脑卒中后椎体束华勒变性的功能磁共振研究

目的应用扩散张量与磁共振波谱技术,对急性脑卒中患者进行分析,探讨其反映患者病情变化的价值.方法取一侧脑卒中患者26例,健康志愿者30例.在常规扫描后再进行DTI,MRS扫描,采用NIHSS和BI评分评价患者功能,并定期复查.分析患者梗死病灶、大脑脚ADC值、FA值及MRS的代谢产物数值变化.结果 1）病灶FA值低于正常值,与NIHSS呈正相关,与BI呈负相关.脑干FA值减小,提示神经纤维出现华勒变性;2）病灶NAA下降,低于正常侧,P〈0.01;病灶侧Cr,Cho较正常侧改变不明显,P〉0.05;大脑脚NAA 1个月后降低.结论对脑卒中患者进行DTI与MRS扫描,能较早反映患者病情严重程度,还能判断预后,并指导临床康复治疗.     

Analysis with NMR localized spectroscopy of rat brainin vivo andex vivo

The volume-selected MRS of rat brain was performed on a 200 MHz broad horizontal-bore nuclear magnetic resonance imaging spectromete;. The localized proton spectroscopy of rat brain was acquired using the double spin-echo pulse sequence (PRESS) to select the position and size of the volume. Water signal was suppressed by CHESS sequence which was composed of chemical shift selective rf pulses and dephasing gradients. The parameterTE was taken as 40 ms and 135 ms in the experiment. The localized MRS of the rat brain with the status of live and death was obtained in variousTE values. Results showed that volume-selected proton MRS of the rat brainin vivo with longerTE consisted mainly of signals produced by N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cre), choline (Cho) and the lactate spectral peak occurred in the MRS of the rat brainex vivo. On the other hand, the MRS of the rat brain with shorterTE contained glutamine/glutamate and lipid signals besides those signals mentioned previously. Although the information abstracted from the MRS of the rat brain with shorterTE may be more than that with longerTE, the spectral resolution of the MRS with shorterTE was slightly worse. In addition, it might indicate that the absolute concentration of NAA was decreased in dead rat brain because the SNR of NAA peak in the MRSex vivo got lower.     

Personality and neurochemicals in the human brain： A preliminary study using ^1H MRS

To investigate the neuro-biological bases of introversion-extraversion personality traits, the concentration of four neuroehemieals （Cho, mI, α-Glx and NAA） in anterior eigulate gyrus between normal extroverts and introverts were examined using non-invasive ^1H MRS technique. Our study revealed that introverts have significantly higher level of α-Glx, Cho and mI in the anterior eingulate gyrus than extroverts. This result provides new evidence that the anterior eingulate gyrus is related to personality traits partly in support of Eysenek＇s supposition that introverts have higher arousal level than extroverts. Moreover, this result offers neuroehemieal data for psychobiological theories of personality.     

磁共振多模态技术对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病诊断价值的探讨

目的利用核磁共振弥散加权成像（DWI）联合核磁共振波谱分析（1H-MRS）及核磁共振磁敏感成像（SWI）研究HIE的MRI,探讨临床分度及预后关系。方法搜集28例经临床证实的新生儿HIE患者,行常规MRI、DWI、1H-MRS、SWI图,单体素PRESS（TE144ms）序列囊壁或囊内1H-MRS成像,测量N-乙酰天冬氨酸NAA、胆碱Cho、肌酸Cr、乳酸Lac、脂质Lip峰高,计算出Cho/Cr,Cho/NAA,NAA/Cr,并与随访结果进行比较。结果 （1）8例皮层及皮层下沿脑回迂曲点状条状高信号及或幕上幕下蛛网膜下腔少量出血;3例额叶深部白质两侧对称性点状高信号及或沿脑室壁条状高信号半局限性脑水肿;2例表现为基底节区,丘脑高信号伴内囊后肢地信号;1例脑室出血半病侧脑室扩大,皮层下囊状坏死,弥漫性脑水肿。（2）28例患者初次检查,DWI全部表现为对称性异常高信号;22例病变位于颞叶、额叶、顶叶;8例累及两侧基底节区。（3）5例NAA峰显著降低;8例Lac峰明显增高;GLx-a峰明显增高。（4）3例室管膜下斑点状低信号;6例脑室内条状低信号;1例皮层下点状低信号;5例侧脑室旁斑点状低信号。（5）随访2周,25例全部病变显示低信号,6个月和15个月持续性低信号。结论利用磁共振多模态技术能够判断超急性期,急性期的HIE,早期发现中重度HIE,指导临床判断预后。     

不同类型运动对肥胖儿童脑功能变化特征研究

研究不同类型运动对肥胖儿童脑功能变化特征的影响。将某地某健康减肥夏令营的儿童学员作为研究对象,选择30个中重度肥胖儿童,随机将其分成有氧运动组、抗阻运动组和安静组,给出各种指标及有氧运动、抗阻运动的实施方法;结果:针对体重、BMI、3处皮脂厚度和脂肪百分量,有氧运动组和抗阻运动组均非常显著低于安静组(P0.01),有氧运动组与抗阻运动组相比无显著差异;有氧运动组和抗阻运动组肥胖儿童的脂肪含量显著低于安静组(P0.05),有氧运动组和抗阻运动组之间无显著差异;有氧运动组和抗阻运动组肥胖儿童的阅读速度和IMC值均显著高于安静组(P0.05),错误率低于安静组。有氧运动组和抗阻运动组之间无显著差异。和安静组相比,有氧运动组和抗阻运动组肥胖儿童认知功能测试指标均更优,其中,总应答数、完成分类数、正确率、概念化水平差异具有非常显著性(P0.01);错误应答数、持续应答数、持续错误数差异具有显著性(P0.05),其他指标无显著性差异,有氧运动组和抗阻运动组之间无显著差异;和安静组相比,有氧运动组与抗阻运动组额叶NAA、Cr、Cho水平更高,且具有非常显著差异(P0.01);NA A/Cr和Cho/Cr水平高于安静组,但无显著差异,有氧运动组和抗阻运动组之间无显著差异。有氧运动和抗阻运动能够改善肥胖儿童的身体状况、注意集中能力、认知与行为功能,对脑部额叶代谢下降的逆转起到积极的影响,两种类型运动无显著差异。     

自发性静脉血栓栓塞症中实验室独立危险因素的新发现

发现与自发性静脉血栓栓塞症发生相关的实验室检测指标,对连续收集的48例既往无血栓病史的、首发的自发性静脉血栓栓塞症住院患者(以及48例未发生静脉血栓性疾病的住院患者做为对照组)进行实验室相关指标.包括:纤维蛋白原含量、白细胞计数、血小板计数和ABO血型的检测,并对这些实验室相关指标与自发性静脉血栓栓塞症的相关性分别进行单因素和多因素的统计学分析.结果单因素统计分析发现,纤维蛋白原含量和白细胞计数在血栓组与对照组间存在显著的差异(P＜0.05),而血小板计数和ABO血型在两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).对纤维蛋白原含量和白细胞计数与自发性静脉血栓栓塞症之间的相关性进行Logistic回归分析发现,纤维蛋白原含量和白细胞计数均为自发性静脉血栓栓塞症发生的独立危险因素,其OR值分别为纤维蛋白原含量2.17(95％ CI:1.306～3.608,p值=0.0028)和白细胞计数1.36(95％CI:1.074～1.719,p值=0.010 6).结论 纤维蛋白原含量和白细胞计数是自发性静脉血栓栓塞症的独立危险因素,通过与其他临床相关因素结合,可能有助于自发性静脉血栓栓塞症的预警和早期诊断.     

经伤椎单侧固定治疗后纵韧带完整的胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效分析

目的探讨经后路短节段伤椎单侧5钉固定治疗后纵韧带完整的胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。方法:2013年1月～2018年5月,采用后路短节段经伤椎单侧5钉固定治疗后纵韧带完整的胸腰椎单一椎体骨折,共30例,所有伴有神经损伤的患者均行椎管潜行减压手术。通过观察患者手术前后的伤椎前缘高度比、Cobb角、Frankel分级及术后脊柱侧方成角的变化,从而评价经伤椎单侧固定的临床疗效。结果所有患者均获得随访,时间为11～20个月,平均14.5个月。术后均无内固定松动、断裂等并发症的发生。患者术后即刻伤椎高度及Cobb角较术前明显改善,具有统计学差异(P 0.05);末次随访时伤椎高度、脊柱侧方成角和Cobb角较术后即刻均有所丢失,但前后比较无明显统计学差异(P0.05);末次随访时,Frankel分级为B级的恢复到C级,其余C级、D级的均恢复到E级,差异具有统计学意义(P 0.05);结论经伤椎单侧5钉固定治疗后纵韧带完整的胸腰椎骨折,临床疗效满意。对于伴有神经损伤的患者,可以行潜行减压手术,神经症状恢复满意;对于无神经损伤的患者,只要后纵韧带保持完整,无论椎管内骨折块占位多少,均无需行减压手术。     

Oxidant stress evoked by pacemaking in dopaminergic neurons is attenuated by DJ-1

Parkinson's disease is a pervasive, ageing-related neurodegenerative disease the cardinal motor symptoms of which reflect the loss of a small group of neurons, the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Mitochondrial oxidant stress is widely viewed as being responsible for this loss, but why these particular neurons should be stressed is a mystery. Here we show, using transgenic mice that expressed a redox-sensitive variant of green fluorescent protein targeted to the mitochondrial matrix, that the engagement of plasma membrane L-type calcium channels during normal autonomous pacemaking created an oxidant stress that was specific to vulnerable SNc dopaminergic neurons. The oxidant stress engaged defences that induced transient, mild mitochondrial depolarization or uncoupling. The mild uncoupling was not affected by deletion of cyclophilin D, which is a component of the permeability transition pore, but was attenuated by genipin and purine nucleotides, which are antagonists of cloned uncoupling proteins. Knocking out DJ-1 (also known as PARK7 in humans and Park7 in mice), which is a gene associated with an early-onset form of Parkinson's disease, downregulated the expression of two uncoupling proteins (UCP4 (SLC25A27) and UCP5 (SLC25A14)), compromised calcium-induced uncoupling and increased oxidation of matrix proteins specifically in SNc dopaminergic neurons. Because drugs approved for human use can antagonize calcium entry through L-type channels, these results point to a novel neuroprotective strategy for both idiopathic and familial forms of Parkinson's disease.     

植物生长调节剂对苏丹草产量及粗蛋白的影响

采用裂区试验方法。结果表明：喷洒后７ｄ，株高ＧＡ３处理极显著高于ＮＡＡ处理（Ｐ＜０．０１）。１００ｍｇ．Ｌ－１ＧＡ３１５．１０－３ｋｇ．ｍ－２处理互作效应显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＧＡ３处理使干物质中ＣＰ含量上升，ＣＦ含量下降。ＮＡＡ处理则相反。ＧＡ３处理影响一、二茬草，ＮＡＡ处理影响第一茬草。１００ｍｇ．Ｌ－１ＧＡ３、１５．１０－３ｋｇ．ｍ－２处理组合显著提高ＤＭ产量（Ｐ＜０．０５）。