Yangtze River sediment results from widely distributed igneous rocks and complicated source rocks and strong chemical weathering in the Yangtze River catchment basin, while the main provenance of the Yellow River sediment is the Loess Plateau which has dominant influence on the elemental composition, and the intense physical weathering is another controlling factor. The elements such as Cu, Zn, Sc, Ti, Fe, V, Ni, Cr, Co, Li and element ratios such as La/Sc, La/Co, Th/Co, Ti/Zr and Zr/Y can be used as the tracers to distinguish the Yangtze River sediment from the Yellow River s. The tracers can be used in the study of the mixing and distribution of the substances of the two rivers matters in coastal zones of China.     

A simple proof of the formal duality of the Kerdock and Preparata codes

The nonlinearity of the-Z2-Kerdock code Km+1, where m is an odd integer ≥3, is not at all obvious. By regarding Km+1 as the binary image of the-Z4-Kerdock code K (m) under the Gray map[1], a simple proof can be achieved (cf. Theorems 8.7 and 8.9 of [2]). Similarly, the formal duality of the-Z2-Kerdock code Km+1 and the-Z2-Preparata code Pm+1 is even more not at all obvious. A simple proof is given in the present note, by regarding Km+1 as the binary image of K (m) and using the duality of K (m) and the-Z4-Preparata code P (m) established in [1].     

Adsorption of polyelectrolyte on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles and the stability of colloidal dispersions

How to prevent flocculation is a universal problem in synthesis and application of nanoparticles. Because of high surface activity, nanoparticles tend to form large di-mension of aggregates with some loose contact interface. When solid particles are suspended in polyelectrolyte so-lution, polymer chains are adsorbed on the surface of par-ticles and they render to stabilize the corresponding parti-cles. The stabilizing property of polyelectrolytes is the reason for wide application in many fiel…     

Analysis of the Variations of Body Build of Middle-and Old-aged and Research on the Prototype

The characteristics of body build of middle - and old -aged women and its rule of variations as well as the basic sizes of various parts are discussed. All these are based on the body measurements of this age group, and also on the statistical studies of the measurement data. By setting the regression equation, the calculating formulae of various control parts are obtained, thus establishing the prototype of this age group for women.     

Interpretation and preliminary simulation of the 40 ka periodicity of the Quaternary glaciation

More and more proxy records approved that the periodicity of the glacial cycles is about 40 ka before MPT (middle Pleistocene transition) as early as late Tertiary from 3.0 Ma to 0.9 Ma,whereas it changes to about 100 ka after MPT. Summer insolation at high latitude in Northern Hemisphere,usually consid-ered as the main external force for the ice age,is dominated by the 23 ka precession period,which does not match the period of the glacial cycles. In this paper,we define an energy index C and its threshold Ct that indicate the net energy supply and the overall response of the climate system. The difference between these two parameters determines whether the ice sheet melts or not,and accordingly the start and termination of the interglacial stages,as well as the periodicity of glacial oscillations. Based on the energy threshold hypothesis,the preliminary simulation experiments are made to test the period of the glacial cycles and driven factors from a conceptual model. The results indicate that energy index C and threshold Ct can interpret not only the 40 ka periodicity before MPT,but also the quasi-100 ka perio-dicity after MPT to some extent,and the 40 ka is the basic period of the glacial cycles,which discloses the inherent continuity of climatic change before and after MPT.     

Color Perception of the Textile and Clothing

IntroductionColorisoneoftheimportantelementsinthecharacterizationoftextileandclothingproducts.Fashiondesignersandconsumersshowtheirtastesandstylesbycolorsandconcernaboutthesensationscreatedbycolors.Thebasisforthecolordifferentiation,inthiscase,cannotbeexplainedandsupportedbythetheoryofcolorimetricsystems.Colorperceptionisaveryspecialphenomenonandtheresultsofthepropertiesofthelightorsurface,theactivitiesofvisionsystemandcentralnervoussystem[1].Thereisagapbetweencolorandcolorperceptioninpractic…     

Retrospect and Prospect of the Influence Diagram

The evaluation algorithm and the application of the influence diagram were surveyed, which argues that to construct an explicit,compact and objective influence diagram is of the most importance. There are two suggested ways for realization of the influence diagram: introducing the achievements of the modern psychology, cognitive science, behavior science, and so on to represent and solve uncertainty to build a well-constructed influence diagram; based on the observed data to build an influence diagram. Also, the limitations of the influence diagram were analyzed, such as that it cannot deal with asynunetric problems efficiently, cannot picture dynamic problems,cannot model the problems with a limitless horizon, and ther is no highly efficient algorithm. And some potential methods to overcome these limitations were pointed out.     

Synthesis and Spectrum Characteristic of the Inclusion Complex of β-CD and Pyridine-CuI

The β-Cyclodextrin consists of seven D-glucopyranoside units, which are linked by α-1, 4-glycosidic linkages. The shape of CD can be presented as a truncated cone. Its inner is hydrophobic and exterior is hydrophilic for the aggregation of the hydroxyl groups, which results in cyclodextrin to have the ability of inclusion different compounds.     

Simulation and evaluation of the quality and availability of typical GLI ocean image

ADEOS-II satellite will be launched in the near future. It collocates many remote sensing instruments in the same platform. Among them, Global Image (GLI) is considered to be a main sensor which will play a key role. In order to understand the characteristics of future GLI ocean color images, a simulation and evaluation of the quality and availability of GLI typical ocean image has been done. In the paper, we first introduce the simulation models briefly, and simulate typical cases of radiance images at visible channels, in which the radiance distribution is based on geographic location, the satellite orbital parameters and sensor properties. A method, complex signal noise ratio (CSNR) to evaluate the image quality and availability, is developed according to the characteristics of image. Meanwhile, a series of CSNR images are generated from the simulated radiance components for different cases, which can be used to evaluate the quality and availability of GLI images before the ADEOS-II is placed in orbit. Finally, the quality and availability of GLI images are quantitatively analyzed by the simulated CSNR data. The results will be beneficial to the people who are in charge of GLI mission or plan to use the data from GLI.